IB – Mathematics – Classes - Section 1: Algebra of matrices

3 −1
5 −3 1 1 7
Task 1. Find dimensions of given matrices: 𝐴 = [ ] 𝐵 =[ ] 𝐶= [ 0 4]
1 4 −2 3 −4
−2 1
1 3 −1 2
𝐷 = [2 0 3 ] 𝐸 = [ 1 ] . Perform the indicated operations if possible:
0 5 4 −3
1) 2𝐴 − 3𝐶 𝑇 , 2) 𝐴𝑇 + 4𝐵 3) 𝐴𝐷 − 3𝐶 𝑇 4) 𝐶𝐴 + 2𝐵, 5) 𝐸𝐸 𝑇 6) 𝐸 𝑇 𝐸 7)𝐴2 8) 𝐵2 .
Task 2. Let be given a function 𝑓 ∶ 𝑀(2,2) ⟶ 𝑀(2,2), where 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑋 2 − 3𝑋 + 4𝑋 𝑇 − 6𝐼. For the matrix 𝐴 find
𝑓(𝐴):
3 −1 2 4 −1 3
a) A = [ ] b) A = [ ] c) A = [ ]
2 4 −3 1 2 4
Task 3. Let be given a function 𝑓 ∶ 𝑀(3,3) ⟶ 𝑀(3,3), Find 𝑓(𝐴) where 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑋 2 + 2𝑋 − 𝑋𝑋 𝑇 − 𝐼 5 and:
−1 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 1
a) A = [ 1 1 2 ] b) A = [−1 0 2] c) A = [−2 1 0]
0 3 −1 3 1 1 1 0 3
𝑎 𝑏
Task 4. Let 𝐴 = [ ] . Find 𝑎 ∈ ℝ and 𝑏 ∈ ℝ such that 𝐴 + 𝐴 = 0 where 𝐴2 = 𝐴 ∙ 𝐴. Express the value of the
2
𝑏 𝑎
determinant in terms of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏2 𝑎 1 𝑎 13 𝑎 0 𝑎 0 −1
Task 5. Find all parameters 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ, for which: a) [ ]=[ ] b) [ ]=[ ] c) [ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 𝑏 0 𝑏 𝑏 1 𝑏 1
1 1
X+Y =[ ]
Task 6. Solve the given system of equations (find X and 𝑌): { 0 1
1 0
2𝑋 + 3𝑌 = [ ]
0 1
Task 7. Evaluate the determinant:
1 0 −2 3
3 0 1 1 0 2
3 −5 2 0 1 4]
a) 𝐾 = [5] 𝐿 = [ ] 𝑀 = [1 −2 0] 𝑁 = [−3 4 0 ] 𝑂= [
2 4 −1 3 −1 5
4 −1 2 1 −4 −4
5 2 0 1
3 1 5 3
2 −4 0 3 1 −1
1 2 4 −1 0 0]
b) 𝐾 = [−7] 𝐿 = [ ] 𝑀 = [1 3 2] 𝑁 = [ 2 0 3 ] 𝑂 = [
−3 4 2 3 −1 2
3 −1 2 0 5 4
−1 2 2 1
2 1 3 3
1 −4 2 2 0 3
2 −4 2 0 0 −1
c) 𝐾 = [−2] 𝐿 = [ ] 𝑀=[ 0 3 1] 𝑁 = [ 0 5 4 ] 𝑂 = [ ]
1 3 2 1 −1 2
−2 −1 3 3 1 −1
−1 2 2 1
Task 8. Solve the given inequality:
3 𝑎 1 0 1 2 3
𝑥 1 2
−𝑎 −1 0 1| < 0 c) |1 (3 − 𝑥) 3 |≤0
a) |−𝑥 3 0| = 0 b) |
1 0 1 2
1 1 1 1 2 (5 + 𝑥)
1 −2 0 2
1 0 4 0
1 1 1
−1 (4 − 𝑥 2 ) 3 3
d) |3𝑥 (2 − 3𝑥) 1 |>0 e) | |≤0
7 0 5 0
1 (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 1)
−7 0 6 (𝑥 2 − 9)
Task 9. Find the inverse of a given matrix (if possible).
3 0 1
3 −5 −2 3
a) 𝐿=[ ] 𝑀=[ ] 𝑁 = [1 −2 0]
2 4 8 −12
4 −1 2
2 1 3
2 1 2 −4
b) 𝐿=[ ] 𝑀=[ ] 𝑁 = [0 −3 2]
−4 3 −4 8
4 0 1
1 1 2
4 −2 3 −2
c) 𝐿=[ ] 𝑀=[ ] 𝑁 = [0 −2 3]
−6 3 −1 2
3 0 1

 Beata Ciałowicz ~1~

 IB – Mathematics – Classes - Section 1: Algebra of matrices
Task 10. Solve the given equation (find a matrix X):
𝑇
1 2
1) ([ ] 𝑋 + 2𝐼) = [−2 1]𝑇 ∙ [3 −4]
1 4
2 −1 𝑇 1 −2 1 −2 2
2) [ ] ∙ [ ] − 𝑋 [ ] = 5[ ] − 3𝐼
3 4 3 2 3 0
−4 2 2
3 2 −1 3 2 5𝑇
3) (2𝑋 𝑇 − [ ] + 2𝐼) [ ]=[ ]− 3[ ]
1 3 4 −1 4 2 3 1
0 1 1 2 0 𝑇 [
4) ([ ] 𝑋 + 3𝐼 [ ]) = 3 2 2]𝑇 ∙ [1 2]
−2 2 0 0 2
1 1𝑇 0 3 1 22
5) 𝑋 ([ ] ∙ [ ] − 2 [ ]) = [ ] + 2𝐼
2 3 1 2 3 1
2 1 2 2 2 −1
6) ([ ] ∙ [−4 5] − [ ] + 𝑋) [ ]=𝐼
−3 −3 −1 −1 −1
𝑇
2 1 2 3𝑇 3 4 3 4
7) [ ] (2𝐼 − 3𝑋 + [ ] ∙[ ]+[ ]) = 3𝐼
3 2 2 5 4 5 −1 2
2 32 1 −2 3 2 0 3 𝑇 2 2
8) (3𝑋 − [ ] +[ ]∙[ ] )[ ] = 2𝐼
1 2 1 1 −1 0 1 −1 3 2
𝑇
6 7 6 7 2 6 −5
9) ([ ] ∙ 𝑋) − 𝐼 + [ ] =[ ]
−5 −6 −5 −6 7 −6
𝑇
8 9 8 9 2 8 −7
10) 𝑋 ∙ ([ ]−[ ] + 𝐼) = [ ]
−7 −8 −7 −8 9 −8
2
1 −1 0 4 3 1 3 3𝑇
11) [3 2 1] 𝑋 + [0 −2 2] = 5𝐼 − [ 1 ] ∙ [2]
0 −2 0 0 −1 3 −2 1
1 −1 3 2 1 4 0 2𝑇 3 2 3 4 2
12) ([ ]∙[ ] − 5𝐼 7 + 3𝑋) [ ] = 2[ ]
2 3 1 0 −2 3 1 0 7 2 2 −1
4 −1 2 4 1 22 2 2𝑇
13) [ ]𝑋[ ]=[ ] +[ ]∙[ ]
3 2 1 3 −3 1 3 4
𝑇
0 −1 −1 2 2 𝑇
14) (𝑋[2 1]𝑇 ∙ [3 2] − 2 [ ]) − 3𝐼 = [ ] ∙𝑋
3 2 3 1
2 1 1 −2 2 3 3
15) [ ] ∙ (3𝑋 − 2𝐼 + [ ] ) = 5𝐼 + [ ]∙𝑋
3 2 3 0 7 4
0 −1 𝑇 −1 2
16) (𝑋 ∙ [2 1]𝑇 ∙ [3 2] − 2 ∙ [ ]) − 3𝐼 = [ ] ∙ 𝑋𝑇
3 2 3 1
3 4 3 4 3 42
17) [ ] ∙ 𝑋 −1 ∙ [ ] = −[ ]
−2 −3 −2 −3 −2 −3
1 1 1
18) [ ]∙𝑋 =𝐼
0 1 1
1 1 1
19) 𝑋 ∙ [ ]=𝐼
0 1 1
2 −1 0 −1 2 −21 8 −21
20) 𝑋 ∙ [ ]∙[ ]=[ ]
3 4 3 0 1 6 −7 12
𝑇
0 3 −6 −4 2
2 3
21) 𝑋 ∙ ([−1 0] ∙ [ ]) = [−6 7 −12]
−1 4
2 1 12 −3 10

𝑥 𝑦 1
Task 11. Show that | 2 3 1 | = 0 is the equation of a line that passes through (2,3) and (−1,2).
−1 2 1
1 2 1
Task 12. Find value of parameter 𝑚 ∈ ℝ for which the given matrix 𝐴 is invertible: 𝐴 = [𝑚 1 −3]. Find 𝐴−1
1 𝑚 1
for 𝑚 = 0.

 Beata Ciałowicz ~2~

 IB – Mathematics – Classes - Section 1: Algebra of matrices
EXTRA TASKS
1. BOOK (you can find this book in LIBRARY):
2. B. Ciałowicz - Workouts in Calculus and Linear Algebra with Applications to Economics
3. ERRATUM - Moodle
p.132 Task 6.2
p.132 Task 6.3
p.133 Task 6.5 (examples: K, L, M, N, O, P, R)

Dictionary
addition dodawanie row matrix macierz wierszowa
adjoint matrix/ adjugate transponowana macierz row of matrix wiersz macierzy
matrix dopełnień algebraicznych scalar skalar (liczba)
scalar
cofactor dopełnienie algebraiczne mnożenie skalarne
multiplication
macierz dopełnień
cofactor matrix secondary diagonal przekątna druga
algebraicznych
column matrix macierz kolumnowa singluar matrix macierz osobliwa
column of matrix kolumna macierzy square matrix macierz kwadratowa
podwyznacznik
component of matrix element macierzy subdeterminant
(minor)
macierz
determinant wyznacznik transpose of matrix
transponowana
diagonal przekątna transposition transponowanie
diagonal matrix macierz przekatniowa unit matrix macierz jednostkowa
dimensions of matrix wymiary macierzy zero matrix macierz zerowa
element of matrix element macierzy
elementary column operacje elementarne na
operations kolumnach
elementary operations
operacje elementarne
(elementary transformations)
operacje elementarne na
elementary row operations
wierszach
entries of matrix elementy macierzy
identity matrix macierz jednostkowa
inverse matrix macierz odwrotna
invertible matrix macierz odwracalna
Laplace expansion rule
rozwinięcie Laplace’a
(expanding by cofactors)
main diagonal przekątna główna
matrix (n.) macierz
matrix equation równanie macierzowe
minor (n.) minor (podwyznacznik)
non-invertible matrix macierz nieodwracalna
non-singular matrix macierz nieosobliwa
order of matrix wymiar macierzy
primary diagonal przekątna pierwsza (główna)
principal diagonal przekątna główna
rectangular matrix macierz prostokątna

 Beata Ciałowicz ~3~