MAINTANING INTERNAL LIFE BALANCE

Homeostasis
⁃ it is the process where our internal balance is fixed and constant “means unchanging”
⁃ When the homeostasis failed, the organs system may fail or malfunction

Claude Bernard - he stated that the constancy of the internal environment is necessary for free live
⁃ coined the term “milieu interieur”
⁃ French of psychologist
⁃ Father of physiology

Walter B. Cannon - described homeostasis as an evolutionary development of a metabolic wisdom

⁃ named the fixity described by Bernard as “homeostasis”
⁃ Coined the term “homeostasis” / American psychologist

Internal environment
⁃ refers to the conditions inside an organism
⁃ Hypothalamus (which is a structure deep within the brain and it keeps your body in balance
in a stable called homeostasis)

Enzymes
⁃ helps in regulating the rate at which reactions on the body occur
⁃ The processes in the cells depend on the activity of enzymes

Skin
⁃ homeostatic organ which helps maintain the body temperature.
⁃ OVERHEATING: sweating and vasodilation
⁃ OVERCOOLING: shivering and vasoconstriction

Vasodilation (heat lost)

⁃ The blood vessels in the skin dilate and allows more blood to flow near the surface

Vasoconstriction (little heat loss)

⁃ opposite of vasodilation
 ⁃ Less warm blood flows near the surface

Sweating
⁃ The sweat glands in the skin are activated and secrete sweat on to the surface of the skin
⁃ Sweat glands (extracts sweat from the blood and passes it up the duct to the skin surface)

Shivering
- uncontrollable burst of rapid muscular contraction in the limbs

Tissue fluid
- contains oxygen and food which the cells can absorb
⁃ Derived the blood

Excretion
⁃ process of removing waste
⁃ Waste (useless to the organism and may even be harmful)
Lungs
⁃ responsible for homeostasis within our internal balance
⁃ Responsible for the excretion of carbon dioxide

RESPONDING, ADAPTING, AND EVOLVING (RT - 3)

 RESPONDING

- Living things sense and respond to change to ensure survival and optimum functioning.
- No environment is perfect for sustaining life without the organism itself adapting to it.

 ADAPTING
- Organisms adjust to new environment or to changes in their current environment.

 EVOLVING
- Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations.

 MOTILITY
- The ability of a cell or organism to move of its own.
- They fly, swim and jump and these movements are called locomotion or motility.
 Ex. Plants, Jellyfish, Worms

 IRRITABILITY
- External factors such as light, sound, temperature, pressure or food sources affect living things.
- The reaction of an organism is called tropism or response.
- The ability of an organism to respond appropriately to a stimulus is called sensitivity or
irritability.
Ex. Sleepy grass, pollen

 INDIVIDUAL ADAPTATION
- For living things to survive and perform normal functions, the ability to adjust to changes is a
must.
Ex. Tanning

 EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION
- Is the process that species go through in order to become accustomed to an environment.
Ex. Ice Age and the Extinction of Dinosaurs

 CONCLUSION
- The condition of their surroundings determines all that exists in living beings.
- If living things don't adjust to every change that happens, they will gradually go extinct.
- Some lesser species that are unable to adapt respond to changes in their environment by either
migrating elsewhere or going extinct, while the strongest species adapt and evolve appropriately.