history of architecture

Indian
Romanesque
ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
Architecture
Architecture
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Introduction

The Historical
Timeline of Architecture

Egyptian Byzantine

Pre-Historic Greek Roman Early Christian Romanesque Gothic Renaissance 18th-19th C: 20th C:
Revival Modern
history of architecture

Near East Islamic

ROMANESQUE Indian Chinese & Japanese

GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque architecture, architectural style
current in Europe from about the mid-11th century to the
advent of Gothic architecture. A fusion of Roman,
Carolingian and Ottonian, Byzantine, and local
Germanic traditions, it was a product of the great
expansion of monasticism in the 10th–11th century. Larger
churches were needed to accommodate the numerous
history of architecture

monks and priests, as well as the pilgrims who came to

view saints’ relics. For the sake of fire resistance, masonry
vaulting began to replace timber construction.
https://www.britannica.com/art/Romanesque-architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque churches characteristically
incorporated semicircular arches for windows,
doors, and arcades; barrel or groin vaults to
support the roof of the nave; massive piers and
walls, with few windows, to contain the outward
thrust of the vaults; side aisles with galleries above
them; a large tower over the crossing of nave and
transept; and smaller towers at the church’s
history of architecture

western end. French churches commonly expanded

on the early Christian basilica plan, incorporating
radiating chapels to accommodate more priests,
ambulatories around the sanctuary apse for visiting
pilgrims, and large transepts between the sanctuary
ROMANESQUE and nave.
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE https://www.britannica.com/art/Romanesque-architecture

18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL

20TH C.: MODERN
 VA
NDA
LS
Romanesque
ES NS
GL HU • The decline of the Roman Empire led to the rise of
AN S
ON S
SAX AV independent states and nations across Europe
SL
• Most states still had ecclesiastical and political ties to
K S Rome
AN
R THS • This went on for three centuries, from 500 to 800 AD
F
T ROGO HS
OS GOT
VISI

• Char lem agn e , a Fr a nki s h C ar o l in g ia n k i ng , wa s

barbarian Europe’s most effective ruler
• In 800 AD, he was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III -
history of architecture

INFLUENCES • established the Holy Roman Empire, tried to be as grand

HISTORY
• The Roman Empire was halved into East and West
• Those outside the Empire were called “barbarians” -
German tribes such as the Franks, Saxons, Vandals,
Goths; Asian tribes such as the Huns
• 4th century, Huns invaded Europe forcing the Goths and
Vandals to seek shelter inside the Roman Empire
• Rome agreed to let them stay in exchange for help
against the Huns
ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC • In 410 AD, Alaric the Goth seized Rome, settled in Spain
RENAISSANCE • Ostrogoths held much of Italy, Vandals moved across
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL Europe into Africa
20TH C.: MODERN • 486 – 507, Clovis, King of the Franks, conquered Gaul,
but was overthrown by the Carolingians in 751 AD
• Franks, Visigoths and Burgundians ruled Gaul
• Angles, Saxons and Jutes occupied Britain
as the Roman and Byzantine emperors before him
• Built his palace in Aachen, based on Byzantine palace
and chapel in Constantinople
• Conquered parts of Germany, Austria, Italy and Spain
• Art and civilization was restored over Europe
• There was a new religious enthusiasm:
• The crusades were conducted against Muslims
• Papacy rose to great power
• Great monastic foundations
• Christianity was source of education, culture, and
economy
• In 814 AD, Charlemagne’s empire began to break up
splitting into 3 kingdoms
• Vikings from Norway, Denmark and Sweden began
attacking Britain, France, Ireland, Russia and North
America, only stopping by 1000 AD
 history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN

RELIGION
• Rise of the religious orders
• Science, letters, art and culture were the monopoly of
orders
• Gave impulse to architecture; fostered art and learning
Romanesque
NORTHERN ITALY
• Milan, Venice, Ravenna, Pavia, Verona, Genoa - cities
competed to construct glorious buildings
• Links to Northern Europe (through alpine passes) and
Constantinople (through Venice and Ravenna)

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER • Ornamental arcades all over façade

• Wheel window
DESCRIPTION • Central projecting porch, with columns on roughly-carved
• Religious fervor expressed in: grotesque figures of men and beasts (shows Northern
• Art, cathedrals and monastic buildings European influence)

• Architecture spread throughout Europe but governed by S. Ambrogio, Milan

classical traditions – “Romanesque” S. Zeno Maggiore, Verona
S. Fedele, Como
• Ruins of classical buildings - classical precedent was S. Michele, Pavia
used only to suit the fragments of old ornaments used in
new buildings

EXAMPLES
history of architecture

CATHEDRALS
• Mostly Basilican in plan

• Rib and Panel vaulting - framework of ribs support thin

stone panels

BAPTISTERIES
ROMANESQUE • Large, separate buildings usually octagonal in plan and
GOTHIC connected to the cathedral by the atrium
RENAISSANCE • Used 3 times a year: Easter, Pentecost, Epiphany
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
CAMPANILES
• Straight towers shafts, generally standing alone
• Served as civic monuments, symbols of power, watch
towers
 Romanesque
SOUTHERN ITALY CENTRAL ITALY
• Underwent Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Muslim and • Rome, Florence, Naples, Pisa – cities rich in pagan
Norman rule influence
• Pisa had commercial links with the Holy Land; fought
• Richer in design and color with Muslims
• Elaborate wheel windows – made of sheets of pierced • Great stone and mineral wealth, brilliant atmosphere
marble
• Greater variety in columns and capitals
• Elaborate bronze doors and bronze pilasters

• Byzantine influence: mosaic decorations, no vaults, used

domes
• Muslim influence: use of striped marbles, stilted pointed
arches, colorful, geometric designs as predominant
interior decoration
history of architecture

Cefalu Cathedral, Sicily
• Most distinct Romanesque church in Sicily
Pisa Cathedral
• Forms one of most famous building groups in the world -
Cathedral, Baptistery, Campanile, and Campo Santo
• Resembles other early Basilican churches in plan
• Exterior of red and white marble bands

Baptistery
ROMANESQUE • 39.3 m circular plan by Dioti Salvi
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE Campanile
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL • aka The “Leaning Tower of Pisa”
20TH C.: MODERN
• 8 storeys, 16 m in diameter
• Due to failure of foundations, overhangs 4.2 m
Monreale Cathedral
• Most splendid under Norman rule in Sicily
• Basilican and Byzantine planning
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque
FRANCE CENTRAL EUROPE
• Remains of old buildings were less abundant – they had
greater freedom of developing new style Worms Cathedral
• Rib-vaults and semi-circular or pointed arches over the • Eastern and western apses and octagons
nave and aisles • 2 circular towers flank each
• Timber-framed roofs of slate finish and steep slope to • Octagon at crossing, with pointed roof
throw off snow

SPAIN
S. Madeleine, Vezelay • Use of both Basilican and Greek-cross forms
history of architecture

• Earliest pointed cross-vault in France • Use of horseshoe arch

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
Abbey of St. Denis, near Paris
• Among the first instances of using the pointed arch Santiago de Compostela
• Ribbed vault, p ointed arch and f lyin g but tress es • Finest achievement of Romanesque in Spain
successfully combined
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque
ENGLAND

3 foundations:
• Old foundation - served by secular clergy
• Monastic foundation - served by regular clergy or monks
• New foundation - to which bishops had been appointed

Peterborough Cathedral
• Fine Norman interior
history of architecture

• Original timber ceiling over nave

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN

Durham Cathedral
• Rib and panel vaulting with pointed arches
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Romanesque
MONASTIC BUILDINGS
Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire

FORTIFICATIONS & TOWN WALLS

• All over Europe - 1500 castles in England in 11th and
12th centuries
history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
• Began as motte and bailey earthworks
• Later became citadels with stone curtain walls
 Romanesque

history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 DOCUMENTARIES

1. Contest of the cathedrals – the Romanesque period

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_UvBLmdBMU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mp7GSNgpRT4
history of architecture

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Significance
The mosque is an example of the mud-brick construction of the region. Typical of the Dyula mosques, the building does not have a courtyard. The flat roof is
supported by clay piers and the structure contains numerous buttresses.

Selection Criteria
history of architecture

vi. to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal
significance

End of Module 1
ISLAMIC Ar. Christian Nico Pilotin
INDIAN
SRI LANKA
HOA 121 Instructor
BURMA, CAMBODIA,
THAILAND
CHINESE
JAPANESE
 • Plate No. 1

• Reproduction drawing
• Page 1. Draw the Cathedral of Pisa
• Page 2. Draw the Tower of Pisa

• Due Date: October 15, 2022

• Late plates to be deducted (-1 per day, 2 weeks 75)
• Color pencils/pens, watercolor or any other medium
• Paper size Use 9"x12"
history of architecture

• You may add description...

• Put the Building name
• Plate Title: ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Plates
• Reproduction Drawings

MATERIALS:
history of architecture

a. Sketchpad. Use 9"x12" sketchpad

b. HB pencil/s
c. Colored pens and pencils
d. Watercolor

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Significance
The mosque is an example of the mud-brick construction of the region. Typical of the Dyula mosques, the building does not have a courtyard. The flat roof is
supported by clay piers and the structure contains numerous buttresses.

Selection Criteria
history of architecture

vi. to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal
significance
Color Code

SUBJECT

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 COLOR CODE
BS ARCH BS ARCH BS ARCH BS ARCH

2A 2B 2C 2D
HOA 2
Significance
The mosque is an example of the mud-brick construction of the region. Typical of the Dyula mosques, the building does not have a courtyard. The flat roof is
HOA 2 HOA 2
supported by clay piers and the structure contains numerous buttresses.
HOA 2
Selection Criteria
history of architecture

vi. to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal
significance

ROMANESQUE
GOTHIC
RENAISSANCE
18TH - 19TH C.: REVIVAL
20TH C.: MODERN
 Guidelines for Submission of Plates
1. Refer to Drawing Schedule for due dates of each Plates
2. Prepare to take a photo/scan of your finished/ completed Plate (whole paper)
3. Required format .jpeg
4. Rename photo: Program/Section, Course, Plate No., Last Name, First Name
(example below)
Significance
BSARCH3A_HOA134_P1_DELACRUZ_JUAN
The mosque is an example of the mud-brick construction of the region. Typical of the Dyula mosques, the building does not have a courtyard. The flat roof is
supported by clay piers and the structure contains numerous buttresses.

Selection Criteria
history of architecture

vi. to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal
significance

5. Click "Classwork" from Google Classroom.com

6. Click "View assignment" from WEEKLY topic/ module assigned
7. From "Your Work" + Add or create, File (to upload photo of your Plate)
8. Click "Turn in" for final submission
9. Submit
ISLAMIC
photo on or before due date
INDIAN
SRI LANKA
BURMA, CAMBODIA,
THAILAND
CHINESE
JAPANESE
 Guidelines for Submission of Plates
10. Every end of MODULE basis for deadline of delivery of compiled Plates.
11. Submit package on or before due date.
12. Prepare Plates for package delivery through courier.
13. Securely seal your package.
14. Shouldn't have tears, rips, bends, or other damage upon delivery.
Significance
The mosque 15. Properly label your package (example below)of the Dyula mosques, the building does not have a courtyard. The flat roof is
is an example of the mud-brick construction of the region. Typical
supported by clay piers and the structure contains numerous buttresses.
Sender: JUAN DELA CRUZ
FLORENTINO ST., BRGY I, Selection Criteria
history of architecture

vi. to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal
VIGAN CITY, ILOCOS SUR significance
+63 9088000000
Receiver: CHRISTIAN NICO R. PILOTIN
2F JUAN LUNA HALL BLDG, UNIV. OF NORTHERN PHILS, TAMAG,
VIGAN CITY 2700
+63 9063939294

ISLAMIC

INDIAN
SRI LANKA
BURMA, CAMBODIA,
THAILAND
CHINESE
JAPANESE