The history of the Internet began in the 1960s when the United States Department of Defense

initiated the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) project to develop a
secure, decentralized communications network among government-funded researchers and
universities. Its main purpose is to enable researchers to share data and computing resources.

In 1971, Ray Tomlinson created the first e-mail program and in the same year, the first inter-
network between the University of California and Stanford was implemented.

In 1983, the ARPANET switched to the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol) protocol, which became the basis of what we now know as the Internet. That same
year, the first domain name, Symbolics.com, was created.

In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee, a computer scientist at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear
Research), created the World Wide Web (WWW) and developed the HTML (Hypertext
Markup Language) markup language and the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP).

In 1993, the first web browser, Mosaic, was developed by the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and became popular worldwide.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the Internet grew in popularity and was widely adopted by
the general public. During this period, many well-known Internet companies such as Google,
Amazon, eBay and Facebook were founded.

Now, the Internet has become a vital infrastructure for modern life. There are more than 4
billion Internet users worldwide, and the Internet plays an important role in global commerce,
education, entertainment and communications.