Kovtun Diana PhEb -1-20 17.09.

2022

LORD OF THE FLIES

by W. Golding
Assignment # 1
Chapter I. “The Sound of the Shell”
Ex. 1. Learn the pronunciation of the underlined words and be ready to explain their meaning:

 Lagoon /ləˈɡuːn/- a lake of salt water that is separated from the sea by a reef or an area of rock or sand
 Echo (echoed) /ˈekəʊ/ - if a sound echoes, it is reflected off a wall, the side of a mountain, etc. so that you can hear it again
 Adolescence /ˌædəˈlesns/ - the time in a person’s life when they develop from a child into an adult (юність, молодість)
 Typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ - a violent tropical storm with very strong winds
 Rescue /ˈreskjuː/- to save somebody/something from a dangerous or harmful situation
 Conch /kɑːŋk/, /kɑːntʃ/ - the shell of a sea creature that is also called a conch.
 Obedience /əˈbiːdiəns/ - the fact of doing what you are told to do or of being willing to obey (слухняність, покірність)
 Descent /dɪˈsent/ - 1. an action of coming or going down, 2. a slope going downwards (спуск; схил)
 Choir /ˈkwaɪər/ - a group of people who sing together, for example in church services or public performances
 Mirage (s) /məˈrɑːʒ/ - an effect caused by hot air in deserts or on roads, that makes you think you can see something, such as water, which is not there
 Wacco - British slang words from the 1950s for great or cool.
 Exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ - very tired.
 Aquarium /əˈkweriəm/ - a large glass container in which fish and other water creatures and plants are kept.
Ex3. Give English equivalents to the following verbs of motion:

 Пробиратися – to edge along - to move somewhere slowly, carefully, and with small movements, or to make something do this.
 дертися – to clamber /ˈklæmbə(r)/ - to climb or move with difficulty or a lot of effort, using your hands and feet
 попрямувати - to pick one`s way toward - to walk very slowly while carefully choosing where to put one's feet
 перелізти через що-небудь – to scramble over something - to move quickly, especially with difficulty, using your hands to help you [Example: She managed to
scramble over the wall]
 поспішити куди-небудь – to hasten /ˈheɪsn/ - to go or move somewhere quickly
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 йти навшпиньки – to tiptoe - /ˈtɪptəʊ/- to walk using the front parts of your feet only, so that other people cannot hear you
 дріботіти – to scurry - /ˈskʌri/ - to run with quick short steps
 кинутися вперед – to jerk - to move or to make something move with a sudden short sharp movement
Ex.4 Give character sketches of Ralph, Piggy and Jack. Prepare a list of key- words for each sketch.
Piggy remains an outsider and a victim throughout the novel, though Ralph does come to respect him. There are many things that mark Piggy out as "different". He comes from
a lower social class than the others and has been brought up by an auntie. He wears glasses, is fat, has asthma and seems to be a bit lazy.
Piggy seems to come from a lower social class than the other boys but he is more thoughtful and mature than his companions. He uses rational thinking to come to conclusions
and very soon realises that without adults the boys are in danger of becoming uncivilised and that they will need leadership, rules and organisation.
Key words:

 Outsider: “Piggy saw the smile and misinterpreted it as friendliness. There had grown up tacitly among the biguns the opinion that Piggy was an outsider, not only by
accent, which did not matter, but by fat, and ass-mar, and specs, and a certain disinclination for manual labour.”
 Rational: "Life," said Piggy expansively, "is scientific, that's what it is. In a year or two when the war's over they'll be travelling to Mars and back. I know there isn't no
beast - not with claws and all that, I mean but I know there isn't no fear, either."
 Organizer: “Piggy lost his temper. "I got the conch! Just you listen! The first thing we ought to have made was shelters down there by the beach…how can you expect to
be rescued if you don't put first things first and act proper?"
Ralph is one of the oldest boys and is quickly elected as Chief. He is generally fair-minded and decisive. He listens to others but takes control when necessary. Something deep
in Ralph spoke for him. Ralph has fair hair, is described as 'attractive' and has a degree of natural charisma. He has qualities of natural leadership such as bravery, fairness and a
sense of justice so it is not surprising when he is elected to lead the others.
Key words:

 Leadership: “Something deep in Ralph spoke for him. "I'm chief. I'll go. Don't argue..." He found his voice tended either to disappear or to come out too loud. He looked
at Jack”
 Charismatic: “You could see now that he might make a boxer, as far as width and heaviness of shoulders went, but there was a mildness about his mouth and eyes that
proclaimed no devil.”
 Organized: “The time had come for the assembly and as he walked into the concealing splendours of the sunlight he went carefully over the points of his speech... This
meeting must not be fun but be business.”
 Civilized: “Once, following his father from Chatham to Devonport, they had lived in a cottage on the edge of the moors... Mummy had still been with them and Daddy
had come home every day. Wild ponies came to the stone wall at the bottom of the garden, and it had snowed.”
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Jack is a natural born leader, and he knows how to get people on his side. The strong-willed, egomaniacal Jack is the novel's primary representative of the instinct of savagery,
violence, and the desire for power—in short, the antithesis of Ralph. From the beginning of the novel, Jack desires power above all other things. Jack is clearly used to getting
his own way and is a bully - he uses verbal and physical violence when necessary. It is noteworthy that Jack has a knife with him which he produces in one of the first
conversations with Ralph.
Key words:

 Savage: “He began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling. He capered toward Bill, and the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid,
liberated from shame and self-consciousness.”
 Rule-breaker: “"The rules!" shouted Ralph. "You're breaking the rules!" "Who cares?" Ralph summoned his wits. "Because the rules are the only thing we've got!"
 Tyrant: “Power lay in the brown swell of his forearms: authority sat on his shoulder and chattered in his ear like an ape. "All sit down." The boys ranged themselves in
rows on the grass before him...and pointed at them with the spear. "Who's going to join my tribe?"
“tall, thin, and bony; and his hair was red beneath the black cap. His face was crumpled and freckled, and ugly without silliness. Out of this face stared two light blue
eyes, frustrated now, and turning, or ready to turn, to anger.”
Ex6. Make list of nouns used to describe the island.
Lagoon, screen, scar, jungle, shore, trees, coconuts, saplings, water, trunk, sea, reef, heat, beach, sand, forest, shade, creeper, raindrop, bird, undergrowth, twigs, terrace, soil,
grass, palms, coolness, platform, weed, coral, granite, beach pool, ledge, breezes, sunlight, shell, conch, mirages, mountain, rock, cliff, pinkness, crag, track, plant, plunge,
foliage, slope, defile, stones, steep, boat, tide, gash, drag, flowers, bushes.
Ex7. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:

 He had taken off his school sweater.

 The fair boy was peering at the reef through screwed-up eyes.

 The shore was fledged with palm trees.

 Ralph shrieked with laughter.

 Ralph inspected the whole thirty yards carefully and then plunged in
Ex8. Topic for discussion.
 When does the action take place? How can you prove it?
Lord of the Flies takes place on an unnamed, uninhabited tropical island in the Pacific Ocean during a fictional worldwide war around the year 1950.
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Golding’s Lord of the Flies takes place on a tropical island of which the author never gave an exact location.[5] Probably it is somewhere in the Pacific or Indian Ocean.
The location of the island is vague because for the reader it is only important to know that a group of English school boys between the ages of six and twelve are stranded
on an island with no adult control anywhere about. They now have to build up their own society.[6] According to Monteith, the setting was more explicit in Golding’s
first draft, but in order to make the novel more interesting and to emphasize its fabulist character, Golding’s editors shortened some passages.[7] Consequently, the
setting in Lord of the Flies is less used to create a mood but to put the characters into a particular situation.[8] In addition to that, the fable’s setting has been chosen in the
tradition of the island adventure story that stretches back to Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719), Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island (1883), and Ballantyne’s
Coral Island. According to the Internet, Golding parodied the central plot and theme of the latter:
In Coral Island, two British schoolboys, Ralph, Jack and an Australian boy, Peterkin, are marooned on a desert island. They encounter adventures with cannibals, pirates,
wild animals etc. and come through the adventure bravely and successfully because they are British. Whilst Golding uses a similar idea and even uses the same names for
the two main characters, his vision of how British schoolboys would have behaved in these circumstances is very different to that of Ballantyne.[9]
On page twenty- nine of the novel it is stated that “the island [is] roughly boat- shaped”. This is ironic in so far as the boys are trapped on an island that constantly
reminds them of a chance for a rescue that does not come for a long time. The island as such is a good place. It provides fresh water, fruits from various plants and meat
from wild pigs. By choosing this paradise-like setting Golding shows that it is not their surrounding but humans’ fault that leads later on to the breakdown of their
civilization. In addition to that, the island could symbolize humans’ self-destruction as well as the destruction of the planet earth as the boys kill each other and set the
island on fire.
 How did the members of the choir differ from the other boys?
The arrival of the choir is quite different from the images already created of boys randomly wandering around and having no direction. The choir robe over similar
shirt/shorts stands for any type of uniform. The choirboys carried garments in their hands and each had a square black cap with a badge and a black cloak.
 Why was Ralph elected chief?
Ralph was close enough to the boys' recollection of adult authority to give him the role of chief. Ralph was chosen as a chief because he was the one who blew the conch
that led them all together in the island. Ralph then organizes the boys and suggests that they decide on a chief. Ralph is chosen because, as Golding observes, “there was a
stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearance; and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch.
 What plan did he put forward?
Ralph declares that, at meetings, the conch shell will be used to determine which boy has the right to speak. Whoever holds the conch shell will speak, and the others will
listen silently until they receive the shell in their turn. Jack agrees with this idea.
 Why did Jack fail to stab the pig?
Jack is unable to stab the pig because he was not yet ready to experience the blood and take the life of another creature. "Because of the enormity of the knife descending
and cutting into living flesh; because of the unbearable blood."
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