3.

Progressivism

 Humans learn best in real-life activities with other people

 focuses on personal experiences, children’s interest and their needs.

 Emphasizes what is relevant to children, their interest is their centre point of

teaching/ child-centred, teacher’s role as a facilitator.

 Believe that students should be involved with real problems so that they gain
ownership to the problems, how they solve it and be able to develop their own theories.

 Students should be asked meaningful questions that make them creative and critical
thinkers.

The progressivism philosophy has a significant influence on curriculum in the present

educational system. Progressivism is a student-centered philosophy of education that emphasizes
individuality, progress, and change as fundamental to one's education. As a teacher’s role, the
center of their teaching and learning methods is the needs, experiences, interests, and abilities of
students. They make school interesting and useful by planning lessons that awaken the curiosity
of students. In connection with this, it can help them to actively learn, interact with one another,
and develop social qualities such as cooperation and imparting their different points of view.
Students solve problems in the classroom similar to those they will encounter and experience in
their everyday lives. The following pedagogies and pedagogical strategies are often considered
compatible with a progressive education philosophy: project-based learning, problem-based
learning, inquiry-based learning, service learning, student-centered learning, self-directed
learning, community-based learning, and cooperative learning. John Dewey, one of the biggest
supporters of progressivism, believed that a curriculum should be interdisciplinary, which allows
students to make connections between topics rather than learning in isolation. He also stressed
the role of democracy in the classroom, where students and teachers need to plan what will be
learned together. In summary, progressivism has influenced the present educational system by
promoting student-centered learning, interdisciplinary curricula, and problem-solving through
pedagogies such as project-based learning and inquiry-based learning.