p PLOSIVE Bilabial Voiceless During which During which During which the They do not have ASPIRATED: In initial

ey do not have ASPIRATED: In initial position in DEVOICING of /w,j,l,r/ due UNASPIRATED: UNRELEASED: In
t PLOSIVE Alveolar Voiceless the articulating lung action organs forming restricted a stressed syllable they released to aspiration: the sound is in weak or clusters of two
organs move compresses the obstruction occurrence because with aspiration. shown by placing the diacritic unaccented consecutive plosives or a
k PLOSIVE Velar Voiceless together to the air behind part rapidly they occur in all syllables, when plosive and an affricate,
form the the closure. allowing the positions. final
mark [ ˛ ] below it. they are preceded the first one is normally
obstruction. compressed air to plosive may be by /s/: unreleased. This is shown
escape abruptly released or by placing a little corner
b PLOSIVE Bilabial Voiced/Lenis with explosión. unreleased. - - - [˺ ]after the allophone of
d PLOSIVE Alveolar Voiced/Lenis - - - the consonant that is
unreleased.
g PLOSIVE Velar Voiced/Lenis - - -

f FRICATIVE Labio dental Voiceless The lower lip and upper teeth approximate to produce these sounds. The consonant sound in they does not occur in initial cluster.
The consonant sound in beige only occurs in initial and final position in French loan words (genre, gigolo, garage…)
v FRICATIVE Labio dental Voiced
/h/ does not occur in final position.
θ FRICATIVE Dental Voiceless The tip of the tongue approximates the upper teeth.
ð FRICATIVE Dental Voicelees
s FRICATIVE Alveolar Voiceless The tip and blade of the tongue articulate with the alveolar ridge
z FRICATIVE Alveolar Voiced
ʃ FRICATIVE Palato alvear Voiceless The tip and blade of the tongue articulate with the They do not occur
alveolar ridge, accompanied by a raising of the front in initial cluster.
ʒ FRICATIVE Palato alvear Voiced
of the tongue towards the hard palate
h FRICATIVE Glottal Voiceless Vocal chords form the stricture because the glottis is narrow. They produce
friction not vibration.
ʧ AFFRICATES Palato alvear Voiceless During which During which The separation of the organs is slow -
ʤ AFFRICATES Palato alvear Voiced the articulating lung action compared to that of a plosive, so that
organs move compresses friction is a characteristic second
together to the air behind element of the sound.
form the the closure.
obstruction

m NASAL Bilabial The upper and lower lips form a closure, the soft palate is lowered, adding the resonance of the nasal cavity to that of the pharynx and the mouth chamber closed by the lips

n NASAL Velar The tip and blade of the tongue forms a closure with the alveolar ridge, the soft palate is lowered and adds the resonance of the nasal cavity to that of the pharynx and of that part of the mouth
chamber behind the alveolar closure.
ŋ NASAL Velar A closure is formed in the mouth between the back of the tongue and the velum, the soft palate is lowered adding the resonance of the nasal cavity to that of the pharynx and that small part of
the mouth chamber behind the velar closure.
l LATERAL Alveolar Voiced: the only way for the air to escape is along the sides Occurs in all CLEAR [L]: The front of the DEVOICED CLEAR [L], DARK [ L ] The tip contact is made on the
Clear/Devoice of the tongue. positions. tongue is raised in the direction of which follows aspirated alveolar ridge, the front of the tongue is
d/Dark the hard palate at the same time voiceless plosives in accented somewhat depressed and the back raised in
as the tip contact is made. syllables. the direction of the soft palate.
occurs before vowels and /j/. It occurs before consonants.

w MEDIAN Bilabial-velar Voiced is produced by raising the back part of the tongue It never occurs in -
APPROXIMA Labio-velar towards the soft palate/velum while rounding the final position in a
NTS lips. It is devoiced following an aspirated plosive. Word.

r MEDIAN Post alveolar Voiced It is produced by holding the tip of the tongue in a “rhotic” or “non – RHOTIC DIALECTS: occurs in NON-RHOTIC OR “R-LESS”DIALECTS : The /r/ only occurs before vowel
APPROXIMA position near to the rear/back part of the alveolar rhotic” all positions in a word, both sounds. It only occurs in final position when it is followed by a word beginning
NTS ridge. The tip of the tongue may be slightly curled before vowels, before consonants by a vowel.
back. It is devoiced following an aspirated plosive. and in final position in a Word.

j MEDIAN Palatal Voiced It is produced by raising the front part of the tongue It never occurs in -
APPROXIMA towards the hard palate. Devoiced after an aspirated final position in a
NTS plosive. word.