PROBLEM SOLVING AND REASONING - BRYAN

What distinguishes humans from other animals is their cognitive prowess. Human beings possess a more
substantial brain housing a neocortex, which facilitates activities such as thinking, rationalizing, and
problem-solving. This cognitive capacity grants us a distinct advantage over other creatures.

(Each day, we encounter a multitude of obstacles and dilemmas that we endeavor to resolve using
various strategies. The human capacity for thought and logical reasoning serves as indispensable
instruments, enabling us not only to endure in the presence of adversity but also to lead purposeful
lives. These faculties empower us to effectively navigate the hurdles presented by life.)

What is the Reasoning? - RJ

In the realm of psychology, reasoning refers to the cognitive process by which individuals arrive at
judgments or make determinations. This encompasses the examination of how humans tackle challenges
and reach resolutions.

(Furthermore, the concept of reasoning extends beyond psychology and is explored in various other
disciplines including philosophy, science, literature, and logic. In our daily lives, people predominantly
employ two fundamental methods of reasoning: deductive and inductive reasoning.)

(THERE ARE 6 TYPES OF REASONING) JULIANA

  HOW DOES REASONING DEVELOP? JULIANA

(When someone begins the process of acquiring a new language, they need to engage their
abstract thinking abilities to connect sounds with concepts they already understand. As they
progress, they rely on enhanced critical thinking and logical skills to decode and communicate
with others through language. With time and experience, they further develop their critical
thinking abilities, incorporating logical reasoning into their linguistic endeavors.)

(THESE TWO ARE MOSTLY WELL-KNOWN METHODS IN TERMS OF REASONING) JEFF

INDUCTIVE REASONING -JEFF

Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning in which a general conclusion is inferred from a set
of specific observations or evidence. It involves making a probable or likely conclusion based on the
available evidence, but the conclusion is not necessarily certain.

**Example of Inductive Reasoning:**

Observation 1: Every time you have gone to the park, you have seen dogs playing there.

Observation 2: You visit the park today.

Conclusion: Therefore, it is likely that you will see dogs playing at the park today.

(In this example, the conclusion that you will likely see dogs playing at the park today is based
on the generalization drawn from past observations. Inductive reasoning allows us to make
generalizations or predictions based on observed patterns, but it does not guarantee absolute
certainty, as there could be exceptions.)

DEDUCTIVE REASONING -JEFF

Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a specific conclusion is drawn from a general
premise or set of premises. It involves moving from a general statement or principle to a specific
conclusion. The conclusion is certain if the premises are true.

**Example of Deductive Reasoning:**

Premise 1: All humans are mortal. (General Premise)

 Premise 2: Socrates is a human. (Specific Premise)

Conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

(In this example, the conclusion that Socrates is mortal is derived from the general premise
that all humans are mortal and the specific premise that Socrates is a human. Deductive reasoning
allows us to arrive at a logically certain conclusion based on the premises.)

In summary, deductive reasoning starts with a general premise and leads to a specific, certain
conclusion, while inductive reasoning starts with specific observations and leads to a general,
probabilistic conclusion. Both types of reasoning are important in different contexts, and they are used
to make sense of the world and draw logical conclusions.

 WHY IS REASONING IMPORTANT? -EL JI

Reasoning holds immense importance in various aspects of human life. It serves as the
foundation for problem-solving, critical thinking, and effective decision-making. Whether in
everyday situations or complex challenges, reasoning allows individuals to analyze information,
weigh options, and arrive at logical conclusions.

(Moreover, it is a fundamental skill in education, enabling students to grasp concepts, make

connections, and engage in analytical thinking. Clear and persuasive communication often
relies on well-reasoned arguments and explanations. )

 WHAT IS THE PROBLEM SOLVING? -EL JI

 KUTOB RA SA “IT INVOLVES ATTEMPTING TO COME UP WITH THE BEST SOLUTION TO ANY
PROBLEM.
 - ASKE

 ANG MEANING LNG DIRI NGA PART IS TAG USA RA KA SENTENCE AYAW NA KOPYAHA TANAN
MEANING BY EACH PROCESS.

-JULIANA

 COPY TANAN DIRI NGA PART

(Problem-solving concludes with the successful resolution of real-world problems, allowing individuals
or groups to move forward with their goals or tasks.)