IMPACT OF REPROGRAPHIC MACHINES ON JOB PERFORMANCE

OF OFFICE TECHNOLOGIST IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC MUBI

BY

HYELLACHARDARTI YUSUF
SCT/OTM/ND/20/039

DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, MUBI

NOVEMBER,2022

i
 TITTLE PAGE
IMPACT OF REPROGRAPHIC MACHINES ON JOB PERFORMANCE
OF OFFICE TECHNOLOGIST IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC MUBI

BY

HYELLACHARDARTI YUSUF
SCT/OTM/ND/20/039

BEING A RESEARCH WORK SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

OFFICE TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF
COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE

AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT

NOVEMBER,2022

ii
 APPROVAL PAGE
This research work has been read and approved by the Department of Office
Technology and Management, Federal Polytechnic Mubi in partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the award of National Diploma (NDII) in Office Technology
and Management.

APPROVED BY

_______________________ _________________________
Mrs. Chinenye Grace Daniel Date
(Project Supervisor)

_______________________ _________________________
Mrs. Naomi Ishidi Date
(Project Coordinator)

_____________________ _________________________
Mal. Habu Jingi Umar Date
(Head of Department)

iii
 CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this research work was carried out by Hyellachardarti Yusuf
SCT/OTM/ND/20/039 of the Department of Office Technology and Management,
Federal Polytechnic, Mubi and has certified the requirement for the award of
National Diploma Certificate in Office Technology and Management (OTM)
CERTIFIED BY:

_______________________ _________________________
Mrs. Chinenye Grace Daniel Date
(Project Supervisor)

_______________________ _________________________
Mrs. Naomi Ishidi, Date
(Project Coordinator)

_____________________ _________________________
Mal. Habu Jingi Umar Date
(Head of Department)

______________________ _________________________
(External Moderator) Date

iv
 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to Almighty God for giving me the power, strength and
ability to withstand all the stress through, during this programme, may his name be
exalted forever. Also to my parents Mr. Yusuf Usman and Mrs. Sarah Yusuf who
have always wished me success in life.

v
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to thank Almighty God for seeing me through the years of my academic
studies for his sustenance, grace, wisdom and protection over my life throughout
the period of my studies. My sincere appreciation goes to my supervisor Mrs.
Chinenye Grace Daniel she is not only a supervisor but also a mother and a mentor
to me her advice and wise words were grate help and pillar of support to me during
the course of this project work.
I wish to acknowledge the head of the department Mal. Habu Jingi Umar and the
departmental Project Coordinator in person of Mrs. Naomi Ishidi, am grateful to all
the staffs of the department of Office Technology and Management they
contributed in one way or the order for the success of this project work.
I would like to extend my special appreciation to my parents Mr. Yusuf Usman and
Mrs. Sarah Yusuf for their love, care and support. To my cosine brother Hyellda
Ishaya, my Big Sister; Sussana, my younger brother; Jessy ,I say a big thank you
for your support and prayers during the period of my study and my able course
mates.
Finally, I am indebted to all the authors whose materials and books were used.

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 ABSTRACT

This project work is titled “IMPACT OF REPROGRAPHIC MACHINES

ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE TECHNOLOGIST" IN
FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC MUBI”. The objective of this study are to identify
the types of reprographic machines and their methods of usage, To know the
importance of the reprographic machines on the job performance of office
technologist, To identify some problems of the reprographic machines on the job
performance of office technologist and to suggest ways of solving the identified
problems. Mean statistical tool was used because of the descriptive nature of the
work. Base on the analysis, the following the following findings were made that:
Computer, Fax machine, Printer, etc. are the reprographic machines used by the
office technologist. Reprographic machines play very crucial parts; it saves time,
Comfortability, it minimizes labour etc. and also the research figure out that
inadequate power supply, lack of adequate trained office technologist and lack of
maintenance culture are the problems been faced by the office technologist. In
conclusion, one need to understand the efficiency of any office technologist lies
under the umbrella of available serviceable technologies, these technologies are
indispensable to the office technologist productivity. Based on the above findings,
the following recommendations were made that; Government should improve
power supply, similarly organization should buy standby generator/solar energy so
as to enhance the productivity of office technologist. Office technologist should try
and develop the habit of maintenance culture and also organization should employ
qualified technicians to repair machines whenever there is a breakdown.

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Table of content

1
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the present world today, the impact of the reprographic machines on the

productivity of an office technologist cannot be over emphasized as it has gone a

long way in aiding office technologist. For instance, fast changes have taken place

in all aspect of human life including the office environment. Have a thought about

how much of the printed information seen every day has been copied? Books,

magazines, newspaper, announcements, bills, all are copies of one kind or another,

they are reproduced. Even telephone bills is a reproduced form that has been

individualized by adding name, address, phone number, and charges for the month.

According to Sharon (1992), reprographic is the process of producing one or more

copies of graphic or written material. The word covers several different

technologies, including photocopying, phototypesetting, offset printing and

duplicating. Reprographic can also be the production of the printed document such

as handwritten, document, chart, drawing, designs and graphics just in other to

make work easy for the office technologist.

Now, with the help of reprographic machines the office technologist find it very

easy to work very effectively without undergoing a lot of stress and even the

organization work will move effectively.

2
Thus, it is in the light of the above, that this work focused on the impact of

reprographic machines on the job performance of office technologist as an

enhancement for technological practice. The work will identify and discuss some

of the reprographic machines used in various offices today, especially in Federal

Polytechnic Mubi.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

From the meaning of reprographic and the method used in production, it has been

noted that the average performance of the reprographic machines are not

satisfactory to all office technologist and with this, it has led to the poor

maintenance of the machines and it has continue to affect the flow of work and

office technologist effectiveness.

Some of the problems are that most of the office technologists lack maintenance

culture, method of operating some of these reprographic machines, lack of spare

parts of the reprographic machines, coupled with inadequate power supply. Base on

these challenges, the researcher intends to study the impact reprographic machines

on the Job Performance of office technologist and to proffer to the said challenges.

1.3 PURPOSE/ OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of the study is on impact of reprographic machines on the job

performance of office technologist and specific objectives are:

1. To identify the types of reprographic machines, and their methods of usage.

3
2. To know the importance of reprographic machines on the job performance of

Office Technologist.

3. Identify some problems of the reprographic machines on the job performance of

Office Technologist.

4. To suggest ways of solving the identified problems.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research work will serves as reference material to both student and staff who

maybe conducting further research or who may want to know more about

reprographic machines. It will also help the organization to know the importance of

these reprographic machines on the job performance of office technologist not only

to them but to the people who might go for further research and it will serve as a

reading material to the general public.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What are the types of reprographic machines and their methods of usage.

2. What are the importance of reprographic machines to the job performance of

office technologist?

3. What are the problems of reprographic machines on job performance of office

technologist?

4
4. What are the ways of solving the identify problems?

1.6 SCOPE/DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The research is limited to the impact of reprographic machines on the job

performance of office technologist in Federal Polytechnic Mubi

1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

In carrying out this work, quite a lot of obstacles were encountered by the

researcher such as time frame to carry out the research work which was as the

disposal of the researcher. The fact that the researcher was faced with class work

and this project work at the limited time, lack of available data and also financial

constraint is one of the obstacles the researcher encountered to go to the internet to

look for other materials for this research work.

For better understanding the following terms have been operationally defined.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. REPROGRAPHIC: This is the document produced by electronic techniques

2. MACHINES: These are equipment used to Facilitate work in the office and to

produce a better finished product.

3. OFFICE: A room in any organization or department where clerical work are

performed.

5
4. JOB: A task or piece of job, especially one that is been paid.

5. OFFICE TECHNOLOGIST: Means an expert in the use of modern

technologies.

6. PERFORMANCE: It is the way an employee performs a task assign to

him/her.

CHAPTER TWO
6
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter examines critically the various opinions expressed by different authors

from related literatures in books, internet and other related periodicals. The review

is made to give the framework to the concept under the study. The areas covered

includes conceptual framework to identify the various of the reprographic

machines, To know the importance of reprographic machines on the job

performance of office technologist, To identify the problems of reprographic

machines on the job performance of office technologist and to suggest ways of

solving the identified problems, and summary.

2.2 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS

Technology has played a vital role in our lives and also the society in many ways

and it makes learn very easy and also rising of our secretaries. Impact, including

the printing press and internet which lessen physical to communicate and allow

people to interact freely.

IMPACT

According to hornby (2015), impact is the action of one object coming forcibly

into contact with another. According to wikipedia, impact is the force with which

one thing hits another or with which two objects collide. The researcher is of the

7
opinion that, impact is the process of getting force into one particular object to

hinder the other one.

REPROGRAPHIC MACHINE

According to wikipedia, reprographic machine is the process of reproducing

graphics through electrical or mechanical means such as photography or

xerography, and printing services are the biggest examples of business and

entities that make use of reprographic equipment. In the simplest term,

reprographic machine is the reproduction of visual elements such as graphic

images and even text document either as print or as digital data.

According to Techopedia, reprographic machine the reproduction and duplication

of visual materials such as document, drawing, images and the like through any

process that makes use of light.

The researcher viewed reprographic machine is a machine that helps in carrying

out work very effectively.

JOB PERFORMANCE

Job performance is a means to reach a goal or set of goals within a job, role or

organization (Campbell, 1990). On a very general level, job performance can be

8
defined as all the behaviour employees engage in while at work. Job performance

refers to how well someone performs at his/her work. Jex (2002).

According to Michael (2000), job performance is an act of carrying out a task or

an action for payment.

Job performance according to the researcher means how well a person or an

organization are able to carry out the task assigned to them perfectly.

OFFICE TECHNOLOGIST

Obadele(2004) stated that office technologist is a person who manages the work

in an organization. It can also be called the secretary which means the custodian of

information, model of modesty and also reservoir of ideas who passed through the

training in office practice and business courses. Okechukwu(2006) An office

technologist is an executive assistant that possesses a mastery of office skills, that

demonstrate the ability to work without direct supervision, who exercises

initiative and judgment and who makes decision within the scope his/her of

delegated authority.

According to the researcher, office technologist simply refers to someone who

have complete knowledge about technologies and also the ability to receive and

welcome visitors.

2.3 TYPES OF REPROGRAPHIC MACHINES AND THEIR METHOD OF

USEAGE

9
Reprographic machines simply mean machines that could be used to facilitate

operation. According to Thaddeus (2006), machine is anything that is automatic

or motorized, it is a mechanical device for the conversion of motion, and

machines are also equipment used to facilitate work in the office to produce a

better finish work.

is a structure fixed and moving parts for doing useful work. The tasks performed

by machines are accurate and neat, in fact machines helps to speed up the

technologist rate of production in the office, saves time and labour for the office

technologist and the organization at large. Some of these reprographic machines

commonly used in offices to enhance office technologist's performance include

the following;

1. PHOTOCOPYING MACHINE

most common method of reprographic machine used in offices is the

photocopying machine, for about 30 years, photocopiers have been used to

produce millions of copies every day. Photocopiers do not require a master to be

prepared or an operator to be specially trained. They are available in a variety of

models, each designed to serve certain reprographic needs ranging from making

an occasional copy or two of an original documents of making a few hundred

copies of a multi-page report.

10
This is an efficient and quick device for reproducing document. It enhances

technological practice. The machine does not make mistake but produced a

replicate of the original copy.

Agomu (2005) photocopying machine is capable of producing exact copy of a

document and the number of the copies can be produced as demanded by simple

setting the required figures on the dial, then the document will be rolling out.

Photocopying machine is very essential in the office and to produce with a limited

time, thus, save time. It is essential however that the work copied is clean and

clear from smack or system unit can be presented or smaller and errorless.

11
FUNCTIONS OF PHOTOCOPYING MACHINE

photocopying machine produces a coloured document

It can be used to produce copies of certificates, posters and text document.

It can be used to produce a multiple copy of document in the absent of printer.

2. PRINTER

Printer is also one of the reprographic machines that can be found in offices today.

It has also help in enhancing job performance of the office technologist. As a

matter of fact, not all office technologist hand writing are neat or clear, with the

help of a printer, information that has been processed by the system unit can be

presented or printed neatly on papers.

Leary (2004) view printer as a device that translates information, produces fast

and graphics on paper.

12
FUNCTIONS OF A PRINTER

1. It can be used to create an image directly on paper by spraying ink through tiny

nozzles.

2. It can be used for presenting of graphics and handout.

3. It can be used to print colour text document.

3. SCANNER

This is another machine that is very essential in technological practice. Abbayi H.A

(2002) defined scanner as a device used in capturing image and used light-sensing

equipment to translate images or text, drawing, photos, and the like into digital

forms.

The image, scanner is capable of converting any image into electronic Form by

striving light into the image by sensing the intensity of the reflection at every point.

It is useful because it translates printed image into an electronic format that can be

used, stored in a computer memory, you can then use the software to organize or

manipulate the electronic image.

13
FUNCTIONS OF A SCANNER

1. It can convert any image into an electronic form.

2. It can create an image from a page.

3. It can be used to scan a text document.

4. TELEPHONE

This system will connect the entire work in the office together and will have built

in the features which enable an individual to divert a call to a colleague.

Professionals might also use advanced cell phone such as iPhone device to while

away from their desk.

14
FUNCTIONS OF TELEPHONE

1. Telephone is used for transmitting voice messages.

2. It can be used for sending and receiving mails.

3. It can also be used for making transactions.

5. COMPUTER

Computer is one of the reprographic machines use in the office and its efficiency

is based on it's speed, accuracy, diligence and memory capability if properly

handed by it's user.

Joshua and Dajur (2013) stated that computer is an electronic device that operates

under control of instruction, stored in its memory, accept, inputs or data supplied

15
through an input device, processes the input or data into information which can be

stored in it's own memory for future use, or communicated to the user via an

available output device.

Hornby (2010) defined computer as an electronic machine that stores, organize

and find information, to calculate and control other machines. The computer

system is very essential in technological practice today. It is found in almost every

office of the technologist in Federal Polytechnic Mubi which serves as the focal

area of this study. A proper use or manipulation of a computer system by

technologist enhances their productivity, efficiency and accuracy as compared to

when a manual process is used. Today, office technologist find it easier to store

(file) and retrieve information via computer then stocking them in file cabinets

and shelves, with the intervention of computer, which come in different sizes on a

palmtop or even lap-top and traveled with it together with his boss unlike hand

written information or the ones produced by manual type-writer which may not be

easily corrected.

The technologist's information saved in the computer can be edited, corrected neatly

and effectively. In fact, one is amazed at how pervasive computer have become in

lives. In just a few short decades, they seem to be everywhere, from desktop to

curves. In fact any office without a computer should not be considered as a modern

office.

16
FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER

1. Computer helps in making all kinds of correction by editing, adding or deleting

character.

2. Computer also enable users to source out information from the internet.

3. It also helps in standard information and variable information stored in a

separate file to be merge together.

6. FAX MACHINE

According to Cuaming (2004), fax machine is a device that allows two or more

sheets to be electronically transmitted from one office to another

via telephone lines.

17
FUNCTIONS OF FAX MACHINE

1. Fax machine is used to send and receive document.

2. it is also used to scan images and send them as electronic signals over telephone

lines to a receiving fax machine which print out the image on a paper.

3. It enables one to send signals directly from computer to someone else fax

machine or computer.

2.4 IMPORTANCE OF REPROGRAPHIC MACHINES

According to Obadele (2003) stated that the office technologist role in handling the

reprographic machines at his/her disposal is to ensure their proper functioning by

maintaining and servicing them regularly to achieve great productivity and

efficiency. So the following are the benefit of reprographic machines on the job

performance of office technologist.

18
1. It Reduces Waste: without the reprographic machine it could have been

cumbersome and boring to perform some office duties. However reprographic

machines have brought relief to the effect as technologist can disseminate

information to many recipients in various location with the sue of gadgets such

as cell phone, e-mail, video call. Technologist no longer need to run around to

distribute letters and disseminate information as it could cause fatigue.

2. It Saves Time: Reprographic machines save time and energy. It enables office

technologist to perform voluminous task in the barest minimum time with little

or no human effort.

3. It Enhances Accuracy: The use of technologies in the office reduces the work

load of the office technologist in the situation were by making use of

correcting fluid and carbon paper, the technologist can use computer to edit

every word or work he or she want to edit. So with the use of reprographic

machine such errors are eliminated or minimized.

4. Comfortability: Reprographic machine plays a very important part because

with the help of these machine one can stay back at home and send a file to his

client or he can be very far from his place of work and something will be

needed at that moment, so with the use portable computers, fax machines and

various networks service to do a lot of work. Anywhere you are in the world,

office technologist can work in central office, from their homes, cars etc.

19
5. It Minimizes Labour: With the use of reprographic most of the task to be

performed by many office technologist work have lessen thereby avoiding many

work on a given task and reducing labour cost on the organization.

2.5 PROBLEMS OF REPROGRAPHIC MACHINES

Obadele (2007) lamented that despite the fact that technology is of great value to

secretarial profession, it is discovered that many office technologists are facing

problems with the technology development, some of the problems are;

1. Inadequate power supply: This has become of the major challenges to the

office technologist in Nigeria, and has Lack of Adequate Trained Office

technologist on how to operate these Reprographic machines.

2. Lack of Maintenance Culture: Technologies need constant maintenance to

aid the secretary's performance. The machines need to be handled with care.

3. High Cost of Spare Parts: Some organization cannot afford some of the spare

part of these machines when they develop fault, because they are very

expensive and this has posed serious problem to the office technologist.

4. Lack of Technological Know-How on the Repair of the Reprographic

Machines: Regular minor maintenance could be done by the secretary, if

major problem occur, the organization should employ the service of a trained

technician to rectify the problem.

2.6 WAYS OF SOLVING THE IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS

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Anthony and Dajur (2010) agreed that reprographic machines are very crucial in

facilitating office/business operation, but just because technology is dynamic and

very crucial, does not automatically mean that they are better off because of it, they

depend on being able to use the technology to be productive. The innovation of

reprographic machines demands new attitudes, knowledge, skill and development

of new professionals and intellectual concept in order to enhance office technologist

performance and make the profession more relevant.

1. Government should improve power supply, similarly organization should buy

standby generators/solar so as to enhance the productivity of office technologist.

2. Office technologist should try and develop the habit of maintenance culture.

3. Government should subsidize the price of spare part so that it can be affordable.

4. Organization should employ qualified technicians to repair machines whenever

there is break down.

5. Organization should send their office technologist for further training so as to

acquire more skills.

2.7 SUMARRY

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To survey the literature on its positive effects to enhance effective job

performance, a number of selected features were discussed by the researcher

which has substantive influence on the understanding of this research work.

This chapter explains the types of reprographic machines and their method of

operation, the importance of reprographic machines, such as for copying incoming

letters, for purchasing orders and sales invoice system, for documentation. The

problems of reprographic machines were also discussed in this chapter, which are

lack of trained man power to operate the new technologies, inadequate power

supply, lack of technological know-how on the repair of the technology. Some of

the various ways of solving the identified problems were also discussed such as

Organization should send their office technologist for further training so as to

acquire more skills, office technologist should try and develop the habit of

maintenance culture and organization should employ qualified technicians to

repair machines whenever it breaks down.

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 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Methodology

This chapter contains information on research designs, population, sample

population, method of data collection, validity of the instrument, method of data

analysis and decision rule.

3.2 Research Design

The research design for this. research work was survey method because of the

descriptive nature of the study in order to get the information on this research

topic.

3.3 Population

The population of this research comprised the entire office technologist in Federal

Polytechnic, Mubi which are seventy-four (74) in numbers.

3.4 Sample Population

As a result of the small size of the population, the researcher had decided to use

the whole seventy-four (74) office technologist in Federal Polytechnic Mubi.

23
3.5 Instrumentation

The data for the research work was collected using a twenty (20) items self-

developed questionnaire titled "impact of reprographic machines on the job

performance of office technologist in an organization".

3.6 Validity of the instrument

To ensure the validity of the instrument, the questionnaire was given to the

supervisor and three other professional staff within the department of office

technology and management, Federal Polytechnic Mubi for face and content

validity.

3.7 Method of Data Collection

Data for this research work was collected using primary and secondary sources of

data. The primary source include questionnaire which where personally distributed

by the researcher and collected for analysis and observation. The secondary source

includes textbooks, internet and journals.

3.8 Method of Data Analysis

The data collected for this research work were analyzed using descriptive statistics

of mean to answer the research question posed due to descriptive nature of the

research. The mean formula is:

Where;

24
Mean = Summation

f = frequency of observations

x - assigned /nominal value

N = Number of respondents

3.9 Decision Rule

The decision rule adopted for this study was that any mean between 3.5 to

5.0 is accepted as having effect on research topic, while a mean of between

1.00 to 3.49 will be regarded as unaccepted and not having any effect on the

research topic.

25
 CHAPTER FOUR

INTRODUCTION

4.0 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter deals with data presentation and analysis in relation to the research

question. The data were analysed with the use of statistical techniques such as mean

score.

4.1 SUMMARY OF QUESTIONNAIRS DISTRIBUTED

As stated earlier in chapter three the total number of sixty eight (68) questionnaire

were administered and distributed to the office technologist of Federal Polytechnic

Mubi, and sixty-eight (68) were filled and returned representing 100%.

26
4.2 ANSWERING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

RESEARCH QUESTION ONE: What are the types of reprographic machines

used by the office technologist?

Table 1

STATEMENT S A UD SD D ∑F N X REMARKS
A 4 3 2 1 X
5
1 Photocopier is a 30 28 7 2 1 288 68 4.2 Agreed
reprographic machine
that increases quality
of the office
technologist job
performance.
2 Printer is also a 35 28 4 1 0 301 68 4.4 Agreed
reprographic machine
that further improves
the quality of a good
technological practice.
3 Scanner is another 30 32 5 0 1 294 68 4.3 Agreed
machine that enhances
technological practice
4 Computer is one of the 40 20 6 1 1 301 68 4.4 Agreed
essential machines
used to enhance office
technological duties
today.
5 Fax machine is also 30 37 1 0 0 301 68 4.4 Agreed
one of the machines
used by the office
technologist.
21.7=4.3
Source: field survey (2022), Average mean (x) = 5

27
Table one above shows that the respondents agreed that photocopier is one of the

most frequent used technologies by office technologist with the mean score of 4.2.

Statement two scored a mean score of 4.4 which proved that printer is another

indispensable machine used by the office technologist for bringing out document

the way it is.

The respondents also agreed in statement three with a mean score of 4.3 that

scanner is also one the technologies used by the office technologist. So also, the

mean score of 4.4 revealed that computer is one of the technologies for sending and

receiving of information or electronic ways. In statement five, which scored a mean

of 4.4 the respondents agreed that fax machine assists office technologist in

performing duties and its use should be encouraged. From the total above, the

respondents accepted all the statement which shows that they agreed with all

options given by the researcher with the average mean of 4.3.

28
RESEARCH QUESTION TWO: What are the importance of reprographic

machines to the job performance of office technologist?

Table 2

STATEMENT S A UD SD D ∑F N X REMARKS
A 4 3 2 1 X
5
1 It reduces fatique 25 35 5 2 1 285 68 4.2 Agreed
2 It saves time 38 20 10 0 0 300 68 4.4 Agreed
3 It enhances accuracy 30 20 10 5 3 273 68 4.0 Agreed
4 Comfortability 30 30 6 2 0 292 68 4.3 Agreed
5 It minimizes labour 25 30 10 2 1 280 68 4.1 Agreed
cost
21.2=4.2
Source: field survey (2022), Average mean (x) = 5

The respondents have the average mean score of 4.2 which suggest that

reprographic machines save time and energy. Statement two score a mean response

of 4.4 which proved that the use of reprographic machines in the office reduces the

work load of the office technologist. With the mean score of 4.0, the respondents

agreed that technologies enhance accuracy of the office technologist. The

respondents agreed that Comfortability is also of the importance of reprographic

machines to a technologist with the mean score of 4.3. Statement five scored a

mean reference of 4.1 with a prove that without reprographic machines it will be

very cumbersome to perform some certain duties.

29
The respondents is in agreement with the researcher that the statement above are

welcoming ideas to the importance of office technologist, with the average mean

score of 4.2.

30
RESEARCH QUESTION THREE: what are the problems pf reprographic

machines on the job performance of office technologist?

Table 3

STATEMENT S A UD SD D ∑F N X REMARKS
A 4 3 2 1 X
5
1 Inadequate power 25 35 5 2 1 285 68 4.2 Agreed
supply is one of the
challenges of modern
technologist faced by
office technologist on
how to operate these
office technologies.
2 Lack of trained office 38 20 10 0 0 300 68 4.4 Agreed
technologies on how
to operate these
technologies
3 Lack of maintenance 30 20 10 5 3 273 68 4.0 Agreed
culture by the office
technologist is a
problem
4 High cost of spare 30 30 6 2 0 292 68 4.3 Agreed
parts is another
challenges faced by
the office technologist
in today’s office
5 Lack of technological 25 30 10 2 1 280 68 4.1 Agreed
know-how on the
repair of reprographic
machines
21.2=4.2
Source: field survey (2022), Average mean (x) = 5

From the above table, the respondent have a mean score of 4.2 in the statement

one which suggests that the problem of these technologies is inadequate power

31
supply, is one of the challenges that the office technologist are facing in the

organization. Statement two scored a mean response of 4.4 which prove that lack

of adequate trained technologist on how to operate these office technologies is a

problem also.

In the vein, item three scored a mean response of 4.0 which prove that lack of

maintenance culture by some of the office technologist is another case.

Furthermore, the respondents agreed in item four with a mean response of 4.3

which agreed that high cost of spare parts is another challenge faced by the office

technologist in today's office. While item five scored a mean response of 4.1 with

the prove that lack of technological know-how on the repair of reprographic

machines is also a problem.

From the table above, the respondents accepted the options as suggested by the

researcher with the average mean score of 4.2.

32
RESEARCH QUESTION: what are the ways of solving the identified problems?

Table 4

STATEMENT S A UD SD D ∑F N X REMARKS
A 4 3 2 1 X
5
1 Government should 38 20 10 0 0 300 68 4.4 Agreed
improve power
supply, similarly
organization should
buy standby generator
solar energy so as to
enhance productivity
of office technologist.
2 Management should 25 35 5 2 1 285 68 4.2 Agreed
send their office
technologist for
training in order to
gain knowledge on
how to use the
reprographic machines
3 Office technologist 30 30 6 2 0 292 68 4.3 Agreed
should try and develop
the habit of
maintenance culture
4 Government should 30 20 10 5 3 273 68 4.0 Agreed
subsidize the price of
spare parts so that it
can be affordable
5 Organization should 25 30 10 2 1 280 68 4.1 Agreed
employ qualified
technicians to repair

33
 machines whenever
there is a breakdown.
21.2=4.2
Source: field survey (2022), Average mean (x) = 5

From the table above, the respondents with a mean score of 4.4, in item one

suggests that constant power supply should be provided by the organization for the

office technologist to carry out their job effectively. While item two scored a mean

response of 4.2 which suggests that management should send their office

technologist for training in order to gain adequate knowledge on how to use the

reprographic machines.

Item three scored mean response of 4.3 with the prove that office technologist

should try and develop the habit of maintenance culture.

Furthermore, the respondents in item four agreed with a mean score of 4.0 which

stated that government should subsidize the price of spare part, so that it can be

affordable. Respondents in item five also agreed with a mean score of 4.1 which

proved that organization should employ qualified. Technicians to repair machines

whenever there is a breakdown.

From the table above, the respondents accepted the statement which show that they

agreed with all options given by the researcher with the average means of 4.2.

4.3 SUMMARY OF FINDING

34
Based on data analysed, presented and interested in accordance with response of

respondents to the question, the following are the finding of the research work,

That the advent of reprographic machines has enhanced the productivity of the

office technologist. With these technologies, time and cost are effectively managed.

That lack of proper maintenance of this reprographic machine reduces their life

span which may also affect the job performance of the office technologist in office

functions. The inadequate power supply in an organization may affect the job

performance of office technologist thereby making, work difficult and waste of

time. That the use of reprographic machines by the office technologist who have

not obtained the skills and experience on how to operate these reprographic can

lead to the destruction of the technologies which can affect their full secretarial

practice.

35
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY

This research work was centered on the Impact of Reprographic Machines on the

Job Performance of Office Technologist in Federal Polytechnic, Mubi. Some

objectives of the studies are, to identify the types of reprographic machine, to

know the importance of the reprographic machines, to identify the problems

36
associate with the reprographic machined and to suggest ways of identified

problems.

Literature review was done using primary and secondary source of data. The

sample population for the study was all of the 68 office technologist (secretary) of

Federal Polytechnic Mubi, because of the small size of the population. The

methodology adopted for the research was the survey method. The method was

thought appropriate because the options of the respondent were needed to resolve

the problems at hand.

A five scale was used to present the data collected while the mean statistical tool

was used to analysed the data in order to enhance the understanding of the

prospective readers. The major findings of the research were also presented

together with well thought conclusion.

5.2 CONCLUSION

After going through the research work, one needs to understand that the efficiency

of any office technologist lies under the umbrella of available serviceable

technologies that the organization has, these technologies are indispensable

machines to the office technologist.

A good office technologist should be exposed to the use of various reprographic

machines so that he/she can compete favourable in the labour market. Office

worker may be delayed as a result of power failure and as such, there should be

37
standby generators/solar energy so as to enhance the productivity of office

technologist.

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the conclusion drawn from the summary of findings and conclusion, the

following recommendations were made:

1. Government should improve power supply, similarly organization should buy

standby generator/solar energy so as to enhance the productivity of office

technologist.

2. Organization should send their office technologist for further training so as to

acquire more skills.

3. Office technologist should try and develop the habit of maintenance culture.

Government should subsidize the price of spare part so that it can be affordable.

4. Organization should employ qualified technicians to repair machines whenever

there is a break down.

5.4 AREAS FOR FURTHER STUDIES

Due to limitation of time and financial constraint, the researcher was not able to

carry out all the necessary findings for this research work.

Therefore, the researcher suggests that further research should be conducted on:

1. The impact of reprographic machines on the office technologist job

performance.

38
2. The implication of reprographic machines on training of office technologist.

3. Effect of non-availability of office technologies in the contemporary office

situation.

REFERENCES

Agomuo, E.E (2005) office technology 1st edition Lagos university press ltd.

Abbayi, H.A (2002) office technology history.

Comstalls, L. (2004) computer and data processing: concept and allocation New

York, West publishers.

Commings D.(2004) office practice made easy 6th Edition, London macmillan

Publishing company.

Hornby, U.S (2005) oxford advance learners dictionary of current English

Published by oxford university press.

Obadele A.(2004) office technology timeline history of the secretarial profession.

Ukonu, E. (2009) the role of ICT in modern offices. A paper presented in office

technology and management Federal Polytechnic Mubi.

39
http://www.reference.com/business finance.

APPENDIX I

Department of Office Technology

and
Management,
Federal Polytechnic Mubi, P.M.B 35
Mubi
Adamawa State.

…………………………… 16th November, 2022

………………………….
……………………………..

Dear Sir/Madam,

VALIDATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE

I am a National Diploma Il (ND Il) final year student of the above mentioned
department writing a research work on the topic “IMPACT OF

40
REPROGRAPHIC MACHINES ON JOB PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE
TECHNOLOGIST” IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, MUBI

You are please required to validate the enclosed questionnaire ensuring face and
content validity. All information supplied by you will be treated with strict
confidence and used for the research purpose only.
Thank you in anticipation for your co-operation.

Yours Faithfully,

(Signed)
Hyellachardarti Yusuf
SCT/OTM/ND/20/039
(Researcher

PURPOSE/ OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of the study is on impact of reprographic machines on the job
performance of office technologist and specific objectives are:
1. To identify the types reprographic machines, and their methods of usage.

2. To know the importance of reprographic machines on the job performance of

office technologist.

3. Identify problems of the reprographic machines on the job performance of

office technologist.

4. To suggest ways of solving the identified problems.

41
 APPENDIX II

Department of Office Technology

and
Management,
Federal Polytechnic Mubi, P.M.B 35
Mubi
Adamawa State.
………………………….
………………………… 16th November, 2022
…………………………

Dear respondent,
FILLING OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE

I am a National Diploma II (ND Il) final year student of the above mentioned
department writing a research work on the topic "IMPACT OF
42
REPROGRAPHIC MACHINES ON THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF
OFFICE TECHNOLOGIST” IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, MUBI.

You are please required to complete the attached questionnaire to the best
of your knowledge/ability.
I can assure you that, all information you supplied would be treated with
strict confidentiality and used for the research purpose only.
Thanks in anticipation for your usual cooperation.

Yours Faithfully,

(Signed)

Hyellachardarti Yusuf
SCT/OTM/ND/20/039
(Researcher)

RESEARCH ON: "IMPACT OF REPROGRAPHIC MACHINES ON

THE JOB PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE TECHNOLOGIST" (In Federal
Polytechnic, Mubi).
SECTION A: Demographic data (personal information)
Name of organization……………………………………..

Rank/position………………………………………………

Educational qualification…………………………………...

Years of working experience……………………………….

SECTION B
Please tick (√) appropriately the response that best agrees with your understanding
of the question/statement posed, the key to the response category is shown below:

43
 s/no Response/variable Codes Assigned values
1 Strongly agreed SA 5
2 Agreed A 4
3 Undecided UD 3
4 Disagreed D 2
5 Strongly disagreed SD 1

RESEARCH QUESTION ONE: what are the types of reprographic machines

used by the office technologist?
S/N ITEMS SA A UD D SD
1 Photocopier is a reprographic machine that increases
quality of the office technologist job performance
2 Printer is also a reprographic machine that further
improves the quality of a good technological practice
3 Scanner is another machine that enhances
technological practice in the office
4 Computer is one of reprographic machines used to
enhance office technologist duties today.
5 Fax machine is among the machine office
technologist use to perform office work.

44
RESEARCH QUESTION TWO: what are the importance of reprographic
machines to the job performance of office technologist?
S/N ITEMS SA A UD D SD
1 It reduces fatigue
2 It saves time
3 It enhances accuracy
4 Comfortability
5 It minimizes labour cost

45
RESEARCH QUESTION THREE: what are the problems of reprographic
machines on the job performance of office technologist?
S/N ITEMS SA A UD D SD
1 Inadequate power supply is one of the challenges of
modern technologist faced by office technologist on
how to operate these office technologies
2 Lack of trained office technologies on how to
operate these office technologies.
3 Lack of maintenance culture by the office
technologist is a problem
4 High cost of spare parts is another challenges faced
by the office technologist in today’s office.
5 Lack of technological know-how on the repair of
reprographic machines.

46
RESEARCH QUESTION FOUR: what are the ways of solving the identified
problems?
S/N ITEMS SA A UD D SD
1 Government should improve power supply,
similarly organization should buy standby
generator solar energy so as to enhance
productivity of office technologist.
2 Management should send their office technologist
for training in order to gain knowledge on how to
use the reprographic machines.
3 Office technologist should try and develop the
habit of maintenance culture
4 Government should subsidize the price of spare
parts so that it can affordable
5 Organization should employ qualified technicians

47
to repair machines whenever there is a break down.

48