Sample Questions Paper

1. State the advantages of HVDC transmission over EHVAC transmission for bulk
power transmission.
2. Give a neat sketch of different HVDC links. Why is bipolar line more commonly
used?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of homopolar HVDC links over other
types of links.
4. Discuss the different factors that favour DC transmission.
5. Explain in details the superiority of technical performance of HVDC lines to that of
EHVAC lines.
6. With a neat schematic diagram, state the various apparatus required for HVDC station
and explain the purpose of each.
7. What are the limitation of a DC line ? How have these limitations been surmounted in
modern HVDC lines?
8. Compare the performance of EHVAC link with HVDC link for (i) equal voltage
(insulation level) and (ii) equal power losses.
9. Calculate the secondary line voltage of the transformer for 3-phase bridge rectifier to
provide a DC voltage of 120 kV. Assume = 300 , 𝜇 = 150 . What is the effective
reactance 𝑋𝐿 , if the rectifier gives 800 A of DC output current?
10. An HVDC link has the following parameter-AC line voltage at rectifier terminals 320
kV when delivering load of 500 MW at 335kV. The inverter operator with = 21.50 ,
𝑋𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 = 58𝛺, 𝑋𝑖𝑛𝑣 = 58𝛺, 𝑅𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 3𝛺. Calculate
a. Firing angle (α)
b. AC line current and pf at the rectifier, and
c. AC line current, voltage, pf at the inverter end.
11. The AC line voltage is 330kV with a load of 500 MW and pf=0.78 at the inverter end.
Calculate the AC line voltage, current and pf at the rectifier end with 𝜇 = 150 .
12. A bipolar two terminal HVDC link is delivering 1000 MW at ±500 𝑘𝑉 at the
receiving end. The total losses in the DC circuit are 50 MW. Calculate the following:
a. Sending end power
b. Sending end voltage
c. Power in the middle of the line
d. Voltage in the middle of the line
e. Total resistance of the DC circuit.
13. An HVDC bipolar link using a 6-pulse converter is supplying power of 500 MW at
±100 𝑘𝑉. The rectifier station is working at a delay angle 𝛼 = 150 . Estimate
a. No-load DC voltage
b. AC voltage on the converter side of the transformer
c. Transformer secondary rating
d. Peak inverse voltage
e. Peak-to-peak ripple, and
f. Current on the secondary side of the converter transformer.
14. State the important circuit parameter which control power in an HVDC link. State the
advantages and disadvantages of control of power using each parameter.
15. What do you understand by constant extinction angle control ? What are the
parameters that should be taken into account while designing the above controller ?
16. What do you understand by current margin between two stations in an HVDC link?
How is it assigned to the stations? Why is it advantageous to operate the inverter as
constant voltage controller under normal conditions?
17. State the important basic controls required for the operation of HVDC systems and
explain how they work and maintain system stability under abnormal conditions.
18. Explain why an inverter should be compounded with constant current control in
addition to CEA control.
19. Mentioned the various modes of operation of HVDC converter and explain the
necessity of each mode in operating an HVDC link.
20. The AC system voltage et the rectifier end is 220 𝑘𝑉. Estimate the sixth harmonic
voltage of a 6-pulse converter when
a. 𝛼 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇 = 0
b. 𝛼 = 𝜋⁄2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇 = 0
21. What are non-characteristic harmonic in HVDC systems ? How are they generated?
22. Briefly discuss about the safety and precaution guidelines of high voltage laboratory. Why
grounding is very important in a high voltage laboratory?
23. What are non-characteristic harmonic in HVDC systems? How are they generated? What are
the advantages of AC and DC filters?
24. Estimate the magnitude of 6th and 12th harmonic voltages in a 6-pulse converter
operation at 𝑉𝑑0 = 200 𝑘𝑉 with
a. 𝛼 = 100 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇 = 00
b. 𝛼 = 100 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜇 = 150
25. State advantages and disadvantages of ground return in HVDC systems. Give neat
sketch of a bipolar HVDC system in metallic return mode.
26. Determine the resistance of hemispherical electrode situated in a non-uniform field
each of resistivities 𝜌1 = 10Ω − m and 𝜌2 = 10𝜌1 . With 𝐼𝑑 = 10 𝐴. Also estimate
the potential of the earth electrode w.r.t. remote earth. Assume a=1m and b=10m.
Solution:
𝑉𝑒 1 (𝜌2 − 𝜌1 ) 𝜌1
𝑅𝑒 = = [ + ]
𝐼𝑑 2𝜋 𝑏 𝑎