21st reviewer
Lesson 1
PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE (1565)
 Folk tales- made up of stories about life,
adventure, love, horror, and humor with
life lessons
 Epic age- long narrative poems usually of a
hero, are dealt with at length.
 Folk songs- are one of the oldest forms of
Philippine that mirrors early forms of
culture with 12 syllable
Spanish (1566-1871)
 ALIBATA was change by roman alphabet
 Christian Doctrine became the basis of
religious practices
 European legends and traditions brought
here became assimilated in our songs,
corridos, and moro-moros.
 Divided into 2 classification
 Religious
-Pasyon and senakulo
 Secular
-Awit and korido
Period of Enlightenment (1972- 1898)
 Filipino intellectuals study in Europe called
ilustrados started writing novels, newspapers
and magazine about colonization
 Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)- led by
Rizal, Del Pilar, Luna, Ponce, Jaena,
Panganiban, and Paterno
American Regime (1898- 1944)
 Language used in writing is Spanish and
Tagalog and dialects according to different
regions
 Started teaching English and change in
literature
Japanese period (1941-1945)
 English language was interrupted
 poetry about nationalism, country, love,
and life in the barrios, faith, religion and
arts
 almost all of newspapers in English were
stopped except TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE
REVIEW
 Haiku- free verse poem about
nature originated at Japan(5-7-5
pantig)
 Tanaga- originated in the
Philippines but it had measure and
rhyme (7-7-7 pantig)
 Karaniwang anyo- usual form
Philippine Literature in English(1941-1945)
 Writing Filipino and English were revived
 Dark days of japan were written
Period of Activism (1970-1972)
 Literary revolution were started by the
youth to vocal their sentiments
 Change the government is the main goal
Period of the New Society (1972-1980)
 September 2, 1972
 Reform of newspapers they add sports,
entertainment and more
Period of Third Republic (1981-1985)
 Under former President Marcos who lifted
the martial rule on January 2, 1981
 “The New Republic of the Philippines.”
 Poem is all about freedom, love of God, of
country and fellowmen
POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)
 Regained independence with People
Power(Lakas ng Bayan)
 Enjoy democracy
21st CENTURY PERIOD(2001- present)
 with technologies
history-record of life
literature- reflection of life
Lesson 2
Imagery- poetic elements that tries to create a
picture in mind trough figurative language
Gabu- by Carlos A. Angeles
Dreamweavers- Marjorie Evasco
Taste of Phippine Poetry
- province of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La
Union, and Pangasinan
- rich of cultural heritage
Taste of Tagalog Essay
- Region 4A CALABARZON
- Bravery and fearlessness in battles
- Unusual, argumentative and persuasive
-
Taste of Creative Nonfiction
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- Island of Visayas - “literature of ideas”

- Sea-based culture and tradition  Blog
- One of the cradles of the Philippine - Weblog contains short articles
Civilization - Some were written by one person about
- Strong religious foundation their opinion, interest and experiences
while others are written by different people
Lesson 3  Hyper poetry
Conventional literature - Digitalized poetry
- Traditional  Chick poetry
- Used to - Modern women
- Four types: drama, poetry, fiction, - More on women empowerment
nonfiction  Flash fiction
Drama- composition in prose or verse presenting in - Shorter that novel
dialog or pantomime story - Contains 1 to 1000 words
Poetry- imaginative awareness of experience - 6 words flash fiction is an example
expressed through meanings, sound, rhythmic  Digi-fiction
language - Triple media literature
Fiction- created from imagination that is used to - Combination of book, movie/video and
entertain internet website
Nonfiction- based on facts and authors opinion
about the subject which is used to inform an Lesson 4
persuade Context – circumstances that forms the settings of
events, statements or ideas
Lesson 3  Writer’s context- all about write’s life
21st genres-  Reader’s context- about reader’s previous
 Illustrated novel reading experiences
- illustrated novels and text  Text context- situation in which it is written
- 50% is presented without text and read
 Graphic novel  Social context and socio-cultural of a text-
- Comics feature the society in which the characters
 Manga live and in which the author's text was
- Japanese word for comics produced.
 Shonen- boy’s manga Imagery- creating a picture to the readers mind
 Shojo- girl’s manga  Visual- senses of sight
 Senien- man’s  Auditory- sense of hearing
 Josei- women’s  Kinesthetic- actions and movement
 Dono- children’s Literary techniques- methods that the writer of a
 Doodle fiction literary piece used to convey what they want to impart
- Incorporated doodle writing, drawing and to the reader
handwrited graphics
 Text- talk Lesson 5
- Blogs, email, IM formats Multimedia-
- Uses social media - computer-controlled
 Creative non-fiction - where information can be represented,
- Narrative non-fiction stored, transmitted and processed digitally.
 Sci-fic Types of multimedia
- Futuristic  blog/weblog- website containing
- About science and technologies informational articles about person’s own
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opinion and preferences which are usually - problem of the story

changed regularly - types of conflict
 mind mapping- used to visualize man vs. man
connections of ideas man vs. nature
 mobile phone text tula- traditional Filipino man vs. himself
poem that used social media platform man vs. society
 slideshow presentation- contains series of  Theme
pictures or pages of information (slides) - central idea
arranged in sequence - message “tungkol saan?”
 tag cloud- a visual, stylized arrangement of  Point of view
words or tags within a textual content - way the story is narrated
 video- electronic device used to record, - “vantage point”
copy, playback, broadcast, and display - perspective
moving visual media - Types of POV
a) First person
Lesson 6 - narrator is in involve
Anecdote- real short entertaining or interesting - uses pronoun “I”
story which contains lesson b) Limited Third person
Purposes of anecdotes - narrator is not included
 to bring cheer- makes people laugh - uses “she” or “he”
 to reminisce- about experiences in the past - narrator is unable to feel the
 to caution- gives warning emotion
 to persuade or inspire- stories surpassing c) Omniscient Third person
struggles - narrator is not included
 - uses “she” or “he”
Lesson 7 - narrator can tell the emotion and
Basic Elements of a Short Story thoughts of the character
 Character
- takes part in an action of the story
- protagonist is the main character and
the antagonist challenges the main
character
 Settings
- place (locale) and time (period)
 Plot
- Actual story
- Series of events “anong nangyari?”
- Structure of the story

 Conflict