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Week10 Solvex
Week10 Solvex
Week10 Solvex
1 x 1
Because f ( x) 1 0 the function f ( x ) is increasing on [1, x ] .
x x
It follows that f (1) f ( x) 0 x 1 ln x ln x x 1
x 1
Now we will show that ln x .
x
Consider F ( x) x 1 x ln x . Because F ( x) ln x 0 for x 1 the function f ( x ) is
decreasing on [1, x ] . It follows that F (1) F ( x) 0 x 1 x ln x x 1 x ln x .
x 1
Finally, because 0 x we get ln x .
x
Method 2: Consider the function f ( x) ln x on the interval [1, x ] , where 1 x .
f ( x) f (1) ln x 0 ln x
By MVT there is c (1, x) such that f (c) .
x 1 x 1 x 1
1 ln x 1 1 1 ln x
It means . Because 1 c x 1 1
c x 1 x c x x 1
x 1
Since 1 x we get ln x x 1 .
x
Q4. (a) Show that x sin x x x 0 .
Hence x sin x x .
(c) Part (c) is a direct result of parts (a) and (b).
(d) Part (d) is a direct result of part (c) .
1
Q5. (a) Show that 1 x 2 cos x x .
2
x2
sol. (a) Consider the function f ( x) 1 cos x .
2
It follows that f ( x) sin x x .
On the other hand, using part (b) of Q4 we see that f ( x ) 0 for x 0 . Therefore f ( x ) is
increasing on the interval [ x, 0] . Hence f ( x) f (0) , x 0 .
1 2
From all of the above one can write f ( x) f (0) x . Thus 1 x cos x x .
2
(b) Using part (a) and that cos x 1 x one can write
1 2
1 x cos x 1 x
2
Passing to the limit as x goes to 0 we get the required result.