3 pages

The relationshiop of sleep quality and stress levels: a personalized research paper for
Welltory user n*************o@g***l.com

November 22, 2023

Author: Welltory1

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This research paper is generated automatically by Welltory. Welltory's algorithm analyzes the bulk data available
about the research subject with the purpose of finding meaningful correlations between two variables, and calculates a
correlation coefficient based on the Pearson on Spearman model.

Abstract

In this paper, we’ve analyzed the relationship between sleep duration and heart rate variability based on data
from Welltory user n*************o@g***l.com.

We’ve used data for Welltory user (n*************o@g***l.com) to conduct a scientific study in which we
searched for correlations between two data flows: Time asleep and Stress (HRV) (shifted ahead by one day).

We obtained this data from sources synced with Welltory – fitness trackers, blood pressure and heart rate
monitors, health apps, etc.

We calculated the Pearson coefficient value, which amounted to -0.4104 with a P-value of 0.0373 – evidence of
a statistically significant correlation between the data flows.

Based on these results, we’ve concluded that, specifically for Welltory user (n*************o@g***l.com),
increased sleep duration is associated with lower stress levels.

Hypothesis

Subjects

This study was conducted based on data for Welltory user (n*************o@g***l.com), and is only relevant in
this specific case.
Here are the factors we took into account in this study:

Sex male

Age 51 - 65

Height 160 - 180

Weight 50 - 80

from 09/18/2023 to
Period
10/18/2023

Physiological characteristics of the research subject.

* We have concealed the research subject’s real data for privacy reasons. However, all of our calculations were based
on real data.

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1. Materials and Methods

1.1. Data Collection

In this scientific study, we analyzed two data flows: Time asleep and Stress (HRV) (shifted ahead by one day).
Time asleep is the number of hours of sleep per night. Stress (HRV) (shifted ahead by one day) is how much
pressure your body is under.

The data we analyzed were collected over a period of 30 days, from 09/18/2023 to 10/18/2023.

This study was conducted without any participation from the subject. That is, the subject was unaware data
from this specific time period would be used to conduct a study, and therefore did not alter their behaviour to alter
the results.

2. Data Analysis

2.1. Screening for outliers

Days with missing data were excluded from our analysis. Overall, we excluded data from 4 days.
After screening for outliers, we limited our dataset to a total of 26 days – enough to find evidence of a statistically
significant correlation.

2.2. Correlation formulas and calculation methods

To identify a correlation, we used a Pearson (r-Pearson) sample correlation coefficient to analyze parallels in
changes between two variables and assess the strength of a linear relationship between them.

In this case, similar data samples have shown how two data flows — Time asleep and Stress (HRV) (shifted
ahead by one day) — change with respect to each other.
We found that on days when "Time asleep" values increase, "Stress (HRV) (shifted ahead by one day)" values are
tend to decrease.
To detect a correlation, we calculated the Pearson coefficient value. It amounted to -0.4104, with a p-value of
0.0373.

We used linear regression analysis to calculate the coefficient, which was -3.4884 (with a confidence interval of
0.05 — (-6.7746, -0.2022)). This points to a negative correlation between the two variables for the given time period.
The Šidák-Holm correction for multiple hypothesis tests yields a p-value is lower than the threshold value of 0.05.

Thus, the correlation between Time asleep and Stress (HRV) (shifted ahead by one day) is statistically
significant.

Figure 1: Correlation between "Time asleep" and "Stress (HRV)"

Figure 2: Linear regression for the correlation between "Time asleep" and "Stress (HRV)"

Results

In this study, we analyzed the relationship between two data flows: Time asleep and Stress (HRV) (shifted
ahead by one day).

Our analysis covered a time period of 26 days. To detect a correlation, we used the Pearson coefficient, which
amounted to -0.4104, with a p-value of 0.0373. This is evidence of a negative correlation between two variables —
Time asleep and Stress (HRV) (shifted ahead by one day).
Taking into account the Pearson coefficient value, p-value, and Šidák-Holm correction, this correlation is
statistically significant.
A correlation exists if the Pearson coefficient >= 0.4. In this case, the condition has been met.

Based on the results of this study, it follows that increased sleep duration is associated with lower stress levels.

Sources

1. Kubota Y, Chen LY, Whitsel EA, Folsom AR. Heart rate variability and lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk
in Communities Study. Ann Epidemiol 2017; 27(10): 619-625.e2
2. Gouin J, Wenzel K, Deschenes S, Dang-Vu T. Heart rate variability predicts sleep efficiency. Sleep Medicine 2013; 14: e142.
3. Jackowska M, Dockray S, Endrighi R, Hendrickx H, Steptoe A. Sleep problems and heart rate variability over the working day. J Sleep
Res 2012; 21(4): 434-40