Principal of PH

pH stands for the power of hydrogen, and it is calculated based on the

number of hydrogen ions in a liquid. Because these hydrogen ions
create a positive charge, an acidic solution with many hydrogen ions
can easily conduct an electric current. pH meters measure that ability.

A pH meter measures electric potential using 2 electrodes inserted into the liquid to create
an electrical circuit. One of these electrodes, called the reference electrode, will contain a
substance with a known electric potential. The other electrode, known as the sensor
electrode, will be inserted into the solution being tested. The electric potential is the
difference that results from comparing the reference electrode to the sensor electrode.