55 m

(page 3.2) tan CAE 

75 m
1. Area of ABC 
1
(5)(10)(sin 44) cm2 CAE  36.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
2  The angle of elevation of C from A is 36.3.
 17.4 cm2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

6.
2. Let s cm be half of the perimeter of DEF.
8  11  15
s
2
 17
 Area of DEF  17(17  8)(17  11)(17  15) cm2
 42.8 cm2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(a) As shown in the figure,
3. By the sine formula, a  71 (alt. s, // lines)
sin B sin 72  The true bearing of O from B is 071.

6 8
(b) As shown in the figure,
6 sin 72
sin B  b  27 (alt. s, // lines)
8
B  45.503 or B  180  45.503 In AOB,
 134.497 OBA  c (base s, isos. )
 134.497  72  180 71  27  c  c  180 ( sum of )
 B  134.497 is rejected. 2c  82
c  41
B  45.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
 b  c  27  41
C  180  72  B  68
 62.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  The compass bearing of B from A is N68W.

c 8

sin C sin 72
8 sin C
c (page 3.3)
sin 72
 7.46 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 1
1. Area of ABC  (10)(8) sin 49 cm2
2
 30.2 cm2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
4. By the cosine formula,
122  72  132
cos A  1
2(12)(7) 2. Area of ABC  (5)(7) sin 108 cm2
2
A  81.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 16.6 cm2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
132  7 2  122
cos B 
2(13)(7) 3. Let s cm be half of the perimeter of ABC.
B  66.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 6  9  11
s
2
C  180  A  B  13
 32.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  Area of ABC  13(13  6)(13  9)(13  11) cm2
 27.0 cm2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
5. (a) In ABD,
80 m
tan ADB  4. AC  AB
75 m
 18 cm
ADB  46.848
Let s cm be half of the perimeter of ABC.
EAD  ADB (alt. s, EA // DB)
18  18  16
 46.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) s
2
 The angle of depression of D from A is 46.8.  26
 Area of ABC  26(26  18)(26  18)(26  16) cm2
(b) In ACE,
CE  (135  80) m  129 cm2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 55 m

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 5. C  180  28  53 Case 2: A  98.130 1
 99  98.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
B  180  45  A
By the sine formula,
 36.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
a 12
 b 15
sin 28 sin 53 
12 sin 28 sin B sin 45
a 15 sin B
sin 53 b
 7.05 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) sin 45
 12.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
c

12  A  81.9, B  53.1, b  17.0 or A  98.1, B  36.9, b  12.7 .
sin 99 sin 53
12 sin 99
c 9. By the cosine formula,
sin 53
 14.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) a2  42  62  2(4)(6) cos77
a  6.42 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
6. By the sine formula, a 2  62  42
sin A sin 64 cos B 
 2(a)(6)
5 8
B  37.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
5 sin 64
sin A 
8 C  180  77  B
A  34.177 or A  180  34.177  65.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 145.823
 145.823  64  180
10. By the cosine formula,
 A  145.823 is rejected.
202  172  232
A  34.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) cos A 
2(20)(17)
C  180  64  A A  76.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 81.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
232  17 2  202
cos B 
c 8 2(23)(17)

sin C sin 64 B  57.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
8 sin C
c
sin 64 C  180  A  B
 8.81 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  45.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

7. By the sine formula, 11. (a) AD  AB

sin B sin 36  10 cm

9 4 In ABD, by the cosine formula,
9 sin 36
sin B  BD2  [102  102  2(10)(10)(cos120)] cm2
4
 1.323 BD  10 3 cm
1  17.3 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 There are no solutions for B.
1
 No triangles can be formed. (b) Area of ABD  (10)(10)(sin120) cm2
2
 25 3 cm2
8. By the sine formula, Let s cm be half of the perimeter of BDC.
sin A sin 45
 10 3  9  15
21 15 s
2
21sin 45
sin A   5 3  12
15
A  81.869 9 or A  180  81.869 9 Area of BDC
 98.130 1  (5 3  12)(5 3  12  10 3 )(5 3  12  9)(5 3  12  15) cm2
 81.869 9  45  180 and 98.130 1  45  180
 4 554 cm2
 There are two possible cases.
 Area of ABCD  Area of ABD  Area of BDC
Case 1: A  81.869 9
 81.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  (25 3  4 554 ) cm2
B  180  45  A  111 cm2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 53.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
b 15 12. APB  75  32

sin B sin 45  43
15 sin B PBA  32 (alt. s, // lines)
b
sin 45
 17.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 135

 In ABP, by the sine formula, By the sine formula,
PA 25 m AB 92 m
 
sin 32 sin 43 sin ACB sin 86
25 sin 32 92 sin ACB
PA  m AB  m
sin 43 sin 86
 19.4 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  78.3 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The distance between the policeman and A is 19.4 m.  The distance between A and B is 78.3 m.

13. In ACD, by the cosine formula,

cos ACD 
332  222  192
2(33)(22)
3A (page 3.9)
ACD  33.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 1. (a) POA, POB, POC, POD
 The angle of elevation of A from C is 33.4. (b) AF, BG, CH, DE

14. (a) In ABC, by the cosine formula, 2. (a) PR

1352  1002  1802 (b) QT
cos ABC 
2(135)(100) (c) TC
ABC  98.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
3. (a) DAF
(b)
(b) EBD

4. (a) CBD
(b) ABD

5. (a) ABN
(b) ANB
  43 (alt. s, // lines)
  ABC  43 6. (a) AMF
 55.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b) CAP
 The compass bearing of C from B is N55.9W.

7. (a) FI
15.
(b) HF
(c) DHE
(d) ANG
(e) AMN

8. (a) BX, HX
(b) ASD, NSE, BTC, MTH [ Any one ]
(a)   36 (alt. s, // lines)
  360  310 (s at a pt.)
 50
 (alt. s, // lines)
3B (page 3.18)
 50
1. AC  AB 2  BC 2
 CAB  36  50
 86  7 2  32 cm
 58 cm
(b) By the sine formula,
sin ABC sin 86 CF  AC 2  AF 2

54 92  58  22 cm
54 sin 86
sin ABC   7.87 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
92
ABC  35.840 or ABC  180  35.840
FH  FE 2  EH 2
 144.160
 52  7 2 cm
 144.160  86  180
 ABC  144.160 is rejected.  74 cm

ABC  35.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) AH  FH 2  AF 2

 74  22 cm
(c) ACB  180  86  ABC
 58.160  8.83 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

136  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 2. (a) AM  (b) PQ  PR cosRPQ
AB2  BM 2
 40 cos 45 cm
2
 16   20 2 cm
 142    cm
 2  28.3 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 16.1 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(c) Let Y be the mid-point of QR.
(b) The required distance is VO. The required angle is VYX.
BD  DC 2  BC 2 XY 
PQ
2
 142  162 cm
 10 2 cm
 452 cm
VX
1 tan VYX 
BO  BD XY
2
21
452 
 cm 10 2
2
VYX  56.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
VO  VB2  BO2
 The angle between planes VQR and PQRS is 56.0.
2
 452 
 152    cm
 2 
  5. (a) CM  CB 2  BM 2
 10.6 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 2
8
 The shortest distance from V to DB is 10.6 cm.  6 2    cm
2
 52 cm
3. (a) The required distance is HB.  7.21 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
HB  HC 2  BC 2
(b) The required angle is VCM.
 122  82 cm VM
tan VCM 
 208 cm CM
 14.4 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 
10
 The shortest distance from H to AB is 14.4 cm. 52
VCM  54.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
(b) Required distance  HC  The angle between VC and plane ABCD is 54.2.
 12 cm
(c) Let N be the mid-point of DC.
(c) The required angle is HBC. The required angle is VNM.
HC VM
tan HBC  tan VNM 
BC MN
12 10
 
8 6
HBC  56.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) VNM  59.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between HB and plane ABCD is 56.3.  The angle between planes VDC and ABCD is 59.0.

(d) The required angle is GEH.

GH 6. (a) HK  BK sin HBK
tan GEH 
EH  40 sin 50 cm
8  30.6 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )

5
HB  BK cos HBK
GEH  58.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 40 cos50 cm
 The angle between planes BDEG and CDEH is 58.0.  25.7 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )

HC  HB sin HBC
4. (a) Let X be the projection of V on plane PQRS.  40 cos50 sin 30 cm
The required angle is VRX.  12.9 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
VX  21 cm
VX (b) The required angle is KBD.
tan VRX  KD
XR sin KBD 
21 BK
 40 40 cos 50 sin 30
2 
40
VRX  46.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
KBD  18.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
 The angle between VR and plane PQRS is 46.4.
 The angle between BK and plane ABCD is 18.7.

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 137

 7. (a) Let P and Q be points lying on AB (b) The required angle is VAM.
such that XP  AB and YQ  AB . sin VAM sin VMA

AP  FX VM VA
1 180 sin 80.088
 FG sin VAM 
1 2 14
 3 cm
VAM  70.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
QB  YC
 The angle between VA and plane ABC is 70.7.
1
 DC
1 2
 3 cm 9. (a) The required angle is ABC.
 PQ  (9  3  3) cm AB 2  BC 2  AC 2
cos ABC 
 3 cm 2( AB)(BC )

PY  PQ 2  YQ 2 102  132  162


2(10)(13)
 32  4 2 cm
ABC  87.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 5 cm
 The angle between planes ABFE and BCDF is 87.1.
XY  PY 2  XP 2
(b) Let X be the projection of F on plane ACDE.
 52  62 cm
The required angle is FAX.
 7.81 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
EF 2  ED 2  FD 2
cos FED 
(b) The required angle is XYP. 2( EF )(ED)
XP 102  162  132
tan XYP  
PY 2(10)(16)
6 FED  54.241

5 FX  EF sin FED
XYP  50.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 10 sin 54.241 cm
 The angle between XY and plane ABCD is 50.2.  8.114 8 cm

(c) The required angle is XCG. FA  EF 2  AE 2

GX  (9  3) cm  102  82 cm
 6 cm  164 cm
CG  CH 2  GH 2 FX
sin FAX 
 62  4 2 cm FA
8.114 8
 52 cm 
164
GX
tan XCG  FAX  39.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
CG
 The angle between FA and plane ACDE is 39.3.
6

52
XCG  39.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 10. (a) The required distance is DN.
 The angle between XC and plane BCHG is 39.8. DN  DE 2  EN 2
2
8
 102   
8. (a) The required angle is VMA. 2
AM  AB 2  BM 2  9.17 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
2  The shortest distance from D to EF is 9.17.
8
 82    cm
2 (b) The required angle is EDF.
 48 cm sin EDN 
EN
ED
VM  VB 2  BM 2 8
2  2
8
 142    cm 10
2 EDN  23.578
 180 cm EDF  2EDN
VM 2  AM 2  VA2  47.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
cos VMA 
2(VM )( AM )  The angle between planes ACDE and BCDF is 47.2.
180  48  14 2

2( 180 )( 48 )
VMA  80.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between planes VBC and ABC is 80.1.

138  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

11. (a) The required angle is ACB. VO
tan VBO 
AB OB
sin ACB 
AC VO
tan 45 
8 OB

17  VO  OB
ACB  28.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  The claim is agreed.
 The angle between planes ACDE and BCDF is 28.1.
14. (a) The required angle is DEF.
(b) The required angle is CFB.
DE 2  EF 2  DF 2
BC  AC 2  AB 2 cos DEF 
2( DE)(EF )
 17 2  82 102  152  62

 15 2(10)(15)
BC
tan CFB  DEF  15.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
BF
15  The angle between planes ACDE and ABFE is 15.6.

22
(b) Let X be a point on EF such that DX  EF .
CFB  34.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
The required distance is DX.
 The angle between planes CEF and ABFE is 34.3.
DX  DE sin DEF
 10 sin 15.564 cm
 2.68 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
12. (a) AC  AB 2  BC 2
 The shortest distance from D to plane ABFE is 2.68 cm.
 6 2  82 cm
 10 cm
15. (a) The required angle is VBC.
AC
AO  BC 2  VB 2  VC 2
2 cos VBC 
 5 cm 2( BC )(VB)
102  82  82
VA  AO 2  VO 2 
2(10)(8)
 52  12 2 cm VBC  51.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 13 cm  The angle between VB and BC is 51.3.
(b) The required angle is AOB. (b) The required angle is ADC.
BO  AO
CD  BC sin VBC
 5 cm
 10 sin 51.318 cm
AO 2  BO 2  AB 2
cos AOB   7.806 2 cm
2( AO)(BO)
AD  CD
52  52  6 2
  7.806 2 cm
2(5)(5)
CD 2  AD 2  AC 2
AOB  73.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) cos ADC 
2(CD )( AD)
 The angle between planes VAO and VBO is 73.7.
7.806 22  7.806 22  102

(c) The required angle is VAO. 2(7.806 2)(7.806 2)
VO ADC  79.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
sin VAO 
VA  The angle between planes VBC and VBA is 79.7.
12

13 (c) When R moves from B to D, the angle between CR and RA
VAO  67.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) increases from 60 to 79.7.
 The angle between CR and RA can be 65.
 The angle between VA and base ABCD is 67.4.
 The claim is agreed.

13. (a)  O is the incentre of ABC.

 OCA  OCB  a 16. (a) The required angle is VAC.
OBC  OBA  b VC
sin VAC 
OAB  OAC  c VA
1.5
BAC  ABC  ACB  180 
2
2c  2b  2a  180
2(a  b  c)  180 VAC  48.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
a  b  c  90  The angle between VA and the horizontal ground is 48.6.

(b) The angle between VB and plane ABC is VBO. VA2  AB 2  VB 2

(b) cos VAB 
abc 2(VA)( AB)
 VBO 
2 22  22  2.52
90 
 2(2)(2)
2
VAB  77.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 45

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 139

 (c) Let M be a point on AB such that VM  AB .
AR  AB 2  BR 2
The required angle is VMC.
 62  42
VM  VA sin VAM
 2 sin 77.364 m  52
 1.951 6 m AC  AB 2  BC 2
VC
sin VMC   6 2  82
VM
1.5  10
 AC 2  CR 2  AR 2
1.951 6 cos ACR 
VMC  50.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 2( AC )(CR )
102  80  52
 The angle between the piece of cloth and the horizontal 
2(10)( 80 )
ground is 50.2.
ACR  44.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between AC and CR is 44.3.
17. (a) The required angle is BVC.
VB 2  VC 2  BC 2 (c) Let h be the shortest distance from B to plane ACR.
cos BVC  1
2(VB)(VC ) Volume of pyramid BACR   Area of ABC  BR
3
30 2  30 2  182
 1 1
2(30)(30)    68 4
3 2
BVC  34.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  32
 The angle between VB and VC is 34.9. 1
Area of ACR   AC  CR  sin ACR
2
(b) The required angle is VCO. 1
  10  80  sin 44.312
VO 2
sin VCO 
VC  31.241
1

24  Area of ACR  h  Volume of pyramid BACR
30 3
32  3
VCO  53.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) h
31.241
 The angle between VC and plane ABCDEF is 53.1.  3.07 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The shortest distance from B to plane ACR is 3.07.
(c) Let G be the mid-point of AF.
The required angle is VGO.
19. (a) The required distance is AK.
VG  VA2  AG 2
Let X be the projection of A on ED.
2
 18  AX
 302    c m sin ADE 
 2 AD
 819 c m AX  12 sin 45 cm
VO  6 2 cm
 sin VGO 
VG AK  AX  XK
24  (6 2  8) cm

819  16.5 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
VGO  57.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  The shortest distance from A to HI is 16.5 cm.
 The angle between planes VAF and ABCDEF is 57.0.
XD
(b) cos ADE 
AD
18. (a) The required angle is PBS. XD  12 cos 45 cm
BS  BC 2  CS 2  6 2 cm
 82  4 2 EX  ED  XD
 80  (12  6 2 ) cm
PS HK  EX
tan PBS 
BS
 (12  6 2 ) cm
6

80 GK  GH 2  HK 2
PBS  33.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 202  (12  6 2 ) 2 cm
 The angle between PB and plane BCSR is 33.9.
 20.306 cm
(b) The required angle is ACR. AG  AK 2  GK 2
CR  BS
 (6 2  8) 2  20.3062 cm
 80
 26.2 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The distance between A and G is 26.2 cm.

140  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 (c) The required angle is AGK. 21. (a) Let X and Y be the projections of V on planes ABC and DEF
AK respectively, M be the mid-point of BC.
sin AGK 
AG VM  VB 2  BM 2
6 2 8

2
 10 
26.156  10 2    cm
 2
AGK  39.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 75 cm
 The angle between AG and plane GHIJ is 39.1.
AM  VM
(d) AE 2  AD2  ED2  2( AD)(ED) cos ADE  75 cm
 [122  122  2(12)(12) cos 45] c m 2 VA2  AM 2  VM 2
cos VAM 
AE  9.18 c m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 2(VA)( AM )
 The distance between A and E is 9.18 cm. 102  75  75

2(10)( 75 )
(e) The required angle is EAG. VAM  54.736
GE  EH 2  GH 2 VX
sin VAM 
 82  202 c m VA
VX  10 sin 54.736 cm
 464 c m  8.165 0 cm
AE 2  AG 2  GE 2 VY  VX  XY
cos EAG 
2( AE )( AG)  (8.165 0  14) cm
9.184 42  26.156 2  464  22.165 0 cm

2(9.184 4)(26.156) AX
cos VAM 
EAG  50.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) VA
AX  10 cos 54.736 cm
 The angle between AG and AE is 50.7.
 5.773 5 cm
EY  AX
 5.773 5 cm
20. (a) Let X and Y be the projections of V on planes ABCD and
EFGH respectively. VE  VY 2  EY 2
The required distance is VY.  22.165 02  5.773 52 cm
AC  AD  CD
2 2
 22.9 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 92  102 cm (b) The required angle is VEY.
 181 cm VY
tan VEY 
AC EY
AX 
2 22.165 0

181 5.773 5
 cm
2 VEY  75.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between VE and plane DEF is 75.4.
VX  VA2  AX 2
2 (c) Let N be the mid-point of EF.
 181 
 11  
2  cm The required angle is VNY.
 2 
 
VN  VE 2  EN 2
303
 cm  10 
2
4  22.9052    cm
 2
VY  VX  XY  22.352 cm
 303 
  8  cm sin VNY 
VY
 4 
  VN
 16.7 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 22.165 0

22.352
 The shortest distance from V to plane EFGH is 16.7 cm.
VNY  82.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b) The required angle is VFY.  The angle between planes VEF and DEF is 82.6.
181
FY  AX  cm 22. (a) Let A be the mid-point of SR and O be the projection of V on
2
plane PQRS.
VY
tan VFY  The required angle is VAO.
FY
VO
tan VAO 
303
4
8 OA
 12
181

2 7
2
VFY  68.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
VAO  73.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between VF and plane EFGH is 68.1.
 The angle between planes VSR and PQRS is 73.7.

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 141

 (b) Let B be the mid-point of PQ. In Figure II,
VB  VO  OB
2 2 BC 2  BD 2  CD 2  2( BD)(CD ) cos BDC
 2 2

7
2
134   134   134   134 
 122        2   cos 48 cm2
2  2   2   2  2  
       
 12.5
BC  4.71 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
VB
tan VQB 
BQ
12.5 2
 24. (a) AX   AB
7 2 1
2
2
VQB  74.358   9 cm
3
sin MQP 
PM  6 cm
PQ
VX 2  VA2  AX 2  2(VA)( AX ) cos VAX
PM  7 sin 74.358
 6.74 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  [92  62  2(9)(6) cos 60] cm2
 The length of PM is 6.74. VX  63 cm
 7.94 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(c) The required angle is PMR.
YB  XB
PR  PQ 2  QR2  (9  6) cm
 72  72  3 cm
 98 XY 2  XB 2  YB 2  2( XB)(YB ) cos XBY
MR  PM  [32  32  2(3)(3) cos 60] cm2
 6.740 7 XY  3 cm
PM 2  MR2  PR 2
cos PMR  (b) Let M and N be the mid-points of XY and AC respectively.
2( PM )(MR)
6.740 7 2  6.740 7 2  98 The required angle is VMN.

2(6.740 7)(6.740 7) VM  VX 2  XM 2
PMR  94.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 2
3
 63    cm
 The angle between planes VPQ and VQR is 94.5. 2
243
 cm
23. (a) The required angle is COF in Figure II. 4
In Figure I, O is the centroid of ABC. sin ACY 
MN
 CO : OF  2 : 1 CY
MN  6 sin 60 cm
2
CO   9 cm  6 cm
2 1  3 3 cm
OF  (9  6) cm  3 cm VN
sin VCN 
In Figure II, VC
CO 2  OF 2  CF 2 VN  9 sin 60 cm
cos COF 
2(CO )(OF ) 9 3
 cm
2
6 3 5
2 2 2
 VM 2  MN 2  VN 2
2(6)(3) cos VMN 
2(VM )(MN )
COF  56.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
 (3 3 ) 2  (
243 9 3 2
 The angle between OC and OF is 56.3. )
 4 2
243
2( 4
)(3 3)
(b) In Figure I,
AF  AC  CF
2 2 2 VMN  70.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
cos FAC 
2( AF )( AC )  The angle between planes VXY and ACYX is 70.5.
62  102  92
 (c) When P is located at X or Y,  is the smallest;
2(6)(10)
11 when P is located at M,  is the greatest.
 Let F be the projection of V on the base ACYX.
24
VMF  VMN
BC 2  AB 2  AC 2  2( AB)( AC ) cos BAC
 70.529
  11 
 12 2  102  2(12)(10)   cm2    70.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
  24 
VF
sin VMF 
BC  134 cm VM
134 243
BD  CD  cm VF  sin 70.529 cm
2 4
 7.348 5 cm

142  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 VF AM
sin VXF  sin ABM 
VX BM
7.348 5
 
180 3
63 180
tan 18
VXF  67.792 ABM  34.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
   67.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The compass bearing of H from B is N34.2W.
 The required range is 67.8    70.5.

DC
25. (a) CM  CD 2  MD2 2. (a) tan DAC 
AC
2
4 AC 
5
 42    m
2 tan 37
 6.64 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 12
 3.46 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) (b) ACB  90  42
 48
(b) Let X and Y be the mid-points on NM and BD respectively. BC
cos ACB 
The required angle is XCY. AC
NM 
BD 5 cos 48
BC  m
2 tan 37
2 DC
tan DBC 
CX  CM 2  XM 2 BC
5
2 
2 5 cos 48
 12    tan 37
2
DBC  48.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 11
 The angle of elevation of D from B is 48.4.
CY  CM
 12
AE
XY 3. (a) cos EAF 
sin ADB  AF
MD AE  95 cos 48 m
4
XY  sin 60 ED
2 sin EAD 
AE
 3 ED  95 cos 48 sin 21 m
 CX 2  CY 2  XY 2  22.8 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
cos XCY 
2(CX )(CY )
11  12  3 (b) Let  be the inclination of path AF.

FC
2( 11 )( 12 ) sin  
AF
XCY  29.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
95 cos 48 sin 21
 The angle between planes CMN and BCD is 29.5. 
95
  13.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(c) Let Z be the mid-point of BC.
 BCD is an equilateral triangle.  The inclination of path AF is 13.9.
 CY  BD and DZ  BC
 A' lies on both CY and DZ. 4. DAC  y (alt. s, // lines)
 A' is the orthocentre of BCD. tan DAC 
CD
 The claim is agreed. AC
h
AC  m
tan y
DBC  x (alt. s, // lines)
CD
tan DBC 
3C (page 3.34) BC
h
HM BC  m
1. tan HAM  tan x
AM
180 AB  BC 2  AC 2
AM  m
tan 30 2
 h   h 
2

 180 3 m     m
 tan x   tan y 
HM
tan HBM   1 1 
BM  h  m
 tan 2 x tan 2 y 
180  
BM  m
tan18

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 143

  90  BAC  90  36.685
5. AF  AC 2  CF 2
 53.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 152  102 m
 The compass bearing of D from A is S53.3E.
 125 m
CF
tan CBF  9. (a) ABC  180  37  48
FB
10  95
FB  m
tan 55 CAB  37 (alt. s, // lines)
CF
tan CDF  BC AC
FD (b) 
10 sin CAB sin ABC
FD  m
tan 62 55 sin 37
BC  m
1 sin 95
Area of shadow ABD   AB  FD
2  33.2 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
1  10  10
   125   m2 CD
2  tan 55  tan 62 (c) tan CBD 
BC
 48.3 m2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 45

33.226
DC CBD  53.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
6. (a) tan DAC 
AC  The angle of elevation of D from B is 53.6.
4
AC  m
tan 32
DC
 6.40 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 10. (a) tan DAC 
AC
2
BC AC AC  m
(b)  tan 25
sin BAC sin ABC
 4.29 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
6.401 3 sin 50
BC  m
sin 65
AB 2  BC 2  AC 2
 5.41 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) (b) cos ABC 
2( AB)(BC )
7 2  4 2  4.289 0 2

7. (a) A' B ' C  180  90  40 2(7)(4)
 50
ABC  33.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
A' C A' B'

sin A' B ' C sin A' CB '
(c)  90  ABC  90  33.672
500 sin 50
A' C  m  56.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
sin( 70  40)
 The compass bearing of D from B is N56.3W.
 408 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

AA'
(b) tan ACA'  11. (a) tan CRQ 
CQ
A' C RQ
120
 CQ  43 tan18 m
407.60
 13.972 m
ACA'  16.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle of elevation of A from C is 16.4. BQ  BC 2  CQ 2
 552  13.972 2 m
 53.196 m
DC
8. (a) tan DAC  RQ
AC cos BQR 
3.5 BQ
AC  m
tan13 
43
 15.2 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 53.196
BQR  36.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
DC
tan DBC   The compass bearing of B from C is S36.1W.
BC
3.5
BC  m SP
tan19 (b) cos SPB 
PB
 10.2 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 43
PB  m
cos 50
sin BAC sin ABC  66.896 m
(b) 
BC AC
10.165 sin( 27  90)
sin BAC 
15.160
BAC  36.685

144  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 AP DG  EG 2  DE 2
tan ABP 
PB
13.972  85  52 cm

66.896  110 cm
ABP  11.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
DI 2  GI 2  DG 2
 The angle of elevation of A from B is 11.8. cos DIG 
2( DI )(GI )
5.926 52  7.111 9 2  110

BF 2(5.926 5)(7.111 9)
12. (a) cos EBF 
BE DIG  107 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
BF  200 cos50 m  The angle between GI and DI is 107.
FC
sin FBC 
BF (c) Let N be a point on GI such that HN  GI .
FC  200 cos50 sin 16 m The required distance is HN.
sin EBD 
ED HGI  GIF (alt. s, GH // FE)
EB  57.529
200 cos 50 sin 16
 sin HGI 
HN
200 HG
EBD  10.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) HN  7 sin 57.529 cm
 The inclination of path BE is 10.2.  5.91 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The shortest distance from H to GI is 5.91 cm.
(b) Let FP be the shortest route from F to BE.

cos FBP 
BP (d) The required angle is CNH.
BF CH
BP  200 cos 50 cos 50 m tan CNH 
HN
 82.6 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 5

 BG 5.905 6
i.e. FP  FG CNH  40.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 FG is not the shortest route from F to BE.  The angle between planes CGI and EFGH is 40.3.

GF
13. (a) tan GIF  14. (a) Let E, F and G be points on BD, DC and BC respectively
FI such that A' E  BD, A' F  DC and A' G  BC .
6
FI  cm tan EAA' 
A' E
tan y AA'
DE 5
tan DIE  
IE 11
IE 
5
cm EAA'  24.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
tan y  The angle between AA' and plane ABD is 24.4.
FE  FI  IE
A' G
6 5 tan GAA' 
7  AA'
tan y tan y
3
11 
tan y  11
7
GAA'  15.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
y  57.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between AA' and plane ABC is 15.3.
(b) The required angle is DIG. A' F
tan FAA' 
DE AA'
sin DIE 
DI 4

5 11
DI  cm
sin y FAA'  20.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 5.926 5 cm  The angle between AA' and plane ACD is 20.0.
FG
sin FIG 
GI AA'
(b) tan ABA' 
6 A' B
GI  cm
sin y AA'
tan ADA' 
 7.111 9 cm A' D
EG  GF 2  FE 2 AA'
tan ACA' 
A' C
 6 2  7 2 cm
 85 cm

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 145

  A' is the circumcentre of BCD. (c) (i) The required angle is AMB.
 A' B  A' D  A' C sin BCM 
BM
AA' AA' AA' BC
 
A' B A' D A' C BM  56 sin 34.351 cm
tan ABA'  tan ADA'  tan ACA'  31.599 cm
ABA'  ADA'  ACA' AB
tan AMB 
 The claim is agreed. BM
38

31.599
AC AMB  50.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
15. (a) cos BAC 
AB  The angle between planes ACD and BCD is 50.3.
AC  4 cos 40 m
 3.06 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) (ii) The angle of elevation of A is the largest at M.
 The largest angle of elevation is 50.3.
BC
sin BAC  AB
AB tan ACB 
BC  4 sin 40 m BC
 2.57 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 
38
56
BC ACB  34.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b) tan BDC 
CD AB
4 sin 40 tan ADB 
CD  m BD
tan 75 38

1 73
Area of ACD  ( AC)(CD )
2 ADB  27.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
1  4 sin 40  2  The angle of elevation of A from a point on CD is
 (4 cos 40)  m
2  tan 75  between 27.5 and 50.3, i.e. a point can be found
 1.06 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
2
on CD such that the angle of elevation of A from
that point is 30.
BC  The claim is agreed.
(c) tan BD' C 
CD '
4 sin 40
CD '  m
tan 43 BC
17. (a) cos CBP 
Area of ACD '
1
( AC )(CD ' ) BP

2
BC  800 cos 60 m
Area of ACD 1
( AC )(CD )
2  400 m
CD '
 CC '
CD sin CBC ' 
4 sin 40 BC
tan 43
 CC '  400 sin 20 m
4 sin 40
tan 75  137 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 4.002 1
4 (b) AP 2  BP 2  AB 2  2( BP)( AB) cos ABP
 The claim is agreed.  [8002  1 8002  2(800)(1 800) cos(90  60)] m 2
AP  1 177.220 m

AP '  AP 2  PP ' 2
16. (a) CD 2  BC 2  BD2  2( BC )(BD) cos CBD
 1 177.220 2  136.8082 m
CD  562  732  2(56)(73) cos120 cm
 1 169.244 m
 12 553 cm
 112 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) AT  AP' 2  TP ' 2
 1 169.2442  (136.808  60)2 m
sin BCD sin CBD
  1 190 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
BD CD
73 sin 120
sin BCD   1 185.69 1 800 
12 553 (c) Time taken by Charles    s
 5 4.5 
BCD  34.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  637 s (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 800 
(b)  BM  CD Time taken by Daisy   90  s
CM  1.5 
 cos BCM   623 s (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
CB
CM  56 cos 34.351 cm  Daisy will arrive at B first.
 46.2 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

146  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

18. (a) Let PS  x cm.
In PQS,
3 (page 3.40)
QS  PQ 2  PS 2
1. (a) BDH
 102  x 2 cm (b) ADB
 100  x cm2 (c) CFH
(d) DHE, AGF [ Any one ]
In QRS,
QS  QR2  RS 2 2. (a) ACB, EDF [ Any one ]
 17 2  (21  x) 2 cm (b) EMN

 289  441  42 x  x cm 2

3. (a) The required angle is HBC.

 152  42 x  x 2 cm HC
tan HBC 
BC
 100  x 2  152  42 x  x 2
8
42 x  252 
6
x6 HBC  53.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 QS  100  62 cm  The angle between BH and plane ABCD is 53.1.
 8 cm
(b) The required angle is BEA.
(b) (i) PR  PQ  QR  2( PQ)(QR) cos PQR
2 2 2
AE  AD 2  DE 2
PR  10  17  2(10)(17) cos 48 cm
2 2
 6 2  82 cm
 12.7 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  10 cm
AB
(ii) The required angle is PSR. tan BEA 
AE
PS 2  SR 2  PR 2 10
cos PSR  
2( PS )(SR) 10
6 2  152  12.7082 BEA  45

2(6)(15)  The angle between BE and plane ADEF is 45.
PSR  56.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(c) The required angle is EMD.
 The angle between planes SQR and PSQ is 56.4.
DM  DA2  AM 2
1
(iii) Area of PRS  ( PS )(SR) sin PSR  10 
2

2  62    cm
1  2
 (6)(15) sin 56.441 cm2
2  61 cm
 37.5 cm2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) ED
tan EMD 
1 DM
Volume of pyramid PQRS  (Area of PRS)(SQ) 8
3 
1 61
 (37.499)(8) cm3
3 EMD  45.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
 100 cm3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  The angle between EM and plane ABCD is 45.7.

(iv) Let S ' be the projection of S on plane PQR.

The required angle is SQS '. 4. (a) tan DBC 
CD
1 BC
(Area of PQR)(SS ')  Volume of pyramid PQRS CD  30 tan 20 m
3
3  99.997  10.9 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
SS '  1 cm
2
 10  17  sin 48
BC
 4.749 2 cm (b) tan BAC 
SS ' AC
sin SQS '  30
SQ AC  m
tan 70
4.749 2
 DC
8 tan DAC 
SQS '  36.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) AC
30 tan 20
 The angle between SQ and plane PQR is 36.4. 
30
tan 70

DAC  45
 The angle of elevation of D from A is 45.

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 147

 5. (a) AN  AF 2  FN 2 AC AB

2
sin ABC sin ACB
 24  200 sin 30
 182    cm AC  m
 2  sin 105
 468 cm  104 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
 21.6 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
CD
(b) tan DBC 
BC
FM  FG  GM
2 2
CD  146.41 tan 35 m
 103 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
2
 24 
 162    cm
 2 
 20 cm CX
(c) (i) sin CBX 
BC
AM  AF 2  FM 2 CX  146.41sin 30 m
 182  202 cm  73.2 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )

 724 cm (ii) tan DXC 

CD
 26.9 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig. ) CX
102.52

(b) The required angle is NAM. 73.205
AN DXC  54.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
cos NAM 
AM  The angle of elevation of D from X is 54.5.
468

724
8. (a) DE  DC 2  CE 2
NAM  36.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
 The angle between AN and AM is 36.5.  92  112 cm
 202 cm
(c)  NA is the projection of MA on plane AFED.  14.2 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
 The angle between MA and plane AFED is NAM, which
is the same as the angle found in (b). (b) AD2  AF 2  FD2  2( AF )(FD) cos AFD
 The claim is agreed.
AD  112  112  2(11)(11) cos80 cm
 14.1 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
AB  The distance between A and D is 14.1 cm.
6. (a) OM 
2
 10 cm (c) The required angle is AED.
VM  VO  OM
2 2 AE 2  DE 2  AD 2
cos AED 
2( AE )(DE)
 24 2  10 2 cm
202  202  14.1412
 26 cm 
2( 202 )( 202 )
(b) The required angle is VMO. AED  59.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
tan VMO 
VO  The angle between ED and EA is 59.7.
OM
24
 AB
10 9. tan BDA 
VMO  67.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) AD
AB  100 tan 40 m
 The angle between planes VBC and ABCD is 67.4.
 83.910 m
(c) Let N be the mid-point of AD. AC  AB
The required angle is NVM.  83.910 m

OVM  180  90  VMO AB 2  BC 2  AC 2

cos ABC 
 22.620 2( AB)(BC )
NVM  2OVM 83.910 2  80 2  83.910 2

 45.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 2(83.910)(80)
 The angle between planes VBC and VAD is 45.2. ABC  61.530
 90  ABC  90  61.530
 28.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
7. (a) ACB  180  45  30
 The compass bearing of D from B is N28.5E.
 105
BC AB

sin BAC sin ACB BF
10. (a) cos ABF 
200 sin 45 AF
BC  m
sin 105 BF  10 cos50 m
 146 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )

148  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 sin FBC 
FC BC 2  BD 2  CD 2  2( BD)(CD ) cos BDC
BF
BC  102  92  2(10)(9) cos 60 cm
FC  10 cos50 sin 28 m
FC  91 cm
sin FAC 
AF
10 cos 50 sin 28 (b) Let N be a point on BC such that AN  BC .

10 AB 2  BC 2  AC 2
cos ABC 
FAC  17.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. ) 2( AB)(BC )
 The inclination of AF is 17.6. 149  91  130

2( 149 )( 91 )
AB ABC  61.814
(b) sin AFB 
AF
AN
AB  10 sin 50 m sin ABC 
AB
BC
cos FBC  AN  149 sin 61.814 cm
BF
BC  10 cos 50 cos 28 m  10.8 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
AB  The shortest distance from A to BC is 10.8 cm.
tan ACB 
BC
10 sin 50 (c) The required angle is AND.

10 cos 50 cos 28 sin AND 
AD
ACB  53.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. ) AN
7
DAC  ACB (alt. s, DA // CB) 
 53.5
10.759
AND  40.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
 The compass bearing of F from A is N53.5E.
 The angle between planes ABC and BCD is 40.6.

1
11. (a) CY  AC 2  AY 2 (d) Volume of pyramid ABCD   Area of BCD  AD
3
 92  152 1 1
   10  9  sin 60  7 cm3
 306 3 2
 17.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. ) 105 3
 cm3
2
BY  AB2  AY 2  90.9 cm3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 4 2  152
(e) Let h cm be the shortest distance from D to plane ABC.
 241 1
Volume of ABCD   Area of ABC  h cm
 15.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. ) 3
105 3 1 1
cm    AB  BC  sin ABC  h cm
3
(b) The required angle is BYC. 2 3 2
BY 2  CY 2  BC 2 105 3 (3)(2)
cos BYC  h
2( BY )(CY ) 2( 149 )( 91 ) sin 61.814
241  306  82  5.32 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )

2( 241 )( 306 )  The shortest distance from D to plane ABC is 5.32 cm.
BYC  27.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
 The angle between CY and BY is 27.2.
13. (a) Let s cm be half of the perimeter of ABC.
(c) The required angle is CYX. 12  15  16
s
CX 2
tan CYX   21.5
YX
15 Area of ABC  21.5(21.5  12)(21.5  15)(21.5  16) cm2

9  85.451 cm2
CYX  59.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. ) 1
 Area of ABC VP  Volume of VABC
 The angle between CY and plane XYZ is 59.0. 3
3  450
VP  cm
85.451
 15.8 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
12. (a) AB  AD 2  BD 2
 7 2  102 cm (b) The required angle is VBP.
 149 cm VP
sin VBP 
VB
AC  AD 2  DC 2 
15.798
20
 7 2  92 cm
VBP  52.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 130 cm
 The angle between VB and plane ABC is 52.2.

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 149

14. (a) The required angle is CPD. 16. (a) Let M and N be the mid-points of BC and GH respectively.
tan CPD 
CD The required angle is VNM.
DP VM
8 tan VNM 
 MN
6 8

2
CPD  53.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
12
 The angle between planes BCPQ and ADPQ is 53.1.
VNM  18.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) Let XY be the line of intersection  The angle between planes VHG and BCHG is 18.4.
of planes BCPQ and MNRS,
where X and Y lie on planes (b) Let R be a point on VH such that ER  VH and GR  VH .
ABRQ and DCSP respectively. The required angle is ERG.
The required angle is CYS. VC  VM 2  MC 2
3
MC   DC 2
8 8
2
1 3       cm
 6 cm 2 2

tan CSM 
MC  32 cm
CS
6 VH  VC 2  CH 2

6  32  12 2 cm
CSM  45
 176 cm
YCS  CPD (alt. s, CS // DP)
 53.130 VE  VH  176 cm
 CYS  180  YCS  CSY VH 2  EH 2  VE 2
cos VHE 
 180  53.130  45 2(VH )(EH )
 81.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 176  82  176

 The acute angle between planes BCPQ and MNRS is 81.9. 2( 176 )(8)
VHE  72.452
ER
sin CBD sin BDC sin EHR 
15. (a)  EH
CD BC
ER  8 sin 72.452 cm
8 sin 89
sin CBD   7.627 7 cm
11
CBD  46.649 GR  ER  7.627 7 cm

BCD  180  BDC  CBD EG  EH 2  GH 2

 180  89  46.649
 82  82 cm
 44.351
BD BC  128 cm

sin BCD sin BDC ER 2  RG 2  EG 2
cos ERG 
11sin 44.351 2( ER)(RG)
BD  cm
sin 89 7.627 7 2  7.627 7 2  128
 7.69 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig. ) 
2(7.627 7)(7.627 7)

(b) (i)  AB  AD ERG  95.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

 ABD  ADB  The angle between planes VEH and VHG is 95.7.
180  47
ABD 
2
 66.5 17. (a) ME  MD2  ED2
AD BD
 3
2
sin ABD sin BAD     3 cm
2

7.690 7 sin 66.5 2

AD  cm
sin 47 45
 cm
 9.64 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 4
 3.35 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(ii) CD 2  AC 2  (82  72 ) cm2
 113 cm2
(b) HM  CH 2  CM 2
AD2  9.643 62 cm2
2
 93.0 cm2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 3
 7 2    cm
 CD 2  AC 2  AD2 2
i.e. ACD  90 205
 cm
 The angle between plane s ABC and ACD cannot be 4
represented by BCD.
 The claim is disagreed.

150  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 1
AM  HM 2  AH 2   Area of PAC  h  Volume of DPAC
3
205 280
3
  32 cm h
3
4 78

241
cm  3.59 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
4
 The shortest distance from D to plane PAC is 3.59.
 7.76 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

(c) AE  HD AB
19. (a) tan ADB 
 HC  CD
2 2 BD
AB  17 tan 35 m
 7 2  32 cm
AB
tan ACB 
 58 cm BC
AM 2  ME 2  AE 2 17 tan 35
cos AME  BC  m
2( AM )(ME) tan 25
241
 45  58  25.5 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

4 4
241 45
2( 4
)( 4
) (b) CBD  90  20
AME  75.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  110
CD 2  BC 2  BD2  2( BC)(BD) cos CBD
 [25.527 2  17 2  2(25.527)(17) cos110] m 2
18. (a) The required angle is ASB.
CD  35.2 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
BS  BC 2  CS 2
 102  42 (c) Let E be a point on CD such that AE  CD .
AEB is the greatest angle of ele vation of A from a point
 116
on CD.
AB
tan ASB  BD 2  CD 2  BC 2
BS cos BDC 
2( BD)(CD )
14
 17 2  35.1782  25.527 2
116 
2(17)(35.178)
ASB  52.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
BDC  42.992
 The angle between AS and plane BCSR is 52.4.
BE
sin BDE 
BD
(b) AP  BS
BE  17 sin 42.992 m
 116  11.592 m
AC  AB 2  BC 2 AB
tan AEB 
BE
 142  102 17 tan 35

 296 11.592
AEB  45.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
CP  CD 2  DP2
 50
 142  42
 The greatest angle of elevation of A from a point on CD
 212 is less than 50.
AP 2  AC 2  CP 2  Jacky cannot find that point.
cos PAC 
2( AP)( AC )
116  296  212

2( 116 )( 296 ) DC
20. (a) (i) tan DAC 
PAC  57.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) AC
DC  30 tan 37 m
 22.6 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(c) Let h be the shortest distance from D to plane PAC.
1  The height of D to the horizontal plane is 22.6 m.
Volume of pyramid DPAC   Area of ACD  DP
3
1 1 (ii) ACB  180  45  35
   10  14  4  100
3 2
AB AC

280 
3 sin ACB sin ABC
30 sin 100
1
Area of PAC   AP  AC  sin PAC AB  m
2 sin 35
1  51.5 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
  116  296  sin 57.339
2  The distance between Daniel and Eddy is 51.5 m.

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 151

 CB AC CG  BC 2  BG 2
(b) 
sin CAB sin ABC
30 sin 45  17 2  10 2 cm
CB  m
sin 35  389 cm
 36.984 m
Let s cm be half of the perimeter of ACG.
DC
tan DBC  650  461  389
CB s
22.607 2

36.984  Area of ACG  s(s  650 )(s  461)(s  389 ) cm2
DBC  31.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  205.748 cm2
 The angle of elevation of the kite from Eddy is 31.4. Total surface area of cuboid ABCDEFGH
(c) Suppose Alfred stands at P.  2(17  19  10  17  19  10) cm2
CPA  90  1 366 cm2
AP
cos CAP  After dividing the cuboid into two solids,
AC increase in the total surface area
AP  30 cos 45 m  2  Area of ACG
PB  AB  AP  2  205.748 cm2
 (51.509  30 cos 45) m  411.496 cm2
 30.296 m 411.496
 Percentage increase   100%
AP 1 366
 Required ratio 
PB  30.1% (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
30 cos 45

30.296 (b) Let P be a point on AC such that GP  AC , and Q be the
 1 : 1.43 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) projection of P on plane EFGH.
The required angle is GPD.
21. (a) SR  AR  AS 2 2 1
( AC )(GP)  Area of ACG
2
 3332  1082 m 205.748  2
GP  cm
 315 m 650
 The distance between S and R is 315 m.  16.140 cm
PQ
(b) Let A' be the projection of A on SP. sin PGQ 
GP
SA'
cos ASA'  10
SA 
16.140
SA'  108 cos15 m
PGQ  38.285
SA'
tan A' RS  GPD  PGQ  180 (int. s, PD // GQ)
SR
108 cos15 GPD  180  38.285

315  142 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
A' RS  18.324  The angle between planes ACD and ACG is 142.
 QRA'  90  A' RS
 90  18.324
100
 71.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 23. (a) MB  m
2
 The compass bearing of A from R is S71.7E.  50 m
FC
(c) A' P  PS  A' S tan FBC 
BC
 (240  108 cos15) m
20
PQ BC  m
tan PA' Q  tan19
A' P
315 MC  MB2  BC 2

240  108 cos15 2
 20 
PA'Q  66.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  502    m
 tan19 
 The compass bearing of B from A is S66.7W.
 76.6 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

GC
22. (a) AC  AD 2  DC 2 (b) tan GMC 
MC
 17 2  19 2 cm GC  76.641 tan 25 m
 650 cm  35.738 m
GF  GC  FC
AG  AB 2  BG 2
 (35.738  20) m
 192  102 cm  15.7 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 461 cm

152  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 (c) The smallest angle of elevation of the bird from a point 1
Volume of ABCD   Area of BCD  AB
on AB is GAC. 3
1
AC  AB 2  BC 2   25 3  15 cm3
3
2
 20   125 3 cm3
 100 2    m
 tan19   217 cm3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 115.645 m
GC (b) CD 2  BC 2  BD 2  2( BC )(BD) cos CBD
tan GAC   [102  102  2(10)(10) cos 60] cm2
AC
35.738 CD  10 cm

115.645 AC  BC 2  AB 2
GAC  17.173
 10 2  152 cm
 19
 The claim is agreed.  325 cm
AD  AC  325 cm

DC Let s cm be half of the perimeter of ACD.

24. (a) sin DAC 
AD 325  325  10
s
h  15 sin 35 2
 8.60 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  325  5
Area of ACD
AC
(b) (i) cos DAC 
AD  ( 325  5)( 325  5  325 )( 325  5  325 )( 325  5  10) cm2
AC  15 cos35 cm  7 500 cm2
 12.287 cm
 86.6 cm2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
CB  DB2  DC 2
(c) Let h cm be the shortest distance from B to plane ACD.
 182  8.603 6 2 cm
1
 15.811 cm  Area of ACD  h cm  Volume of ABCD
3
tan CAB 
CB 125 3  3
h
AC 7 500
15.811  7.5

12.287
 The shortest distance from B to plane ACD is 7.5 cm.
CAB  52.147
When CR  AB , the angle of elevation of D from R is (d)  BC  BD
the largest.  BCD is an isosceles triangle.
CR  BN  CD
sin CAR 
AC  AC  AD
CR  12.287 sin 52.147 cm
 ACD is an isosceles triangle.
 9.701 9 cm
 AN  CD
DC
tan DRC   The angle between planes ACD and BCD can be
CR
represented by ANB.
8.603 6
  The claim is agreed.
9.701 9
DRC  41.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The largest angle of elevation of D from R is 41.6. CD
26. (a) sin CBD 
BC
(ii) When CR  AB , the distance between R and D is the CD  1.75 sin 36 m
shortest.  1.03 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
DC
sin DRC 
DR CD
8.603 6 (b) tan CTD 
DR  cm TD
sin 41.567 1.75 sin 36
 12.967 cm TD  m
tan 30
 13 cm
 1.78 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 It is possible for the distance between R and D to be
shorter than 13 cm. (c) Let K be a point on AB such that TK  AB .
TDK  90  42
 48
1
25. (a) Area of BCD   BC  BD  sin CBD TK
2 sin TDK 
TD
1
  10  10  sin 60 cm2 1.75 sin 36 sin 48
2 TK  m
tan 30
 25 3 cm2

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 153

 1 BT BC
 Area of the shadow  ( AB)(TK ) 
2 sin BCT sin BTC
1  1.75 sin 36 sin 48  2 100 sin 30
 (2)  m BT  m
2  tan 30  sin 12
 1.32 m2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )  240 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The distance between B and T is 240 m.
(d) Let  be the angle of elevation of the sun.
1  1.75 sin 36 sin 48  2 BD 2  TD 2  BT 2
Area of the shadow  (2)  m (b) (i) cos BDT 
2  tan   2( BD)(TD )
 If  decreases, the area of the shadow increases. 4202  3502  240.487 2

 If the angle of elevation of the sun is less than 30, 2(420)(350)
BDT  34.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
the area of the shadow increases.
(ii) Let E be a point on BD such that TE  BD .
The required angle is TEA.
27. (a) ATB  180  40  55
 85 TA
sin TBA 
AT AB BT
 TA  240.487 sin 42 m
sin ABT sin ATB
 160.917 m
400 sin 55
AT  m TE
sin 85 sin TDE 
 329 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig. ) TD
TE  350 sin 34.920 m
CT  200.351 m
(b) tan CAT 
AT TA
sin TEA 
CT  328.912 tan 20 m TE
 120 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 160.917

 The height of C to plane ABT is 120 m. 200.351
TEA  53.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

(c)
BT

AB  The angle between plane BDT and the horizontal
sin BAT sin ATB
ground is 53.4.
400 sin 40
BT  m
sin 85
TA
 258.097 m (iii) sin TDA 
TD
CT
tan CBT  
160.917
BT 350
119.714 TDA  27.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

258.097
CBT  24.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )  When Winnie walks from B to E, the angle of
elevation increases from 42  to 53.4. When she
 The angle of elevation of C from B is 24.9. walks from E to D, the angle of elevation decreases
from 53.4 to 27.4.
(d) (i) Let K be a point on AB such that TK  AB .
TK
sin TAK  DD'
AT 29. (a) (i) sin DFD' 
DF
TK  328.912 sin 40 m
DD'  1 000 sin 17 m
 211 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
 292 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The perpendicular distance from T to AB is 211 m.
D' F
(ii) The angle of elevation of C is the largest from K. (ii) cos DFD' 
DF
CT
tan CKT  D ' F  1 000 cos17 m
TK  956.305 m
119.714
 EE '
211.421 tan EFE ' 
E'F
CKT  29.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
292.372
 40 E'F  m
tan 25
 Mandy cannot find a point P on AB such that the  626.993 m
angle of elevation of C from P is 40. D ' E ' 2  D ' F 2  E ' F 2  2( D ' F )(E ' F ) cos D ' FE '
 [956.3052  626.9932  2(956.305)(626.993) cos 50] m 2
D ' E '  732.675 m
28. (a) BTC  TCB  TBA
BTC  42  30 DE  D ' E '
 12  733 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

154  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

 EE '
(iii) sin EFE '  (d) BD2  CD 2  CB 2  2(CD )(CB ) cos BCD
EF  [102  102  2(10)(10) cos 45.244] cm2
292.372
EF  m BD  7.69 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
sin 25
 691.810 m
(e) Let F be the mid-point of AC.
DE 2  EF 2  DF 2 The required angle is DFB.
cos DEF 
2( DE)(EF )
AC 200
732.6752  691.810 2  1 000 2 DF  BF   cm  50 cm
 2 2
2(732.675)(691.810)
DF 2  BF 2  BD 2
DEF  89.1 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) cos DFB 
2( DF )(BF )
50  50  7.693 02
CE 
(b) tan CFE  2( 50 )( 50 )
EF
CE  691.810 tan 20 m DFB  65.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 251.798 m  The angle between plane s ACD and ACB is 65.9.
EF
cos CFE 
CF
691.810 31. (a) AD  AC 2  DC 2
CF  m
cos 20
2
 736.209 m 1
 12    cm
Time taken by Wilson 
736.209
s 2
5 3
 147 s (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  cm
2
251.798
Time taken by Amy  s  AG : GD  2 : 1
3
 83.9 s (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  AG 
2
AD
 Amy will reach C first. 2 1
2  3 
  cm
3  2 
30. (a) (i) AC  AD2  CD 2 3
 cm
 102  102 cm 3

 200 cm
 14.1 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) (b) RG  RA2  AG 2
2
 3
(ii) sin ACE 
AE  12    cm
 3 
AC  
AE  200 sin 40 cm 6
 cm
 9.09 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 3

(iii) DE  AD2  AE 2 (c) Let H be the centroid of RBC and K be the intersection of
RG and AH.
 10  9.090 4 cm
2 2

Consider point K and ABC.

 4.17 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
KA  KG 2  GA2
(b) The required angle is ADE.
KB  KG 2  GB2
AE
sin ADE 
AD KC  KG 2  GC 2

9.090 4  GA  GB  GC
10  KA  KB  KC
ADE  65.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. )
Consider point K and RBC.
 The inclination of plane ACD is 65.4.
Similarly, we have KR  KB  KC .
 KA  KB  KC  KR
(c) The required angle is BCD.
 The claim is agreed.
DE
tan DCE 
CD RG
4.167 1 (d) cos BRG 
 BR
10 6
DCE  22.622 
3

BCD  2DCE 1
 2  22.622 BRG  35.264
 45.2 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  OB  OR
 The angle between BC and CD is 45.2.  OBR  BRG
 35.264

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 155

 RBG  180  BGR  BRG 3
ND  AD
 180  90  35.264 1 3
 54.736 3
 (8) cm
OBG  RBG  OBR 4
 54.736  35.264  6 cm
 19.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
DH  DE 2  EH 2
 The angle of elevation of O from B is 19.5.
 52  7 2 cm
 74 cm
32. The answer is C.
ND
tan NHD 
DH
6
33. The answer is B. 
74
NHD  34.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
34. The required angle is EBD.  The angle between NH and plane CDEH is 34.9.
BD  AB 2  AD 2 CE  DH
 42  32  74 cm
5 MC
ED tan MEC 
tan EBD  CE
BD 8


2
2

5 74
EBD  21.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) MEC  24.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between BE and plane ABCD is 21.8.  The angle between ME and plane CDEH is 24.9.
 The answer is A.  AE makes the greatest angle with plane CDEH.
 The answer is A.

35. Let V ' be the projection of V on plane ABCD.

The required angle is VBV '. 37. Let x be the length of a side of the cube.
VV '  (17  10) cm QE 
3
FE
 7 cm 1 3
3x
BD  BC 2  CD 2 
4
 102  102 cm
HQ  HE 2  QE 2
 200 cm 2
 3x 
BD  x2   
V 'B   4 
2
5x
200 
 cm 4
2
PC  QE
 50 cm
3x
VV ' 
tan VBV '  4
V 'B

7 HP  HC 2  PC 2
50 2
 3x 
VBV '  44.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  x2   
 4 
 The angle between VB and plane ABCD is 44.7. 5x
 The answer is B. 
4
Let R be the projection of P on plane EFGH.

36. tan AED 

AD PQ  PR 2  QR2
DE
8  x2  x2

5  2x
AED  58.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) PQ 2  HQ2  HP2
 The angle between AE and plane CDEH is 58.0. cos  
2( PQ)(HQ)
GH ( 2 x) 2  ( 54x ) 2  ( 54x ) 2
tan GEH 
EH 
8 2( 2 x)( 54x )

7 2 2

GEH  48.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 5
 The angle between GE and plane CDEH is 48.8.  The answer is B.

156  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

38. Let P be the projection of V on plane ABCD, and VA  x . AH  AE 2  EH 2
AP
cos VAP   x 2  7 2 cm
VA
AP  x cos30  x 2  49 cm
3x  BF  BH  AH

2 CF CF CF
BP  AP  
BF BH AH
3x
 CF GH GH
 
2 BF BH AH
AB  AP 2  BP 2  tan c  tan b  tan a
2 2  cba
 3x   3x 
      The answer is D.
 2   2 
   
3x 2
 DC
2 42. tan DAC 
AC
VA  VB  AB
2 2 2
cos AVB  AC 
5
m
2(VA)(VB) tan 29
x2  x2  3 x2  9.020 2 m

2

2( x)(x) DC
tan DBC 
1 BC

4 5
BC  m
AVB  75.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) tan 32
 8.001 7 m
 The answer is B.
AB 2  BC 2  AC 2
cos ABC 
2( AB)(BC )
39. Let BG  x .
10 2  8.001 7 2  9.020 2 2
BG 
cos FBG  2(10)(8.001 7)
BF
x ABC  58.900
BF 
cos 60
 2x
FG
tan FBG 
BG
FG  x tan 60
 3x
Similarly, BH  2x and GH  3 x .
As shown in the figure,
FH  FG 2  GH 2   ABC  20
 ( 3 x) 2  ( 3 x) 2  38.900
 The true bearing of D from B is 039 (corr. to the nearest degree).
 6x
 The answer is B.
BF  BH  FH
2 2 2
cos FBH 
2( BF )(BH )
(2 x) 2  (2 x) 2  ( 6 x) 2 DC
 43. tan DBC 
2(2 x)(2 x) CB
1
 CB 
65
m
4 tan 28
FBH  76 (corr. to the nearest degree)  122.247 m
 The answer is A. sin ACB sin CAB

AB CB
83 sin 67
40. The answer is C. sin ACB 
122.247
ACB  38.681
41. Let BF  x cm. ABC  180  CAB  ACB
 180  67  38.681
BH  BF 2  HF 2
 74.319
 x 2  (12  7) 2 cm

 x 2  25 cm

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 157

 AC AB BE BC
 
sin ABC sin ACB sin ECB sin BEC
83 sin 74.319 x sin 30
AC  m BE  cm
sin 38.681 sin 120
 128 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 
x
cm
 The answer is C. 3
AB2  AE 2  BE 2
2
44. Let N be the projection of M on plane ACDE, and AB  x .  x 
x 2  (2 3 ) 2   
 3
AB  
sin AMB  2 2
AM x  12
x 3
AM 
sin 38 x 2  18
BC x3 2
sin BAC 
AB  The side of the tetrahedron is 3 2 cm.
BC  x sin 31  The answer is C.
MN
sin MAN 
AM
47. - 52. Solutions are not available for the public exam questions due
x sin 31
 x
to copyright restrictions.
sin 38

 sin 31 sin 38

MAN  18.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The inclination of AM is 18.5. (page 3.52)

 The answer is B.
(a) (i) Its height is AD.
1 1 
45. Let EF  x . (ii) Volume of pyramid ACED     x2   x
3 2 
ED
cos FED  x3
EF 
6
ED  x cos 25
BF (b) Let h be the required height.
tan BEF 
EF 1
 Are a of ACE  h  Volu me of p y r a mid ACED
BF  x tan 65 3
3  Volu me of p y r a mid ACED
DE h
tan DAE  Area of ACE
AE
x cos 25 x3
 From (a)(ii), volume of pyramid ACED 
x tan 65 6
cos 25 Also, the area of ACE can be found by Heron’s formula. Thus,
 the height of pyramid ACED from D to plane ACE can be found.
tan 65
DAE  22.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The compass bearing of F from A is S22.9E.
 The answer is C. (page 3.52)

(a) In ABV, p 2  q 2  c 2
46. Consider the regular tetrahedron ABCD, E is the projection of A
In ACV, p 2  r 2  b2
on plane BCD.
In BCV, q 2  r 2  a 2
In ABC,
b2  c2  a 2
cos BAC 
2bc
( p2  r 2 )  ( p2  q2 )  (q2  r 2 )

2bc
2 p2

Let BC  x cm . 2bc
p2
 BEC  CED  DEB 
bc
 BE  CE  DE and
 p, b and c are positive.
BEC  CED  DEB
 cosBAC  0
360
 BEC   120  BAC is an acute angle.
3
EBC  ECB Similarly, we can use the cosine formula to prove that ABC and
EBC  ECB  BEC  180 BCA are acute angles.
2ECB  120  180 Therefore, ABC must be an acute-angled triangle.
ECB  30  The claim is agreed.

158  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

(b) Let D be a point lying on BC such that Concept Checkpoint 3.3 (page 3.8)
AD  BC , then AD is a line of greatest
1. (a) CAN
slope on plane ABC and VD  BC .
(b) EMN
Let VD  h and AD  x .
In ADV, h  p  x
2 2 2 (c) MEN
2
1 
K 2   ax  2. (a) CGM
2 
(b) AEF, BHG [ Any one ]
1
 a2 x2 (c) DAF, CBG [ Any one ]
4
1
 a 2 (h 2  p 2 ) (d) NMD, NMF [ Any one ]
4
1 2 2 1 2 2 3. (a) AVN
 a h  a p
4 4
(b) VNM
1 2 2 1 2 2
 a h  p (q  r 2 ) (c) BPD
4 4
1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 (d) MVN
 a h  p q  p r
4 4 4
2 2 2
1  1  1 
  ah    pq    pr  Concept Checkpoint 3.4 (page 3.28)
2  2  2 
1. (a) The compass bearing of P from A is N20E.
 N 2  L2  M 2
L M N
2 2 2 (b) 360  50  310
 The suggestion is agreed.  The true bearing of P from B is 310.

2. (a) ECB  68 (alt. s, // lines)

ECR  ECB  BCR
 68  19
 49

Concept Checkpoint 3.1 (page 3.6)

REC  180  85  49
 46
1. POA, POB, POC, POD, POE
(b)
2. (a) BAF, DAF, CAF, BAD, EAB, GAD
(b) EF, GH, BC, AD [ Any two ]
(c) GM
(d) AD

3. (a) VEA, VEB, VEC, VED

  19 (alt. s, // lines)
(b) VE
  85  
(c)  ADV  90
 66
 AD is not a normal of plane VDC.
 The compass bearing of P from R is N66W.
 The claim is disagreed.

Concept Checkpoint 3.2 (page 3.7)

1. (a) VBE
(b) VME Classwork 3.1 (page 3.13)

(a)
2. (a) EBD
(b) BFC
(c) AEF, DEF [ Any one ]

3. (a) EBD
(b) HBC
The required angle is BPC.
(c) EBH
PC  DC 2  PD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
 52  82
 89

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 159

 BC (c) The required angle is QML.
tan BPC 
PC QML  90  QMR

7  60.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
89  The angle between planes QMN and LMN is 60.3.
BPC  36.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between BP and
Classwork 3.3 (page 3.15)
plane CDPS is 36.6.
(a) The required distance is VN.
(b) QB  PC AC  AB 2  BC 2
 89  62  62

BS  BC 2  CS 2 (Pyth. theorem)  72
1
 7 2  82 NC  AC
2
 113
 18
QS  QR2  RS 2 (Pyth. theorem)
VN  VC 2  NC 2
 52  7 2
 10 2  ( 18 ) 2
 74
 82
In BQS, by the cosine formula,  9.06 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
( 89 ) 2  ( 113 ) 2  ( 74 ) 2  The shortest distance from V to AC is 9.06.
cos QBS 
2( 89 )( 113 )
QBS  50.3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) (b) The required angle is BNC.
 The angle between BQ and BS is 50.3. BNC  90 (prop. of square)
 The angle between planes VNB and VNC is 90.
(c) Let h be the shortest distance from R to plane BQS.
1 (c) Let X and Y be the mid-points of AB and CD respectively.
Volume of pyramid BRQS   Area of QRS  RB
3
1 1
  5 7 8
3 2
140

3
1
Area of BQS  (QB)(BS ) sin QBS
2
1
  89  113  sin QBS
2
1 1 140 The required angle is XVY.
   89  113  sin QBS  h 
3 2 3  XVY  3
140  2 tan  
h  2  82
89  113  sin QBS XVY  36.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 3.63 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)  The angle between planes VAB and
 The shortest distance from R to plane BQS is 3.63.
VCD is 36.7.

(d) Let M be a point on VC such that

Classwork 3.2 (page 3.14) BM  VC and DM  VC .
(a) The required angle is LNM. The required angle is BMD.
In LNM, In BCV,
4 3
tan LNM  cos BCV 
6 10
LNM  33.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) BCV  72.542
 The angle between planes LNPQ and MNPR is 33.7. sin BCV 
BM
BC
(b) The required angle is QMR. BM  5.724
In QMR,  DM  BM  5.724
4
tan QMR  BD  AC  72
7
QMR  29.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig. ) By the cosine formula,
BM 2  DM 2  BD2
 The angle between planes QMN and MNPR is 29.7. cos BMD 
2( BM )(DM )
BMD  95.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between planes VBC and VCD is 95.7.

160  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

Classwork 3.4 (page 3.17) (c) In ACF,
AC  AF cos 
(a) In PQR,
 70 cos m
PQ  8, QM  4, PM  QM
In ACG,
 PM  PQ  QM
2 2
GC
tan GAC 
 8 4
2 2 AC
 48 1 875 sin 17  15

 6.93 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 70 cos 
GAC  21.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b) The required angle is PMS.  The angle of elevation of G from A is 21.9.

SM  PM  48
PM 2  SM 2  PS 2
 cos PMS  Classwork 3.6 (page 3.27)
2( PM )(SM )
(a) By the cosine formula,
( 48 )  ( 48 )  8
2 2 2
 CD 2  BC 2  BD2  2( BC )(BD) cos CBD
2( 48 )( 48 )
 (2102  902  2  210  90  cos130) m2
PMS  70.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
CD  277 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between planes PQR and SQR is 70.5.
By the sine formula,
(c) Let P' be the projection of P on plane QRS. sin BDC sin 130

In PMP', 210 m CD
sin PMP' 
PP ' BDC  35.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
PM
PP '
sin PMS  (b)  The distance of P from B is the shortest.
48  BP  CD
PP'  6.53 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) In BPD,
 The shortest distance from P to plane QRS is 6.53. DP  BD cosBDP
 90 cosBDC m
(d) Let N be the mid-point of RS.  73.2 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 QRS is an equilateral triangle.
 SM and QN are the perpendicular bisectors of QR and RS (c) (i) AP is a line of greatest slope on plane ACD.
respectively.  The required angle is APB.
 P ' lies on both SM and QN. In BPD,
 The projection of P on plane QRS is the circumcentre of BP  BD sin BDP
QRS.  90 sin BDC m
 The claim is agreed. In APB,
AB
tan APB 
BP
64
Classwork 3.5 (page 3.25) 
90 sin BDC
(a) In ABF,
APB  50.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
BF  70 2  552 m  The angle between planes ACD and BCD is 50.7.
 1 875 m
In BCF, (ii) AC  AB 2  BC 2
FC  BF sin 17  64 2  210 2 m
 1 875 sin 17 m  48 196 m
 12.7 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The length of FC is 12.7 m. AD  AB 2  BD 2
 642  902 m
(b) Let  be the inclination of path AF.  12 196 m
In ACF, AP
cos CAP 
FC
sin   AC
AF AP
cos DAP 
1 875 sin 17 AD

70  AC  AD
  10.4 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 cosCAP  cosDAP
 The inclination of path AF is 10.4. i.e. CAP  DAP
 AP is not the angle bisector of CAD.

 2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved. 161

Classwork 3.7 (page 3.29) (c) Let Q be a point on the inclined
plane vertically above C, and R
(a) In ACD,
be the projection of Y on ABCD.
3
AC  m AXB  180  90  36
tan 20
 54
 8.24 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
YXQ  180  54  78
(b)   30 (alt. s, // lines)  48
XQ  XY cos 48
In ABC,
 95 cos 48 m
BAC  90  
 60 BQ  BX  XQ
By the sine formula,  (210 sin 36  95 cos 48) m
3
m BC  BQ cos17
BC tan 20
  (210 sin 36  95 cos 48) cos17 m
sin 60 sin( 30  65)
3 sin 60 YQ  XY sin 48
BC  m  95 sin 48 m
tan 20 sin 95
 7.17 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) RC  YQ
 95 sin 48 m
RC
tan RBC 
Classwork 3.8 (page 3.30) BC
95 sin 48
(a) PQR  180  62  23 
(210 sin 36  95 cos 48) cos17
 95
RBC  21.543
By the cosine formula,  ABR  90  RBC
PR2  PQ2  QR2  2( PQ)(QR) cos PQR  68.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 (452  212  2  45  21  cos95) m2  The compass bearing of Y from B is N68.5E.
PR  51.3 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) The required angle is SRP. Classwork 3.10 (page 3.33)

SP
tan SRP  (a) The required angle is BDC in Figure II.
PR
SRP  36.5 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) BD2  DC 2  BC 2
cos BDC 
 The angle of elevation of S from R is 36.5. 2( BD)(DC)
BDC  52.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(c) By the sine formula,  The angle between plane s ADB and ADC in Figure II is 52.8.
sin RPQ sin PQR

RQ PR (b) Let N be a point on BC produced such
21sin 95 m that DN  BC .
sin RPQ 
PR The required distance is DN.
RPQ  24.071 1
 Area of BDC   BC  DN
2
 62  RPQ  37.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
Are a o f BDC  2
 The compass bearing of R from S is N37.9E. DN 
BC
 3.52 cm (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The shortest distance from D to BC in Figure II is 3.52 cm.
Classwork 3.9 (page 3.31)

(a) AB  AX cos36 (c) The required angle is DND'.

 210 cos36 m DD'
 170 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) sin DND' 
DN
DND'  54.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b) BX  AX sin 36
 The angle between planes DBC and ABC in Figure II is 54.9.
 210 sin 36 m
Let P be the projection of X on ABCD.
BP  BX cos17
 210 sin 36 cos17 m
In APB,
BP Stage Assessment 3.1 (page 3.9)
tan BAP 
AB Part 1: Check Yourself
210 sin 36 cos17
 1. 
210 cos 36
BAP  34.8 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.) 2. 
 The compass bearing of X from A is S34.8E. 3. 
4. 
5. 

162  2016 Chung Tai Educational Press. All rights reserved.

Part 2: Challenge Yourself In BDH,
BH
1. BGF, FGH, FGC sin BDH 
BD
2. SQ 7 sin 25

149
3. RE
BDH  14.0 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
4. SHQ  The angle between BD and plane CDEF is 14.0.
5. EBD
6. PHB 2. (a) Let D be the mid-point of AB.
7. PRQ, AED, BHC [ Any one ] The required distance is VD.
VD  VA2  AD 2
2
 16 
Stage Assessment 3.2 (page 3.17)  102    cm
 2
Part 1: Check Yourself  6 cm
1.   The shortest distance from V to AB is 6 cm.
2.  (b) The required angle is VDC.
3.  CD  AC 2  AD 2
2
4.   16 
 17 2    cm
 2
Part 2: Challenge Yourself  15 cm

1. (a) In ADE, by the cosine formula, In VCD, by the cosine formula,

CD 2  VD 2  VC 2
AE 2  AD2  DE 2  2( AD)(DE) cos ADE cos VDC 
2(CD )(VD)
 (7 2  7 2  2  7  7  cos 25) m 2
 (98  98 cos 25) m 2 152  62  102

2(15)(6)
AE  3.03 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
VDC  26.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The distance between A and E is 3.03 m.
 The angle between planes VAB and ABC is 26.6.
(b) The required angle is ACF.
(c) The required angle is VCD.
AC  CD 2  AD 2 In VCD, by the cosine formula,
 10 2  7 2 m VC 2  CD 2  VD 2
cos VCD 
 149 m 2(VC )(CD )
EF  DC 102  152  6

 10 m 2(10)(15)
AF 2  AE 2  EF 2 VCD  15.6 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 [(98  98 cos 25)  10 ] m
2 2  The angle between VC and plane ABC is 15.6.
 (198  98 cos 25) m2
(d) Let E be the projection of V on plane ABC.
In ACF, by the cosine formula, VE  VC sin VCE
AC 2  CF 2  AF 2  10 sin VCD cm
cos ACF 
2( AC )(CF ) 1
Volume of pyramid VABC   Area of ABC  VE
3
( 149 ) 2  7 2  (198  98 cos 25)
 1 1
2( 149 )(7)    16  15  10 sin VCD cm3
3 2
ACF  58.7 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 107 cm3 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The angle between AC and CF is 58.7.

(c) BD  AC (prop. of rectangle)

 149 m Stage Assessment 3.3 (page 3.33)

Let H be the projection of B on plane CDEF. Part 1: Check Yourself

The required angle is BDH. 1. (a) 
In BCH, (b) 
BH  BC sin 25
 7 sin 25 m 2. (a) 
(b) 

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Part 2: Challenge Yourself In AEF,
EF
1. (a) ABD  90  55 tan EAF 
AF
 35
CD
DAB  180  35  93 
AF
 52 52 sin 54 tan15
 
  270  52 sin 15 cos54 52
 322 EAF  54.9 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The true bearing of C  The compass bearing of C from A is N54.9W.
from A is 322.

(b) In ABD, by the sine formula,

AD 48 m

sin 35 sin 93
48 sin 35
AD  m
sin 93
 27.6 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

(c) In ACD,
CD
tan CAD 
AD
48 sin 35 tan 65
CD  m
sin 93
 59.1 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)
 The height of tower CD is 59.1 m.

(d) Let Y be a point on BA such that CY  BA .

Since CY is a line of greatest slope on plane ABC, CXD
attains its maximum when X locates at Y.
Thus, the angle of elevation of C from X increases as X
moves from B to Y and decreases as X moves from Y to A.

2. (a) In ADF,
DF
sin DAF 
AD
52
AD  m
sin 15
 201 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b) In ACD,
AD
cos CAD 
AC
52
AC  m
sin 15 cos54
 342 m (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

(c) The required angle is CAE.

In ACE,
CE
sin CAE 
AC
52
 52
sin 15 cos 54

CAE  8.75 (corr. to 3 sig. fig.)

 The inclination of AC is 8.75.

(d) In ADF,
DF
tan DAF 
AF
52
AF  m
tan15
In ACD,
CD
sin CAD 
AC
52 sin 54
CD  m
sin 15 cos54

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