PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
AIMS OF RESEARCH
• VERIFICATION of existing knowledge
• ACQUISITION of new knowledge
• APPLICATION of new knowledge
• ADVANCEMENT of expertise in a field
CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
BASED ON PURPOSE
• BASIC/PURE RESEARCH – purpose is to
generate knowledge.
• APPLIED RESEARCH – purpose is to find
solutions.
BASED ON APPROACH OR NEEDED DATA
QUALITATIVE – handles narrative data and seeks
to explore subjective meanings of experiences
of a person, a group of people or a social unit.
QUANTITATIVE – a systematic investigation of
observable phenomena where the researcher
gathers quantitative o numerical data and
subjects them to statistical methods.
• Highly deductive as it uses data to test
hypotheses and theories.
• Utilizes hypothesis testing.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
1. SYSTEMATIC – follows a set of
predetermined steps.
2. BUILDS ON THE WORKS OF OTHERS –
anchored on previous studies.
3. GENERALIZABLE – findings should be
applicable to people and setting other
than participants.
4. CONTROLLED – requires situation
creation to minimize bias.
5. EMPIRICALLY VERIFIABLE
STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• Can be replicated.
• Provides generalizable findings.
• Can establish causality more
conclusively.
• Can make predictions based on
numerical, quantifiable data.
• Data gathering techniques are typically
less demanding compared with QL
• Validity and reliability is measurable
WEAKNESS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• Cannot provide in depth information
needed for explaining phenomena.
• Lacks the ability to provide
comprehensive textual description of
human experiences.
• Less flexibility
• Respondents may not be truthful.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
1. DESCRIPTIVE
- observe and report.
- Univariate
• Nurses Competency in caring for COVID-
19 patients.
• Biological Quality of drinking water in
Centro escolar University
2. CORRELATIONAL
- Determines the nature of a
relationship between variables
without looking into the cause.
• Relationship of Dental Anxiety and
Dental Health among School- aged
Children in the City of Malolos
3. EX POST FACTO
- To infer the causes of a
phenomenon which has occurred.
• Effect of Preschool Attendance and
Their Social maturity at Grade 1
 4. EXPERIMENTAL
- Determine cause and effect.
• Effect of Mobile Technology Use on
Walking
5. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
- No random assignment of subjects
to study groups.
• Use of humour in teaching biology
IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE – things that vary/not the same.
CONSTANT – does not vary.
___________________________
RESEARCH GAP
- A question or problem that has not
been answered by any of the
existing studies.

IN EDUCATION… RESEARCH QUESTION

• Results are used to assess the - A question that a study aims to

effectiveness of various teaching answer.
methods.
• used to know satisfaction of NUMERIC
stakeholders.
• Interests of different groups can be - Variables that describe a number or
enhanced by using the best practices in quantity; can be measured
the field of education - How many or how much
• DISCRETE
AMONG BUSINESSES… - Fixed and countable, without
• Results are used to improve marketing limitations
strategies • CONTINUOUS
• Used to determine methods in - measurable
improving products and services CATEGORICAL
MEDICAL AND HEALTH ALLIED SCIENCE… - variables with values that describe a
• Scientific investigations on healthcare characteristic or quality
procedures are continuously conducted - what type or which category
• New medication and treatment • NOMINAL
discovery - Cannot be organized logically.
• Aids in determining effectiveness of • ORDINAL
treatments. - Can take value and be logically
arranged.
IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY… • DICHOTOMOUS
- Represents two categories.
• Used to innovate new devices and
system aiming to improve quality of life EXPERIMENTAL
• Can lead to more responsible handling
of technology. • INDEPENDENT
- Manipulated in an experiment that
causes change.
 - Aka manipulated/explanatory 1. RATIONALE
variable. 2. SETTING
• DEPENDENT 3. BASIC LITERATURE FOUNDATION (3)
- Response or prediction 4. GENERAL OBJECTIVE
- Aka response/predicted variable 5. OVERALL PURPOSE
• EXTRANEOUS
- Existing variable that should be
investigated because it can affect MEANING OF SMART?
the study.
S- PECIFIC
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
M- EASURABLE
• PREDICTOR
- Changes other variables in the study A – TTAINABLE
• CRITERION R – ELEVANT
- Influenced usually by the predictor.
T- TIME BOUND
TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. FACTOR – ISOLATION
- Naming
2. FACTOR – RELATING
- The relation between A&B
3. SITUATION – RELATING
- effects
4. SITUATION – PRODUCING
- Output

CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH

TITLE
1. SIGNIFICANT
2. RESEARCHABLE
3. FEASIBLE

GOOD SOURCES OF RESEARCH TITLE

1. EXPERIENCE
2. EXPERTS
3. ISSUES
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
5. PRACTICES

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY,

ELEMENTS