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Octavio Lázaro-Mancilla , Joann M. Stock , Delia Moreno-Ayala , Francisco Romero-Ríos, Alma A. Contreras-Corvera , Alejandro Hidrogo-Ramos , Antonio González-Fernandez , Mario González-Escobar , Elia Leyva-Sánchez , , Jaime A.
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Reyes-López , Jorge Ramírez-Hernández , Concepción Carreón-Diazconti , Dina L. López .
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Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, División de Ciencias de la Tierra, CICESE, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, CALTECH, Departamento de
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Información Geográfica, SIDUE, Department of Geological Sciences, Ohio University, Facultad de Ingeniería, UABC, Desarrollo Integral Manos Unidas A. C.
ABSTRACT
We conducted field geophysical measurements in areas in the City of Mexicali that are as- Geophones frequency 22 Hz Single Channel:
sociated with geological faults, fissures, and fractures. The study sites are: - Selection of channel number(1 per shot, trace 2)
- Frequency filtering (20-25-160-200 Hz)
Station Spacing 1m - f-k filtering for attenuation of ground roll
- Spherical Divergence
Shot increment 2m - Predictive Deconvolution
1) Instituto Tecnologico de Mexicali Channel numbers 24 Multi Channel(additional):

2) The buried trace of the Michoacan de Ocampo fault in the urban zone Fold of coverage 6
- Geometry
- Statics (correction shooting time)
- Velocity Analysis
3) Río Nuevo Number of shots
Stacking
321
3
- Residual statics
- NMO

4) A site reported by Frez (2013) with ground rupture SW of Cerro Prieto Record Length 1s
- Stacking
- f-k filtering

At Site 1, seismic reflection profiling used a cable with 24 geophones at 1 m spacing. The 222Radon
source was a 3.6 kg sledge hammer, with 3 impacts per shot point. 347 shot points at 2 m Boreholes The RAD7 from Durridge Company is a
spacing provided 6 fold coverage along a straight line with minimal elevation changes.
Sampling Sites: Instituto Tecnológico de Mexicali (ITM)

Borehole 1
UTM 11S650484.43 E
Borehole 2
UTM 11S650586.25 E
Borehole 3
UTM 11S650706.28 E
continuous radon monitor based on the alpha
3610535.12 N 3610534.24 N 3610533.27 N
spectrometry technique. It uses a solid state
Sample rate was 2000/s, and record length 1 s; reflections were seen down to 0.3 s TWTT. Depth (m)

0 - 1.20 Silt
Field Clasification

Sand/Silt Silt
Sampling
time
Borehole 1

7:06
Sampling
time
Borehole 2

9:22
Sampling
time
Borehole 3

12:00
Sampling date
semiconductor detector that directly converts
an alpha radiation to electrical signal.
Processing included: frequency filter, fk filter, predictive deconvolution, geometry, velocity 1.20 - 2.40

2.40 - 3.60

3.60 - 4.80
Silt/Clay

Clay/Silt

Clay
Silt

Silt/Clay

Clay
Silt

Clay/Silt

Clay/Silt
7:10

7:15

7:20
9:26

9:30

9:36
12:07

12:12

12:17
Soil gas probe depth
Cycle
60 cm
5 minutos
analysis, NMO and stacking. Lateral changes in the seismic section are due to surface 4.80 - 6.0

6.0 - 7.20
Clay

Clay
Clay

Clay/Sand
Clay/Silt

Clay
7:25

7:30
9:45

9:49
12:23

12:30 August 23, 2014

Recycle
Purge
10
10 minutos
modification and/or the presence of faults.
7.20 - 8.40 Clay Clay/Sand Lsilt/Clay 7:38 10:23 12:40

8.40 - 9.60 mud Clay Clay 8:05 10:24 13:04

Cycle for background 5 minutos
9.60 - 10.80 Clay/Silt Clay Sand /mud 8:30 10:34 13:22

10.80 - 12.0 Clay/Silt saturated Silt/Sand Sand/ mud 8:34 10:39 13:25 Recycle for background 3
12.0 - 13.20 Clay/Silt/Sand saturated Silt/Sand Sand/silt/mud 8:40 10:42 13:27

222
At site 2, we measured Radon in 36 locations along 17 profiles across the fault, using
inherent alpha spectrometry with a Durridge RAD7 detector. Each site was measured at a
222Radon/Seismic/GPR
depth of 60 cm, with 31 five-minute readings in a 3 hour period, interspersed with 10 Ground Penetrating Radar
W E

minutes of background purge and 3 five-minute background measurements. In a profile

W E

parallel to the fault, 78% of the readings were > 100 pCi/L, confirming the presence of the
fault along the swath surveyed.
Antenna separation 1m
Station spacing (stepsize) 0.25 m

At Site 3 we compiled observations of post-earthquake cracks, conducted reconnaissance, Operating frequency

Time-depth conversion
100 MHz
0.12 m/ns

and measured some profiles using 100 MHz GPR. These observations showed that the Operation mode Common offset,
single fold
reflection survey

cracks are associated with ground failure due to earthquake shaking.

222
At Site 4 our new Radon gas measurements complemented a pre-existing profile that
222
had high Radon values lacking a structural explanation. Related to this we found that
this region has two NW-SE trending features: a magnetic anomaly low of 360 nT (Evans,
Summer and Castillo, 1972) and a graben reported by the Mexican Geological Survey in
2003.

Earthquake patterns and seismic studies in a wider area north of the border indicate a possi-
ble buried fault a few km west of the Imperial fault, as well as short NE-striking faults con-
trolling basement structure. These results highlight some very useful methods for finding
fault traces in a flat region covered with agricultural fields or disturbed by anthropogenic
activity.
References:
Evans, K. R., Sumner J. S and Castillo, L. Exploration Significance of Recent Geophysical
nd
Surveys in the Mexicali-Cerro Prieto Geothermal Area. 42 Annual Meeting Society of
Exploration Geophysicists. p. 171. Anaheim, California. U. S. A., 1972.
Frez, J., Acosta, J., Nava A. Evidencia Sismológica de un Sistema de Fracturas Secunda-
rias en el Límite Cuenca Laguna Salada/Valle Mexicali. Sesión Regular Sismología, Conclusions:
Reunión Anual de la Unión Geofísica Mexicana 2013. p. 143. Geos, Vol. 33, No. 1. Puer- -Structures are observed in seismic reflection line to a depth of 0.3 s (150 m).
to Vallarta, Jalisco, México. 2013. -Correlation between seismic structure, GPR and Radon measurements
Servicio Geológico Mexicano. Carta Geológico-Minera Mexicali I11-12 Baja California y -High levels of Radon.
Sonora. Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. 2013 -Possible source of radon channeled by faults , fissures and fractures