1.conference Paper

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 5

E3S Web of Conferences 309, 01191 (2021) https://doi.org/10.

1051/e3sconf/202130901191
ICMED 2021

&RPSDULVRQ RI VRLO PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW PHDVXUHPHQW EHWZHHQ


,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV ,R7 DQGWUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGV
Swetha*XGXUX Dr. Radhika.Chandana6XNHVKDQGSrilakshmi3

$VVLDWDQW3URIHVVRU'HSWRI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ*RNDUDMX5DQJDUDMX,QVWLWXWHRI(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFK+\GHUDEDG7HODQJDQD
3URIHVVRU'HSWRI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ6W3HWHU¶V(QJLQHHULQJFROOHJH+\GHUDEDG7HODQJDQD
$VVLDWDQW3URIHVVRU'HSWRI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ9DVLUHGG\9HQNDWDGUL,QVWLWXWHRIWHFKQRORJ\1DPEXU$QGKUD3UDGHVK
$VVLDWDQW3URIHVVRU'HSWRI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ595 -&&ROOHJHRI(QJLQHHULQJ*XQWXU$QGKUD3UDGHVK

$EVWUDFW6RLOLVDFRPSRVLWLRQRI6DQG6LOWDQG&OD\)URPWKUHHSKDVHFRQFHSWLWLVFOHDUWKDWWKHVRLO
FRQVLVWVRIVROLGVZDWHUDQGDLU7KHUDWLRRIZHLJKWRIZDWHUWRZHLJKWRIVROLGVIRUDJLYHQVRLOPDVVLV
NQRZQDVZDWHUFRQWHQWRIVRLO,QRWKHUZRUGVWKHZDWHUFRQWHQW Z DOVRNQRZQDVQDWXUDOZDWHUFRQWHQW
RUQDWXUDOPRLVWXUHFRQWHQW:DWHUFRQWHQWLVXVHGLQDZLGHUDQJHRIVFLHQWLILFDQGWHFKQLFDODUHDVDQGLV
H[SUHVVHGDVDUDWLRZKLFKFDQUDQJHIURP]HURWRWKHYDOXHRIWKHVRLOSRURVLW\DWVDWXUDWLRQ7UDGLWLRQDOO\
WKHZDWHUFRQWHQWLVPHDVXUHGE\S\FQRPHWHURURYHQGU\PHWKRGVZKLFKZRXOGJHQHUDOO\WDNHKRXUVWR
GHWHUPLQHWKHZDWHUFRQWHQWVRLO$VWKHWLPHLVLPSRUWDQWWKHVHGD\VVHYHUDOVPDUWDGYDQFHVDUHRFFXUUHG
LQGHWHUPLQLQJWKHPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWWKURXJK,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV ,R7 ,QWKLVSURMHFWWKHZDWHUFRQWHQWRI
VRLOLVPHDVXUHGWKURXJK,R7VHQVRUVDQGWUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGV3UHVHQWZRUNLQYROYHVLQZKLFKGLIIHUHQWVRLO
VDPSOHV DUH WDNHQ DORQJ WKH URDG FRQVWUXFWLRQ VLWH DQG FODVVLI\LQJ WKHP ZLWK WKH KHOS RI VLHYH DQDO\VLV
$WWHUEHUJOLPLWVDQGSODVWLFLW\FKDUWDQGPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWPHDVXUHPHQWXVLQJLQWHUQHWRIWKLQJV ,R7 DQG
WUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGV DUHFRPSDUHG $OVR ILQG DSRVVLEOHFRUUHODWLRQGHYHORSHG EHWZHHQ WKHVRLOPRLVWXUH
FRQWHQWE\WUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGVDQGWKURXJK,R7

,QWURGXFWLRQ WKHWHFKQRORJ\DGYDQFHGWKHHGD\VWKHUHDUHPDQ\VXFK
ZD\V DUH UHDGLO\ DYDLODEOH LQ GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH PRLVWXUH
7KH ZDWHU FRQWHQW LV LGHQWLILHG DV WKH EDVLF SURSHUW\ FRQWHQW RI WKH VRLOV 2QH VXFK PHWKRG LV EHHQ PRUH
ZKLFK LPSDFWVWKH EHKDYLRXURIVRLOV0RLVWXUHFRQWHQW SRSXODU LV WKDW PHDVXULQJ RI PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW WKURXJK
RIVRLOLVGHILQHGDVWKHUDWLRRIPDVVRIZDWHUWRWKHPDVV ,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJV ,R7 ,QWKLVZRUNDQHIIRUWZDVPDGH
RIVROLGVSUHVHQWLQWKHVRLOVDPSOH7KHPHDVXUHPHQWRI WRHVWDEOLVKWKHFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWV
ZDWHUFRQWHQWSURYLGHVDEDVLVIRUVRLOFODVVLILFDWLRQDQG GHWHUPLQHGE\WKHDFFXUDWHWUDGLWLRQDORYHQGU\PHWKRGV
DQLQGLFDWLRQRIHQJLQHHULQJSURSHUWLHVRIPDLQO\FOD\H\ DQG,R7
VRLOV,WLVSUREDEO\WKHVLQJOHPRVWLPSRUWDQWWHVWFDUULHG
RXWLQURXWLQHJHRWHFKQLFDOHQJLQHHULQJZRUNDQGKDVWKH
DGYDQWDJH RI EHLQJ HTXDOO\ YDOLG RQ XQGLVWXUEHG DQG ,R7DQG,QVWUXPHQWV8VHG
GLVWXUEHG VDPSOHV 0DQ\ UHVHDUFKHV KDYH SXEOLVKHG
,R7 LV ,QWHUQHW 2I 7KLQJV ZKLFK KDV WZR NH\ ZRUGV
DUWLFOHVIRUGLIIHUHQWVRLOW\SHVIRUHVWLPDWLQJWKHWHQWDWLYH
,QWHUQHWDQG7KLQJV,QWHUQHWLVDQHWZRUNZKLFKDFWVDVD
SK\VLFDODQGHQJLQHHULQJSURSHUWLHVLQUHODWLRQZLWKWKH
PHGLXPWKURXJKZKLFKDOORXUGHYLFHVDUHJHWFRQQHFWHG
ZDWHUFRQWHQW
DQGWKH7KLQJVDUHDQ\REMHFWVZLWKLQWHOOLJHQFHWKDWDUH
&ODVVLFDOVRLOPRLVWXUHPHDVXUHPHQWLQYROYHVUHPRYLQJ
FRQQHFWHGWRWKHLQWHUQHW,R7LVDSODWIRUPZKHUHUHJXODU
PRLVWXUH IURP WKH VRLO VDPSOH E\ HYDSRUDWLRQ E\ 2YHQ
GHYLFHVDUHFRQQHFWHGWRWKHLQWHUQHWVRWKH\FDQLQWHUDFW
GU\PHWKRGVZKLFKZRXOGWDNHPD[LPXPRIKRXUVRI
FROODERUDWHDQG([FKDQJHGDWDZLWKHDFKRWKHU
WLPHIRUWKHZKROHSURFHVV,QFRUUHFWUHVXOWVFDQWDNHSODFH
7KH IROORZLQJ ,QVWUXPHQWV XVHG WR GHWHUPLQH WKH
ZKHUH VDPSOHV DUH QRW WHVWHG IRU ZDWHU FRQWHQW DIWHU
PRLVWXUHFRQWHQWXVLQJ,R7
VDPSOLQJ 7KH VWRUDJH RI WKH VDPSOHV WR SUHVHUYH WKH
ZDWHU FRQWHQW LV YHU\ LPSRUWDQW XQWLO WKH VDPSOHV DUH
WHVWHG LQ WKH ODERUDWRU\ 7KH HIIRUW RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO $UGXLQR8QR5&RPSDWLEOHERDUG
SURFHVV RI GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW ZLOO WDNH
PRUHWLPHIURPWKHVDPSOLQJLQWKHILHOGDQGWHVWLQJLQ 7KH $UGXLQR 8QR 5 &RPSDWLEOH %RDUG VKRZQ LQ
WKHODERUDWRU\,WLVPRUHUHOLDEOHLIWKHPRLVWXUHFRQWHQW ILJXUHLVDPLFURFRQWUROOHUERDUGZKLFKLVEDVHGRQWKH
LVGHWHUPLQHGZLWKLQIHZKRXUVDIWHULQVLWXVDPSOLQJ$V $7PHJD$UGXLQR8QRKDVGLJLWDOLQSXWRURXWSXW


&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUVZHWKDUHGG\#JPDLOFRP

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 309, 01191 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901191
ICMED 2021

SLQV ZKHUH  FDQ EH XVHG DV 3:0 RXWSXWV   DQDORJ


LQSXWVD0+]FHUDPLFUHVRQDWRUD86%FRQQHFWLRQD
SRZHUMDFNDQ,&63KHDGHUDQGDUHVHWEXWWRQ


 -XPSHU:LUHV
$Q ,QWHJUDWHG 'HYHORSPHQW (QYLURQPHQW ,'(  LV
VRIWZDUHWKDWFRQVROLGDWHVDVVKRZQLQIXJXUHWKHEDVLF
WRROV QHHGHG IRU VRIWZDUH WHVWLQJ DQG ZULWLQJ :LWKRXW
,'( D GHYHORSHU ZRXOG KDYH WR VHOHFW DQG PDQDJH DOO
 WKHVH WRROV VHSDUDWHO\ EXW ,'( EULQJV DOO WKHVH WRROV
 WRJHWKHU DV D VLQJOH IUDPHZRUN RU VHUYLFH 7KH VRLO
PRLVWXUH VHQVRU LV FRQQHFWHG WR DXUGLQR ERDUG DQG WKH
$UGXLQR8QR5&RPSDWLEOH%RDUG
VHQVRUSLQVLQWRWKHVRLOVDPSOHZKLFKKDVWREHWHVWHG
,WKDVHYHU\WKLQJQHHGHGWRVXSSRUWWKHPLFURFRQWUROOHU 7KHDXUGLQRERDUGLVWKHQFRQQHFWHGWRV\VWHPZLWKKHOS
\RXQHHGWRVLPSO\FRQQHFWLWWRDFRPSXWHUZLWKD86% RIXVEFDEOH7KHSURJUDPPHRIDXUGLQR,'(LVXSORDGHG
FDEOH ,W LV DQ ,'( EDVHG RQ SURFHVVLQJ DQG OLEUDU\ WR FRPSLOH 7KH 0RLVWXUH FRQWHQW RI VRLO VDPSOH LV
IXQFWLRQV WR  HDVLO\ SURJUDP WKH PLFURFRQWUROOHU 7KH GLVSOD\HG RQ V\VWHP ZKHQ ZH FOLFN RQ VHULDO PRQLWRU
812GLIIHUHGIURPDOOSUHFHGLQJERDUGVE\IHDWXULQJWKH RSWLRQRQULJKWVLGHRIJXLGHEDU
$7PHJD3 PLFUR FRQWUROOHU DQG DQ $7PHJD8
SURJUDPPHGDVD86%WRVHULDOFRQYHUWHU

6RLO0RLVWXUH6HQVRU
6RLOPRLVWXUHVHQVRUVKRZQLQILJXUHLVXVHGWRILQGWKH
ZDWHU FRQWHQW RI VRLO ZLWK WKH KHOS RI HOHFWULF
FRQGXFWLYLW\ 6RLO PRLVWXUH VHQVRU PHDVXUHV ZDWHU
FRQWHQW LQGLUHFWO\ E\ XVLQJ RWKHU SURSHUWLHV RI VRLO LH
GLHOHFWULFFRQVWDQWHOHFWULFDOUHVLVWDQFHDQGLQWHUDFWLRQRI
QHXWURQV ,W LV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK DXUGLQR ERDUG ,W XVHV
FDSDFLWDQFHWRILQGWKHPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWRIVRLO5XJJHG 
VHQVRULVVLPSO\LQVHUWHGLQWRWKHVRLOZKHUHZHZDQWWR
 &LUFXLW&RQQHFWLQJGLIIHUHQWLQVWUXPHQWV
ILQG ZDWHU FRQWHQW WKHQ DIWHU UXQQLQJ FRGH LQ V\VWHP
XVLQJ$XUGLQR,'(DQGZKHQWKHSURJUDPPHLVFRPSLOHG
YROXPHWULFZDWHUFRQWHQWRIVRLOLVUHSRUWHGLQSHUFHQWDJH ([SHULPHQWDO6HWXSDQG5HVXOWV

7KHVFRSHLQFOXGHVH[SHULPHQWDOLQYHVWLJDWLRQRQZDWHU
FRQWHQWRIGLIIHUHQWVRLOVDPSOHVZLWK,R7VRLOPRLVWXUH
VHQVRUDQGFRPSDUHZLWK/DERUDWRU\WHVWVZKLFKDUHGRQH
WRFKHFNWKHDFFXUDF\RIUHVXOWVGLVSOD\HGE\,R7

)RUWKLVVWXG\DWRWDORIQRVRIGLIIHUHQWVRLOVDPSOHV
ZHUH FRQVLGHUHG FRPSULVLQJ RI ERWK FRKHVLRQ DQG
FRKHVLRQOHVV VRLOV &RKHVLYH VRLOV DUH KLJKO\
FRPSUHVVLEOH FOD\V &+  DQG ORZ FRPSUHVVLEOH FOD\V
 &/ &RKHVLRQOHVVVRLOFRQVLGHUHGDUHFOD\H\VDQG 6& 
6RLOPRLVWXUHVHQVRU DQGVLOW\VDQGV 60 7KHDERYHVDLGVDPSOHVDUHWDNHQ
DORQJ WKH URDG FRQVWUXFWLRQ VLWH )RU WKH FROOHFWHG
VDPSOHV WKH EDVLF WHVWV OLNH VLHYH DQDO\VLV DQG
-XPSHUZLUHV K\GURPHWHU DUH FRQGXFWHG WR HVWDEOLVK WKH JUDLQ VL]H
GLVWULEXWLRQ FXUYHV $OVR WKH DWWHUEHUJ OLPLW WHVWV DUH
-XPSHUZLUHVVKRZQLQILJXUHDUHXVHGWRFRQQHFWWKH
FRQGXFWHG WR HVWDEOLVK SODVWLFLW\ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI VRLO
VRLOPRLVWXUHVHQVRUWRWKHDXUGLQRERDUGDQGDXVEFDEOH
VDPSOHV 7KH EDVLV WHVW UHVXOWV RI GLIIHUHQW VDPSOHV DUH
LV XVHG WR UXQ WKH SURJUDPPH E\ FRQQHFWLQJ V\VWHP WR
VKRZQLQWKHWDEOH
DXUGLQRERDUG
%DVLFWHVWUHVXOWVRIVRLOVDPSOHV

     !  #  #


   " " $%
   


2
E3S Web of Conferences 309, 01191 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901191
ICMED 2021

7KHJUDSKSORWWHGEHWZHHQWKHDFWXDOZDWHUFRQWHQWDQG
&+  &     ,R7PRLVWXUHFRQWHQWIRU6DQG\FOD\LVVKRZQLQILJXUH
&/  &     
7KHJUDSKSORWWHGEHWZHHQWKHDFWXDOZDWHUFRQWHQWDQG
6&  6     ,R7PRLVWXUHFRQWHQWIRUVLOW\VDQGLVVKRZQLQILJXUH

60  6  13 13 13 7KHJUDSKSORWWHGEHWZHHQWKHDFWXDOZDWHUFRQWHQWDQG
NP: Non-Plastic ,R7PRLVWXUHFRQWHQWIRUDOOVRLOW\SHVLVVKRZQLQILJXUH
$OO WKH VDPSOHV FROOHFWHG IRUP WKH ILHOG ZHUH SURSHUO\ 
ZUDSSHGWRSUHVHUYHWKHPRLVWXUHFRQWHQW7KHVHVDPSOHV 
DUH WHVWHG ZLWK WKH ,R7 LQVWUXPHQW  DQG WKH PRLVWXUH 
FRQWHQWV RI HDFK VDPSOH ZHUH UHFRUGHG WR D VLQJOH 
GHFLPDOQXPEHUDVVKRZQLQILJXUH



&,R70RLVWXUH&RQWHQWWHVWLQJ
/DWHUWRGHWHUPLQHWKHPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWDOOWKHVDPSOHV
WHVWHG E\ ,R7 DUH DJDLQ WHVWHG XVLQJ WUDGLWLRQDO DQG 
DFFXUDWH RYHQ GU\ PHWKRG 7KH UHVXOWV IURP WUDGLWLRQDO
PHWKRGVDQGIURP,R7ZHUHFRPSDUHGIRUHDFKW\SHRI (1DWXUDOZDWHUFRQWHQWYV,R70RLVWXUH&RQWHQWIRU&/
VDPSOHDQGDOVRIRUDOOW\SHVRIVDPSOHV7KHJUDSKVDUH 
SORWWHGWRILQGWKHGLIIHUHQFHRIUHVXOWVDQGDFRUUHODWLRQ
E\ EHVW ILW WUHQG OLQH ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG EHWZHHQ WKH
WUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGRIPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWDQG,R7PRLVWXUH
FRQWHQWIRUHDFKVRLOW\SHDQGDOOVRLOW\SHV

7KHJUDSKSORWWHGEHWZHHQWKHDFWXDOZDWHUFRQWHQWDQG
,R7 PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW IRU +LJK FRPSUHVVLEOH FOD\ LV
VKRZQLQILJXUH



)1DWXUDOZDWHUFRQWHQWYV,R70RLVWXUH&RQWHQWIRU6&



'1DWXUDOZDWHUFRQWHQWYV,R70RLVWXUH&RQWHQWIRU&+
7KHJUDSKSORWWHGEHWZHHQWKHDFWXDOZDWHUFRQWHQWDQG
,R7PRLVWXUHFRQWHQWIRU/RZFRPSUHVVLEOHFOD\LVVKRZQ
LQILJXUH


3
E3S Web of Conferences 309, 01191 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901191
ICMED 2021


)RU6DQG\FOD\V 6& WKHDFWXDOPRLVWXUHFRQWHQW ZQ LV
HVWLPDWHGE\HTXDWLRQ

wn = 1.6924 (wIoT)0.8170 (3)

)RUVLOW\6DQG 60 WKHDFWXDOPRLVWXUHFRQWHQW ZQ LV
HVWLPDWHGE\HTXDWLRQ

wn = 1.2734 (wIoT)0.9231 (4)

)RU DOO VRLO W\SHV WKH DFWXDO PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW ZQ  LV
HVWLPDWHGE\HTXDWLRQ

wn = 1.2336 (wIoT)0.9360 (5)

*1DWXUDOZDWHUFRQWHQWYV,R70RLVWXUH&RQWHQWIRU60


5HIHUHQFHV
 0G0HK]DEXO+RTXH1DKLG$UQRE=DKLG$KPHG
$EGXOODK5RE(OHDQG6LJ3UR7HFK ,&5(67 
,QW&RQRQSS
 9'%DFKXZDU85*KRGDNH$KPHG/DNKVVDVVL
66 6XU\DYDQVKL 6PDUW 6\VWHPV DQG ,QYHQWLYH
7HFKQRORJ\ ,&66,7 ,QW&RQRQSS

 ,PPDQXHO =LRQ 5DPGLQWKDUD 3 6KDQWKL %DOD 6\V
&RP$XWRDQG1HW ,&6&$1 ,(((,QWHU&RQ
RQSS
 3UL\DQND 3DWLGDU 6XQLO -RVKL ,QW &RP DQG &RP
7HFK ,&&7 QG ,QWHU &RQ RQ SS

  $VKLVK 6ULYDVWDYD 5DKXO 0DKDMDQ 'Q\DQGHHS
+1DWXUDOZDWHUFRQWHQWYV,R70RLVWXUH&RQWHQWIRU$OO 6DJDU3UDWLN6KHQGH,QIRUPDQG&RP7HFK &,&7 
VRLOW\SHV ,(((&RQRQSS

&RQFOXVLRQ
$VGLVFXVVHGLQWKHSUHYLRXVVHFWLRQVWKHGHWHUPLQDWLRQ
RIWKHQDWXUDOZDWHUFRQWHQWZLOOFRQVXPHPRUHWLPHWR
FRPSXWH DQG DOVR WKH ORVV RI PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW ZRXOG
RFFXU LQ WKH SURFHVV RI VDPSOLQJ WUDQVSRUWLQJ DQG
FRQGXFWLQJWHVWRIWKHVRLOVDPSOHVWRWKHODERUDWRU\,Q
RUGHUWRDYRLGDOOWKHVHSURFHVVLWLVUHFRPPHQGHGWRWDNH
WKH PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW UHDGLQJ LQ WKH ILHOG LPPHGLDWHO\
DIWHUVDPSOLQJ
7KH FRUHODWLRQV DUHHVWDEOLVKHGEDVHGRQ WKHDERYH
VWXG\WRFDOFXODWHWKHDFWXDOPRLVWXUHFRQWHQW ZQ LQWKH
IXQFWLRQRI,R7PRLVWXUHFRQWHQW Z,R7 7KHFRUUHODWLRQV
RIWKHGLIIHUHQWVRLOW\SHVDUHVKRZQLQEHORZHTXDWLRQV

)RU +LJK FRPSUHVVLEOH FOD\V &+  WKH DFWXDO PRLVWXUH
FRQWHQW ZQ LVHVWLPDWHGE\HTXDWLRQ

wn = 1.9148 (wIoT)0.8125 (1)

)RU /RZ FRPSUHVVLEOH FOD\V &/  WKH DFWXDO PRLVWXUH


FRQWHQW ZQ LVHVWLPDWHGE\HTXDWLRQ

wn = 1.1025 (wIoT)0.9767 (2)

4
© 2021. This work is licensed under
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”).
Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and conditions, you may use this
content in accordance with the terms of the License.

You might also like