10/18/23, 1:17 PM Experimental Psychology - Chapter 13 Flashcards | Quizlet

Experimental Psychology - Chapter 13 Study

Experimental Psychology - Chapter 13

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Terms in this set (28)

A statement that the data came from different populations;

Alternative Hypothesis
the research hypothesis, which cannot be tested directly

Portion in the tail(s) of the distribution of a test statistic

extreme enough to satisfy the researcher's criterion for
Critical Region rejecting the null hypothesis - for instance, the most extreme
5% of a distribution where p<.05 is the chosen significance
level.

The standard procedures used to summarize and describe

Descriptive statistics data quickly and clearly; summary statistics reported for an
experiment, including mean, range, and standard deviation

A statement that predicts the exact pattern of results that

Directional hypothesis will be observed, such as which treatment group will
perform best.

Variation in subjects' scores produced by uncontrolled

extraneous variables in the experimental procedure,
Experimental error
experimenter bias, or other influences on subjects not
related to effects of the independent variable.

Statistics that can be used as indicators of what is going on

Inferential statistics
in a population; also called test statistics

An arithmetical average computed by dividing the sum of a

Mean group by the total number of scores; a measure of of central
tendency

Summary statistics that describe what is typical of a

Measures of central tendency
distribution of scores; include mean, median, and mode

The score that divides a distribution in half, so that half the

Median scores in the distribution fall above the median, half below; a
measure of central tendency

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution; a

Mode
measure of central tendency

A statement that predicts a difference between treatment

Nondirectional hypothesis
groups without predicting the exact pattern of results

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10/18/23, 1:17 PM Experimental Psychology - Chapter 13 Flashcards | Quizlet

Experimental Psychology - Chapter

Normal curve 13 of data in a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve
The distribution

A statement that the performance of treatment groups is so

similar that the groups must belong to the same population;
Null hypothesis
a way of saying that the experimental manipulation had no
important effect

A statistical procedure used when a directional prediction

One-tailed test has been made; the critical region of the distribution of the
test statistic is measured in just one tail of the distribuiton

The difference between the largest and smallest scores in a

Range set of data; a rough indication of the amount of variability in
the data

Data recorded as an experiment is run; the responses of

Raw data
individual subjects

The statistical criterion for deciding whether to reject the

Significance level
null hypothesis or not, typically p < .05

The square root of the variance; measures the average the

Standard deviation average deviation of scores about the mean, thus reflecting
the amount of variability in the data

A statement made about a population and all its samples

Statistical inference
based on the samples observed

Meeting the set criterion for significance; the data do not

support the null hypothesis, confirming a difference
Statistical significance
between the groups that occurred as a results of the
experiment

Statistics Quantitative measurement of samples; quantitative data

Descriptive statistics computed from the raw data of an

Summary data experiment, including the measures of central tendency and
variability

Statistics that can be used as indicators of what is going on

Test statistics in a population and can be used to evaluate results; also
called inferential statistics

A statistical procedure used when a nondirectional

prediction has been made; the critical region of the
Two-tailed test
distribution of the test statistic is divided over both tails of
the distribution

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10/18/23, 1:17 PM Experimental Psychology - Chapter 13 Flashcards | Quizlet

Experimental Psychology - Chapter 13 by rejecting the null hypothesis even though

An error made
Type 1 error it is really true; stating that an effect exist when it really does
not

An error made by failing to reject the null hypothesis even

Type 2 error
though it is really false; failing to detect a treatment effect

Fluctuation in data; can be defined numerically as the range,

Variability
variance, or standard deviation

The average squared deviation of scores from their mean; a

Variance
more precise measure of variability than the range.

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