10/18/23, 1:59 PM Experimental Psychology- Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet

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Experimental Psychology- Chapter 4

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Terms in this set (39)

-useful way of obtaining information about people's

opinions, attitudes, preferences, and behaviors by asking
survey research
-allow us to gather data about experiences, thoughts,
feelings, and motives that are hard to observe directly

1. We can efficiently collect large amounts of data.

2. Anonymous surveys can increase the accuracy of answers
to sensitive questions.
advantages of surveys
3. Surveys can allow us to draw inferences about the causes
of behavior and can complement laboratory and field
experiments

1. determine what area of info is going to be focus

2. define a population
3. decide how survey will be administered
steps to a survey 4. construct a draft
5. pretest with subsample
6. draw a sample and administer
7. analyze and interpret

-multiple choice or rating

closed questions -easy to score
-disadvantage: limited amount of info

does not allow us to test hypotheses about causal

disadvantages of surveys relationships because we do not manipulate independent
variables and control extraneous variables.

-respond with more than yes, no, 1-10 rating

-essay type
open ended questions
-provide rich body of info
-disadvantage: hard to code

the system designed to evaluate and categorize the content

content analysis
of the answers to open ended questions

-ask for responses about two or more different ideas in the

double-barreled same question
-should be avoided

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10/18/23, 1:59 PM Experimental Psychology- Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet

Experimental Psychology- Chapter

level of measurement
4 used to measure a response
kind of scale
-4 levels: nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

-classifies response into two or more distinct categories

nominal scale -a descriptive label
-ex. SPORTS JERSEY NUMBER

-assigns magnitude by assigning each score a rank

ordinal scale
-ex. RACE PLACING

assigns magnitude using measures with equal intervals

between values, but no absolute zero point
interval scale
-ex. TEMPERATURE SCALE 0 degrees does not mean zero
point

equal intervals between all values and a true zero point

ratio scale
-ex. WEIGHT AND HEIGHT

-any individual could fall and any point along each

continuous dimension dimension
-traits, attitudes and preferences

tendencies to respond to questions in specific ways,

response style
regardless of the content

people in their style of responding to questions they are

willingness to answer unsure about
-take a guess or leave blank

position preference always choosing C when in doubt on multiple choice

the plain meaning of the words that actually appear on the

manifest content
page

where the question falls in relation to the others, positioning,

context effect
can influence the way the question is interpreted

-the same questions are asked the same way each time
structured interviews
-no deviation

-more free flowing interviews

unstructured interviews
-getting to know

sampling deciding who will be the subjects and selecting them

a group that is a subset of the population of interest

sample of subjects -used to draw inferences about a population without
examining all its members

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10/18/23, 1:59 PM Experimental Psychology- Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet

Experimental Psychology- Chapter

probability sampling
selecting4subjects in such a way that they odds of their being
in the study are known or can be calculated

simple random sampling all members have an equal chance of being selected

all members have an equal chance but the researcher may

systematic random sampling select every Nth person to test, there is a system to the
randomness

randomly selecting people in each subgroup in the same

proportions as they exist in the population
stratified random sampling
-used when techniques may accidentally overlook small
subgroups

subjects are selected from small naturally occurring groups

cluster sampling
in the population

nonprobability sampling subjects are not chosen at random

select samples through predetermined quotas that are

quota sampling
intended to reflect the makeup of the population

convenience sampling selecting people who happen to be available

non random samples are selected because the individuals

purposive sampling
reflect a specific purpose of the study

locate one or two people who fit and ask them to take you
snowball sampling
to more individuals

loaded questions contain emotionally charged language

tend to channel a certain response and is therefore a source

leading questions
of bias

how survey questions adequately measure the construct;

construct validity
how well they measure an opinion

1) wording of the questions

2) order of the questions
3) perceived purpose
general concerns with surveys?
4) sensitivity
5) ease of survey
6) choosing participants

-way to get information about what people are thinking

-provides a lot of data
survey methodology advantages
-assesses relationship between variables
-examine how well one variable can predict another

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10/18/23, 1:59 PM Experimental Psychology- Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet

Experimental Psychology- Chapter

-difficult 4
to construct a good survey, questions may not
reflect the construct you want to make conclusions about.
survey methodology disadvantages -often difficult to analyze data because there is so much!
-results are correlational so cannot infer causality.
-self reports might not be truthful

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