RPH REVIEWER

LESSON 1

HISTORY
- Derived from the Greek word“historia” which Classification of historical sources:
means knowledge acquired through
inquiry or investigation.
Primary sources
- as a discipline existed for around 2,400 years
and is as old as mathematics and ● -ostly made during the historical period that is
Philosophy. being investigated
● convey first-hand experience of the event
Historia - became known as the
account of the past of a person ● Factual
or of a group of people through ● diaries, photographs, and interviews
written documents and
historical evidences.
- the study of the past Secondary sources
● mostly made afyer the time period you are
What counts as history? investigating
“No document,no history” traditional historian mantra.
● written by thosewho did not witness the
Unless a written
document can prove certain events being described firsthand
historical event, then it cannot be considered as historical event. ● analyses and interprets
● Biography
Historiography - is the history of history.

history's object of study is the past, the
events that happened in the past and thecauses of such events.
historiography’s object of study, on the
other hand, is history itself.
the classification of sources between primary and
secondary does not always depend on the period when the
source was produced or the type of the source.

Importance of History
Primary sources
● to unite a nation
● to make sense of the present Mostly made during the historical period that is being
● to legitimize regime and forge a sense of collective investigated
identity through collective memory Secondary sources
● to not repeat mistakes of the past
● to inspire people to keep their good practices to move Mostly made after the time period you are
forward investigating.

Two philosophical schools of thought:

External Criticism
1. positivism - is the school of thought that emerged
between the 18th and 19th century empirical and ● Verification of Authenticity by examining
observable evidence before one can claim that a ● physical characteristics; consistency with the Historical
particular
characteristics of the time when it was produced, and
knowledge is true.
Material used.
2. post-colonialism - is a school of thought that emerged ● Sometimes Called as "lower Criticism"
in the early 20th century when formerly colonized
● helps us to Avoid using false evidence
nations grappled with the idea of creating their
identities and understanding their societies against the
shadows of their In the external Criticism we can ask the following
colonial past. questions:
● When it was written?
HISTORIANS
● Where it was written?
● historians are subjective
● Who was the author?
● historians are not just blank papers who mechanically
● Why did it survive?
interpret and analyze present historical facts
● What were the materials used?
● historical research requires rigor
● Where the words used were being used those times?
● historical methodology are certain techniques and rules
to follow in order to properly write history
Internal Criticism
● sometimes called as “higher criticism“
● the meaning, accuracy and
trustworthiness of the content of the document
● process of knowing the meaning
of the text in relation to the subject of the historical
Research
In the internal Criticism we can ask the
following questions:
● Was it written by eyewitness or not?
● why was it written?
● is there consistency?
● what are connotations?
● what is the literal meaning?
● what is the meaning of the
Context?
Lesson 2: A Brief Summary of the First Voyage Around the
World by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta
Antonio Pigafetta
● Born sometime in the closing year of the 15th century
in Vincenza, Italy.
● Parents: Giovanni Pigafettaand Angela Zoga.
● was a Venetian scholar and explorer.
● Studied astronomy, geography, and cartography.
● He joined the expedition to the Spice Islands led by
explorer Ferdinand Magellan.
● Pigafetta's work instantly became a classic that
prominent literary men in the West like William
Shakespeare, Michel de Montaigne, and Giambattista
Vico referred to the book in their interpretation of the
new world.
● Pigafetta's travelogue is one of the most important
primary sources in the study of the pre-colonial
Philippines.
Magellan's arrival in the Philippines.
● His encounter with local leaders. Magellan's death in
the hands of Lapu-Lapu's forces in the Battle of
Mactan.
● Departure of what was left of Magellan's fleet from the
island.
● Reveals a several insights in the character of Philippine
during the pre-colonial period.
● Frame of mind in the age of exploration, which
provided Europe in the 15th and 16th century.
● Pigafetta's account is also written from the perspective
of Pigafetta himself and was a product of context of its
production.
● The Firsf Voyage Around the World by Magellan was
published after Pigafetta returned to Italy.
Background of the Document/Primary Source
Antonio Pigafetta 1519-1522
Magellan's travels
● Important goal was to find a western route to
the Moluccas (Spice Islands)
● Route (Spain-Patagonia-Strait of Magellan
Philippines Brunei-Spain)
● Detailed journey about the first trip around the
world and evidences considered as one of the
most important documentary
● March 16, 1521 Thieves' (Landrones)
Island
● March 25, 1521 The king offered to give
Magellan a bar of gold and chest of ginger,
but Magellan declined.
● Raia Calambu King of Zuluan and Calagan
Contribution and Relevance of the Document in
Understanding the Grand Narrative of Philippine History
● It help us to understand how Filipinos lived in
the pest Assists today's researcher and
students in comprehending the context of
Magellan Expedition.
● The only known document about Lapu-Lapu
and Ferdinand Magellan's life.
● Relevance of Geography and Cartography.
● Beginning of Christianity in the Philippines.
● Journal Writing and Historical Recording
Relevance of the document to this present time:
● First global book in history that described the Magellan
voyage
● An extraordinary record of traditions, customs and
cultural and linguistic features of populations.
● Narrated the events that transpired in a way that gives
a clear plature of what it was like to be part of the first
voyage around the world.
● Helped us in knowing how the pre-colonial Filipinos
lived.
● Allowed humanity to perceive the huge richness and
diversity in geographical, cultural and anthropological
aspects.
 ● Promoted the exchange of multiple sorts of scientific,
cultural and religious experiences.
● Fostered new models of commercial and economic
expansion.

The Historical Importance of the Text

● Spaniard Armada de Molucca
● 257 men
● 5 ships.
● Santiago Juan Rodriguez Serrano
● Antonio Juan de Cartagena
● San Concepcion Gospor de Quesado
Trinidad (flagship) Ferdinand Magellan
Captain General
● Victoria - Louis de Mendoza

The Author's main argument and points of view:

❖ The document includes: of how European saw be view

the Philippines in that time period or era and the events
during their journey or voyage.
❖ Antonia Pigafetta saw themselves as superior than of
the Filipinos though they still appreciated the hospitality
of the Kings in the islands
❖ Antonio Pigafetta's account was written from his own
perspective. This includes the author's own opinions
and beliefs that favors the Spaniards

What is KKK?
 ● Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan
● It was founded and lead by Andres Bonifacio on July 7,
1892 up until March 22, 1897.
● It is arguably the most important organization in the
Philippine history.
● It was the only organization that envisioned a united
Filipino nation that will revolt against the Spaniards for
the total independence of the country from Spain.
Kartilya ng Katipunan
● It was originally known as "Manga Aral Nang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan".
● Small pamphlet that contains the teachings and
principles to serve as guide to the members of
Katipunan.
● It was written by Emilio Jacinto in 1896.
Who is Emilio Jacinto?
● He was born on December 15, 1875 in Tondo, Manila
and died on April 16, 1899.
● He was a law student in Unibersidad ng Sto. Tomas.
● He joined the Katipunan in 1893.
● He was known as the Brain of the Katipunan.
14 Rules of Kartilya ng Katipunan
1. The life that is not consecrated to a lofty and
reasonable purpose is a tree without a shade, if not a
poisonous weed.
Ang kabuhayang hindi ginugugol sa isang malaki at banal na
kadahilanan ay kahoy na walang lilim, kung 'di damong
makamandag
2. To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake
is not virtue.
Ang gawang magaling na nagbubuhat sa pagpipita sa sarili, at
hindi talagang nasang gumawa ng kagalingan, ay di kabaitan
3. It is rational to be charitable and love one's fellow
creature, and to adjust one's conduct, acts and words
to what is in itself reasonable..
Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang pagkakawang gawa, ang
pagibig sa kapwa ata ang isukat bawat kilos, ang gawa't
pangungusap sa talagang katwiran.
4. Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born
equal: superiority in knowledge, wealth and beauty are
to be understood, but not superiority by nature.
Maitim man at maputi ang kulay ng balat, lahat ng tao'y
magkakapantay: mangyayaring ang isa'y higtan sa dunong, sa
yaman, sa ganda..., ngunit di mahihigtan sa pagkatao.
5. The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain; the
scoundrel, gain to honor.
Ang may mataas na kalooban inuuna ang puri sa pagpipita sa
sarili; ang may hamak na kalooban, inuuna ang pagpipita sa
sarili sa puri.
6. To the honorable man, his word is sacred.
Sa taong may hiya, salita'y pamenumpa.
7. Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but
not time lost.
Huwag mong sayangin ang panahon: ang yamang nawala'y
mangyayaring magbalik, ngunit panahong nagdaan na'y 'di na
muli pang magdadaan.
8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before
the law or in the field.
Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi; kabakahin ang umaapi
9. The prudent man is sparing in words and faithful in
keeping secrets
Ang taong matalino ang may pag-iingat sa bawat sasabihin, at
matutong ipaglihim ang dapat ipaglihim.
10. On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman
and the children, and if the guide leads to the precipice,
those whom he guides will also go there.
Sa daang matinik ng kabuhayan, lalaki ay siyang patugot ng
asawa't mga anak: kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa sama, ang
pagtutunguhan ng inaakay ay kasamaan din.
11. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything,
but as a faithful companion who will share with thee the
penalties of life; her (physical) weakness will increase
thy interest in her and she will remind thee of the
mother who bore thee and reared thee.

Ang babae ay huwag mong tignang isang bagay na libangan
lamang, kung 'di isang katuwang at karamay sa mga kahirapan
nitong kabuhayan; gamitan mo ng buong pagpipitagan ang
kaniyang kahinaan, at alalahanin ang inang pinagbuhatan at
nagawi sa iyong kasanggulan.
12. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children,
brothers and sisters, that do not unto the wife, children,
brothers and sisters of thy neighbor.
Ang di mo ibig na gawin sa asawa mo, anak at kapatid, ay
huwag mong gagawin sa asawa, anak at kapatid ng iba.
13. Man is not worth more because he is a king, because
his nose is aquiline, and his color white, not because
he is a priest, a servant of God, nor because of the
high prerogative that he enjoys upon earth, but he is
worth most who is a man of proven and real value, who
does good, keeps his words, is worthy and honest; he
who does not oppress nor consent to being oppressed,
he who loves and cherishes his fatherland, though he
be born in the wilderness and know no tongue but his
own.
14. When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the
longed-for sun of Liberty shall rise brilliant over this
most unhappy portion of the globe and its rays shall
diffuse everlasting joy among the confederated
brethren of the same rays, the lives of those who have
gone before, the fatigues and the well-paid sufferings
will remain. If he who desires to enter (the Katipunan)
has informed himself of all this and believes he will be
able to perform what will be his duties, he may fill out
the application for admission.
Paglagalap ng mga aral na itoat maningning na sumikat ang
araw ng mahal na Kalayaan dito sa kaabaabang Sangkapuluan,
at sabugan ng matamis niyang liwanag ang nangagkaisang
magkakalahi't magkakapatid na ligayang walang katapusan,
ang mga ginugol na buhay, pagud, at mga tiniis na kahirapa'y
labis nang natumb
Ang kamahalan ng tao'y wala sa pagkahari, wala sa tangus ng
ilong at puti ng mukha, wala sa pagkaparing kahalili ng Dios,
wala sa mataas na kalagayan sa balat ng lupa: wagas at tunay
na mahal na tao, kahit laking gubat at walang nababatid kun di
ang sariling wika, yaon may magandang asal, may isang
pangungusap, may dangal at puri; yaon di nagpapaapi't di
nakikiapi; yaong marunong magdamdam at marunong lumingap
sa bayang tinubuan.
Reading the "Proclamation of the Independence"
Ambrocio Rianzares Bautista (December 7, 1830 -
December 4, 1903)
● Also known as Don Bosyong.
● He was one of the principal authors of the
Malolos Constitution.
● His father name is Gregorio Enriquez Bautista
while his mother. name is Silvestra Altamira.
● Bautista was born in Biñan, Laguna
● Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista read a
declaration of independence on June 5, 1898,
in Bacoor, Cavite, which came before the Act
of Proclamation of Independence. Ambroio
Rianzares Bautista, Aguedo del Rosario, and
Apolinario Mabini were the members of
Aguinaldo's government, wrote the
declaration.
The Declaration of independence by Aguinaldo is just a
small snapshot of the truth. Why did he declare Philippine
independence right away? When is the real Independence
Day of the Philippines?
● He declared independence in order to liberate
the Philippines from Spanish colonial
authority.
● Aguinaldo and his soldiers were able to seize
control of the majority of the Philippines after
two years of combat during the Philippine
Revolution against Spain, which started in
1896.
● Aguinaldo declared the Philippines
independent from Spain on June 12, 1898,
ending the country's 333-year period of
Spanish colonial authority.
In the beginning, the United States backed the Philippine
Revolution against Spain, and the Spanish American War of
1898 resulted in Spain's defeat and the United States' purchase
of the Philippines. However, after over 50 years of colonization,
the Philippines did not gain their independence from the United
States until July 4, 1946.
● The primary source for the independence of the
Philippines in 1946 is the TREATY MANILA, which was
signed on July 4, 1946, between the United States and
the Philippines.
 ● The treaty was preceded by the TYDINGS- McDUFFIE
Act of 1934, which provided for a ten-year transition
period to Philippine independence.

Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (August 19,1878-August 1,

1944)

● Filipino statesman, leader of the Independece

movement.
● First President of the Philippine Commonwealth
established under United States in 1935.

Analysis of the Proclamation of the Independence

The purpose of this proclamation is to declare the

authority and independence of the Philippines from the Spanish
Empire's colonial authority. The Declaration of Philippine
Independence is a legal document that the government has
released. The objective of this text is to remind us, remind the
colonists, and the whole world that the Philippines declared
independence from the colonists. In order to exercise our right
to live in freedom, peace, and harmony with others, it teaches
us to be more independent and to fight for ourselves and our
country.