Problem 1

Problem Solving. Show your solution systematically and neatly as you solve Step 5: Calculate 𝒁
the given problems.
σ 𝑀𝐸
Problem No.1 𝑧ҧ =
𝑃
Figure shows a cantilever sheet-pile wall penetrating a granular soil. 1 3 4 4 2
Given: = 19.71 0.86 + 4 + + 52.56 0.86 + + 20.04 0.86 + + 9.96 0.86 𝑥
102.27 3 2 3 3
L1 = 3m
L2 = 4m
γ = 15.1 kN/m3
𝑧ҧ = 3.08𝑚
γsat = 18.45 kN/m3
𝜙 = 33 Step 6: Calculate 𝝈𝟓
σ5 = γL1 + γ′ L2 K p + γ′ L3 K p − K a
σ5 = 15.1 3 + 18.45 − 9.81 4 3.39 + 18.45 − 9.81 0.86 3.39 − 0.29
A. What is the theoretical depth of embedment, D?
σ5 = 293.76 kN/m2
Step 1: Calculate Ka and Kp
1−sin ϕ 1−sin 33 Step 7: Calculate A1,A2,A3 & A4
ka = = = 0.29
1+sin ϕ 1+sin 33
1+sin 45 1+sin 33 σ5 293.76
kp = = = 3.39 𝐴1 = = = 10.97
1−sin 45 1−sin 33 γ ′ K p − Ka 18.45−9.81 (3.39−0.29)

Step 2: Calculate 𝝈𝟏 and 𝝈𝟐 8𝑃 8(102.27)

𝐴2 = = = 30.55
γ ′ K p − Ka 18.45−9.81 (3.39−0.29)
σ1 = γL1 K a = (15.1)(3)(0.29) = 13.14 kN/m2
6𝑃(2𝑧γ′ Kp − Ka +σ5 6(102.27)( 2 3.08 18.45−9.81 3.39−0.29 )+293.76
σ2 = γL1 + γ′L2 K a = ((15.1)(3)+(18.45-9.81)(4))(0.29) = 23.16 kN/m2 𝐴3 = = = 392.40
γ′ 2 Kp − Ka 2 18.45−9.81 2 3.39−0.29 2

Step 3: Calculate 𝑳𝟑 𝑃(6𝑧σ5 +4𝑃) 102.27( 6 3.08 293.76 +4 102.27 )

𝐴4 = = = 832.23
γ ′ 2 K p − Ka 2 18.45−9.81 2 3.39−0.29 2
σ2 23.16
L3 = = = 0.86m
γ′ K p − K a 18.45 − 9.81 (3.39 − 0.29)
Step 8: Solve Equation bellow by trial and error to determine L4
Step 4: Calculate 𝑷
1 1 1
P= σ L + σ1 L2 + σ2 − σ1 L2 + σ2 L3
2 1 1 2 2
1 1 1
𝑃= 13.14 3 + 13.14 4 + 23.16 − 13.14 4 + 23.16 0.86
2 2 2
𝑃 = 19.71 + 52.56 + 20.04 + 9.96
𝑃 = 102.27 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
AA. CE
Problem 1
Problem Solving. Show your solution systematically and neatly as you solve
the given problems.

Problem No.1
Figure shows a cantilever sheet-pile wall penetrating a granular soil.
Given:
L1 = 3m
L2 = 4m
γ = 15.1 kN/m3
γsat = 18.45 kN/m3
𝜙 = 33

B. For a 30% increase in D, what should be the total length of

the sheet piles?

𝐿1 + 𝐿2 + 1.3 𝐿3 + 𝐿4 = 3 + 4 + 1.3 0.86 + 6.43 = 16.48𝑚

C. What should be the minimum section modulus of the sheet piles? Use σall = 200 MN/m2
Step 1: Tensile Depth

2𝑃 (2)(102.27)
𝑧′ = (𝐾𝑝− 𝐾𝑎 )𝛾′
= 18.45−9.81 3.39−0.29
= 2.76𝑚

Step 2: Maximum Moment

1 2 𝑧′
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑃 𝑧Ǎ + 𝑧 ′ − 𝛾 ′ 𝑧 ′ 𝐾𝑝 − 𝐾𝑎
2 3

1 2 2.76
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 102.27 3.08 + 2.76 − 18.45 − 9.81 2.76 3.39 − 0.29
2 3

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 503.40 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚/𝑚

Step 3: Section Modulus

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 503.40 𝑘𝑁.𝑚 𝑚3
𝑆= = = 2.52 𝑥 10−3 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 200 𝑥 103 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 𝑚

AA. CE
Problem 2

Problem Solving. Show your solution systematically and neatly as you solve Step 5: Calculate 𝒁
the given problems.
σ 𝑀𝐸
𝑧ҧ =
𝑃
1 3 6 6 2
= 24.48 1.31 + 6 + + 97.92 1.31 + + 53.52 1.31 + + 22.37 1.31 𝑥
198.29 3 2 3 3

𝑧ҧ = 4.15𝑚
Problem No.2
From the given Figure below:
Step 6: Calculate 𝑳𝟒 𝐛𝐲 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫
A. Determine the total length of the anchored sheet pile.
ҧ 1 ]
3𝑃[ 𝐿1 +𝐿2 +𝐿3 − 𝑧+𝑙
Step 1: Calculate 𝒌𝒂 and 𝒌𝒑 𝐿3𝟒 + 1.5𝐿24 (𝑙𝟐 + 𝐿2 + 𝐿3 ) − =0
𝑦 ′ 𝑘𝑝−𝑘𝑎

1−sin ϕ 1−sin 31
ka = = = 0.32 𝐿3𝟒 + 1.5𝐿𝟐𝟒 1.8 + 6 + 1.31 −
3(198.29)[ 3+6 +1.31 − 4.15+1.2 ]
=0
1+sin ϕ 1+sin 31
19.1−9.81 (3.12−0.32)

1+sin 45 1+sin 31
kp = = = 3.12 𝐿4 = 2.64𝑚
1−sin 45 1−sin 31

Step 2: Calculate 𝝈𝟏 and 𝝈𝟐 Step 7: Total length of the anchored sheet pile.

σ1 = γL1 K a = (17)(3)(0.32) = 16.32 kN/m2 𝐷th𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑦 = 𝐿3 + 𝐿4

σ2 = γL1 + γ′L2 K a = ((17)(3)+(19.1-9.81)(6))(0.32) = 34.16 kN/m2 𝐷𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 1.3(𝐿3 + 𝐿4 )

Step 3: Calculate 𝑳𝟑 𝐷𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 1.3(1.31 + 2.64)

σ2 34.16
L3 = = = 1.31m 𝐷𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 5.14
γ′ K p − K a 19.1−9.81 (3.12 − 0.32)
𝐿𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 5.14 + 3 + 6 = 14.14𝑚
Step 4: Calculate 𝑷
1 1 1
P= σ L + σ1 L2 + σ2 − σ1 L2 + σ2 L3
2 1 1 2 2
1 1 1
𝑃= 16.32 3 + 16.32 6 + 34.16 − 16.32 6 + 34.16 1.31
2 2 2
𝑃 = 24.48 + 97.92 + 53.52 + 22.37
𝑃 = 198.29 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 AA. CE
Problem 2

Problem Solving. Show your solution systematically and neatly as you solve Step 10: Calculate the maximum moment
the given problems.
𝑃1 − 𝐹 + 𝑃21 +𝑃31= 0

1 1
σ L − F + σ1 (𝑧 − L1 ) + K γ′ 𝑧 − L1 2 =0
2 1 1 2 a

1 1 ′
16.32 3 − 107.64 + 16.32(6.79 − 3) + (0.32) 19.1−9.81 6.79 − 3 2 =0
2 2

Problem No.2
From the given Figure below: P1 = 24.48

B. Calculate the anchor force per unit length of the wall. F = 107.64
P21 = 61.85
Step 8: Calculate 𝑭
P31 = 21.35
F = P − P’ 3 3.79 3.79
Mmax = P1 (3.79 + ) - F(3.79 + 1.8) + P21 ( )+ P31
3 2 3
F = P − 0.5(y′(𝑘𝑝 − 𝑘𝑎 )𝐿24 )
F = 198.29 − 0.5( 19.1 − 9.81 3.12 − 0.32 2.642 ) Mmax = -340.27 kN-m

F = 107.64 kN/m

C. Calculate 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐦𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭

Step 9: Calculate 𝒛

𝑃1 − 𝐹 + 𝑃21 +𝑃31 = 0

1 1
σ L − F + σ1 (𝑧 − L1 ) + K γ′ 𝑧 − L1 2 =0
2 1 1 2 a

1 1 ′
16.32 3 − 107.64 + 16.32(𝑧 − 3) + (0.32) 19.1−9.81 𝑧 − 3 2 =0
2 2

z = 6.79m

AA. CE
 Problem 3

Problem Solving. Show your solution systematically and

0.25𝐻
neatly as you solve the given problems.

1m

2𝑚
Problem No.3 Ra
A braced cut shown in the figure has structs A, B, C
spaced at 4.5 m on center.

3m
1
A. Compute the strut load at level A. R b1
R b2

4𝑚
0.50𝐻
1m

2m
2𝑚

Ra F1
Rc
2
3m

0.25𝐻
F2

2m
2𝑚

2𝑚
R b1
w = 190.08 kN/m
1
F1 =( )(2)(190.08) = 190.08 kN
γH Pa = 0.3yH w = Pa . S
2
C
F2 =(2)(190.08) = 380.16 kN
(17.6)(8) Pa = 0.3(17.6)(8) w = (42.24)(4.5)
෍ 𝑀𝑏1 = 0 = 3.91
36
Pa = 42.24 kPa w = 190.08 kN/m
2 1 γH
R a (3) = (F1 )(2 + ) +(F2 )(2)( ) <4
3 2
C
Ra = 295.68 kN

AA. CE
 Problem 3

Problem Solving. Show your solution systematically and

neatly as you solve the given problems.

Problem No.3

A braced cut shown in the figure has structs A, B, C

spaced at 4.5 m on center.

A. Compute the strut load at level A. C. Compute the strut load at level C. B. Compute the strut load at level B.
w = 190.08 kN/m
R b2 ෍ 𝐹ℎ = 0

2𝑚
F1

2𝑚
F1

2m
1m

2𝑚

Ra F1 Rc Ra
R a + R b + R c = F1 + F2 + F3

F2 1
3m

2m
F1 =( )(2)(190.08) = 190.08 kN
F2

2𝑚
2

w = 190.08 kN/m
2𝑚

F2 =(4)(190.08) = 760.32 kN
R b1 Rb F2

4𝑚
1
F3 =( )(2)(190.08)= 190.08 kN
2
w = 190.08 kN/m R a = 295.68 kN
1 F1 =(2)(190.08) = 380.16 kN
F1 =( )(2)(190.08) = 190.08 kN R c = 443.52 kN
2

F2 =(2)(190.08) = 380.16 kN
1
F2 =( )(2)(190.08) = 190.08 kN
Rc
2
R a + R b + R c = F1 + F2 + F3
෍ 𝑀𝑏1 = 0 ෍ 𝑀𝑏2 = 0
F3

2𝑚
R b = 401.28 kN
2 1 1 2
R a (3) = (F1 )(2 + ) +(F2 )(2)( ) R c (2) = (F1 )(2)( ) + (F2 )(2 + )
3 2 2 3
Ra = 295.68 kN Rc = 443.52 kN

AA. CE