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Secant Method
Secant Method
1
SECANT METHOD – DERIVATION
f(x) Newton’s Method
f(xi )
xi +1 = xi - (1)
f(xi)
x f (x ) f (xi )
i, i
E D A
On rearranging, the secant
xi+1 xi-1 xi
X
method is given as
f ( xi )( xi − xi −1 )
Figure 2 Geometrical representation of xi +1 = xi −
the Secant method. f ( xi ) − f ( xi −1 )
3
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ALGORITHM FOR SECANT METHOD
4
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STEP 1
Calculate the next estimate of the root from two initial guesses
f ( xi )( xi − xi −1 )
xi +1 = xi −
f ( xi ) − f ( xi −1 )
Find the absolute relative approximate error
xi +1- xi
a = 100
xi +1
STEP 2
Iteration 1
The estimate of the root is
f (x0 )(x0 − x−1 )
x1 = x0 −
f (x0 ) − f (x−1 )
= 0.05 −
(0.05 − 0.165(0.05) + 3.993 10 )(0.05 − 0.02)
3 2 −4
= 0.06461
EXAMPLE 1 CONT.
The absolute relative approximate error a at the end of
Iteration 1 is
x1 − x0
a = 100
x1
0.06461 − 0.05
= 100
0.06461
= 22.62%
Iteration 2
The estimate of the root is
f (x1 )(x1 − x0 )
x2 = x1 −
f (x1 ) − f (x0 )
= 0.06461 −
(0.06461 − 0.165(0.06461) + 3.993 10 )(0.06461 − 0.05)
3 2 −4
= 0.06241
EXAMPLE 1 CONT.
The absolute relative approximate error a at the end of
Iteration 2 is
x2 − x1
a = 100
x2
0.06241 − 0.06461
= 100
0.06241
= 3.525%
Iteration 3
The estimate of the root is
f (x2 )(x2 − x1 )
x3 = x2 −
f (x2 ) − f (x1 )
= 0.06241 −
(0.06241 − 0.165(0.06241) + 3.993 10 )(0.06241 − 0.06461)
3 2 −4
= 0.06238
EXAMPLE 1 CONT.
The absolute relative approximate error a at the end of
Iteration 3 is
x3 − x2
a = 100
x3
0.06238 − 0.06241
= 100
0.06238
= 0.0595 %
f ( x)
0
f ( x) 0
f ( x)
−2 2
10 5 0 5 10
− 10 x x guess1 x guess2 10
f(x)
prev. guess
new guess f (x) = Sin(x) = 0
Division by zero
DRAWBACKS (CONTINUED)
2
2
f ( x)
f ( x)
0
f ( x) 0
secant( x)
f ( x)
−2 2
10 5 0 5 10
− 10 x x 0 x 1' x x 1 10
f(x)
f (x) = Sinx = 0
x'1, (first guess)
x0, (previous guess)
Secant line
x1, (new guess)
Root Jumping