EQUATIONS

You may find the following equations useful.

energy transferred = current × voltage × time E=I×V×t

pressure × volume = constant p1 × V1 = p2 × V2

1 1
frequency = f =
time period T

work done W
power = P=
time taken t

energy transferred W
power = P=
time taken t

2π × orbital radius 2×π×r

orbital speed = v=
time period T

Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.

2
*P44250A0232*
 Answer ALL questions.

1 Mains electricity is used in circuits at home.

(a) Double insulation is needed for safety when there is

(1)
A no circuit breaker
B no earth connection
C no fuse
D no switch

(b) A fuse is used so that

(1)
A an earth connection is not needed
B the appliances are more efficient
C the circuit cannot overheat if there is a fault
D the user cannot touch a live wire

(c) Most lamps at home have their own switch.

This is because the lamps are connected
(1)
A in parallel
B in series
C to a fuse
D to an earth wire

(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)

3
*P44250A0332* Turn over
 Answer ALL questions.

1 Electrical energy can be transmitted using a high voltage of 132 kV.

(a) A voltage of 132 kV is the same as

(1)
A 132 V
B 1320 V
C 132 000 V
D 132 000 000 V

(b) Using a high voltage increases the

(1)
A current in the wires
B efficiency of transmission
C energy lost as heat
D resistance of the wires

(c) The high voltage can be reduced using a

(1)
A generator
B magnet
C transformer
D transmitter

(Total for Question 1 = 3 marks)

3
*P44251A0316* Turn over
3 The photograph shows a fuel delivery at a petrol station.

Source: Jeeferson Siegel, New York Daily News

(a) Explain how a fuel tanker can become electrically charged while it is moving.
(2)
The feul tanker can become electrically charged beacause of friction. As the fuel tanker move it can create
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friction between the road surface and the tiers. THis friction can cause the movement of electrons form one
surface to another.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Pumping fuel from an electrically-charged tanker can be dangerous.

(i) Describe a possible danger of pumping fuel from an electrically-charged tanker.
(1)
It could be overheated and this could create and explosion
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The driver connects an earth wire to the fuel tanker before pumping fuel.
Explain how connecting the earth wire reduces the possible dangers.
(2)
The earth wire can neutralise the charge. Also by connecting the earth wire any static charge that builds up on
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the tanker is safetly discharged into the ground

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 5 marks)

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*P44251A0516* Turn over
18-12=6

18-6=12

12

3+6=9
9