Cambridge IGCSE™ Global Perspectives 0457

The task was given on 10-08-2023

As we discussed in class, Update the drive with concrete primary

problems.

The following steps can be followed for guidance.

a) Look for real-life examples ( case studies) for the broad topic that
happened in recent times (post-2019)
b) Look at data and statistics for the incident.
c) Identify the cause and consequences of such an issue.
d) Once analyzed, go for the primary cause from the list arrived at to
identify the primary cause.
e) Refer to authenticated websites. (Government and WHO websites).

1) The task was given on 19.06.2023

Kindly post the research link topics and list of case studies you have
referred to here under the matter of law and criminality. ..

The task done on 16/08/2023

Illegal mining and associated crimes: stats
Illegal mining and trafficking in precious metals
Task Done on 24/08/2023

1) Major issues under the broad topic and the global consequence.
Illegal mining:
Illegal mining and associated crimes: stats

● A global-scale data set of mining areas;

This is a research paper published on 8th September 2020, in
Scientific Data journal which presents a new data set of mining
extents derived by visual interpretation of satellite images happening
across the globe. This establishes the latest data set examples
across the globe.

The image shows a worldwide data set of mining areas

Legislative Guide on Illegal Mining - ADVANCE COPY

The present publication was prepared by the Conference Support
Section, Organized Crime and Illicit Trafficking Branch, Division for
Treaty Affairs of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
(UNODC), under the Global Programme on Implementing the
Organized Crime Convention: From Theory to Practice.
This report has the latest and concrete statistics about serious
problems posed due to illegal mining across the globe with real-life
examples and case studies. It also contains information regarding the
causes and consequences of such an issue.

Global Consequence:
Issues Related to Illegal Mining of Ores.
Legislative Guide on Illegal Mining - ADVANCE COPY

● Illegal Mining has caused numerous global as well as

regional consequences in the past years.
● This kind of act persistently contributes to majorly
affecting the environment.
● Mining can cause erosion, loss of biodiversity, and
contamination of soil and surface water by chemicals
emitted from mining activities, it can also cause vulnerable
loss of communities.

Arms Trafficking
● The impact of the diversion and trafficking of arms on
peace and security - Security Council Open Debate: dated
22nd Nov 2021
The impact of the diversion and trafficking of arms on
peace and
security - Security Council Open Debate
This is an open debate conducted by UN in connection with
"The impact of the diversion and trafficking of arms on
peace and security" under the agenda item "Small arms".
 ● Arms trafficking and organized crime: Global trade, local
impacts: dated 23rd August 2022
Arms trafficking and organized crime | Global Initiative

This is a policy brief which provides an overview of the sources

and flows feeding the global illicit firearms trade and the impact
this has on the dynamics of organized crime. The brief also
examines the shortcomings of current international regulatory
frameworks and offers recommendations for states, as well as
regional and international organizations, seeking to counter this
illicit market. A copy of this policy is attached here including
robust global statistics:
ARMS TRAFFICKING

Global Consequence:
● Arms trafficking has led to strong human rights
violations across different regions around the world
and also led to the loss of security among many. It has
also led to international-level security breaches of
large finance sectors and terrorism.

Addressing the linkages between illicit arms, organized crime

and armed conflict | UNODC:
This Case Study briefly addresed how Illicit arms and organized
crimes which include illegal mining are interconnected and
potrait the same global consequence that is loss of security
among regions, communities, people and the nations.

The following illustration describes the linkages among illicit

arms, organized crimes that are leading to a range of
consequences
OCG’s are organized criminal group (Handle the Illegal Mining).
NSAG’s are non-State armed groups (PART OF THE ILLICIT ARMS
TRADE).

Legacy Weapons- are unique weapons that have been

forged or sed by legendary beings.
Stockpile Insecurity- the practice of storing large supplies
for future use.

The following illustration describes how an Armed Coflict,

Organized Crime, and Illicit Arms and Ammunition provides one
another with their needs.
Broad Topic:
Smuggling of Migrants.
● Migrant smugglers take advantage of people who want to
escape hardship and these facilitate their illegal entry into a
country that projects strong human rights violations and a threat
of security among many.

Global Consequence:
Smuggled migrants are vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. Their
safety and even their lives are often put at risk: they may suffocate in
containers, perish in deserts or drown at sea while being smuggled
by profit-seeking criminals

HUMAN TRAFFICKING & MIGRANT SMUGGLING: UNDERSTANDING THE

DIFFERENCE
The above info in link conveys that the smuggling of migrants is
distinct from human trafficking and portrays insights of how these
people are treated in different perspectives.

Reference: (No date) Human trafficking & migrant smuggling:

Understanding the difference.
Available at:
https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/272325.pdf
(Accessed: 28 August 2023).
The above illustration determines how both factors of demand and services
play a vital role in the smuggling of migrants across international and
regional borders.

.The above illustration shows how the smuggling chains actually are.