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Introduction to JavaScript
August 22, 2022
Introduction
JavaScript is a lightweight language
It is interpreted programming language
It is designed for creating network-centric applications
It is complimentary and integrated with Java
It is very easy to implement because it is integrated with HTML
It is open and crossed platform
Features of JavaScript
It is most popular scripting and programming language
JavaScript is everywhere, it comes on every modern web-browser
It does not need any special environment setup
It helps to create beautiful and interactive websites
It has lots of frameworks and libraries
Advantages of JavaScript
Less Server interaction
Validate user inputs at Client Side, no load on server
Immediate feedback to the visitors
Increased connectivity
Create interfaces to react when user hovers mouse over components

Richer interface
Includes items as drag & drop components and sliders to give a Rich Interface to website
Program in JavaScript
Following program will print "Hello World!!!" on browser using HTML and JavaScript
<html>
<head>
<title>
Program to Print Statement
</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
document.write(" Hello World!!! ");
</script>
</body>
</html>
document is an object calls the function write() to print statement on browser

through JavaScript
Data Types
A value in JavaScript is always of a certain type. For example, a String or a number.
Any type of value can be stored in variable.
For Example
A variable can store String value at one moment and then it can be updated to a number
var message=" Hello ";
message= 1000;
Number
The number type represents both Integer and Floating point numbers, all the operations
associated with the Integer and floating point numbers are applicable to number data type.
Operation like Arithmetic, Relational, Assignment etc...
Example:
var num=200;
var value=12.90;
There are some "special numeric values" are associated with this data type is as follows
Infinity
-Infinity
NaN
These above data types are belongs to Number data type in JavaScript.
Infinity
It represent the mathematical Infinity ∞

It is a special value that is greater than any number, this value is a result of
some mathematical operations for example
1/0
if we divide any number by zero it will generate infinity
NaN (Not a Number)
It represents a computational error. It is a result of an incorrect or an undefined mathematical

operation.
For Example:
var x, y;
x=" Hello ";
y = x/2;
This above operation will generate error NaN.

Performing math operation in JavaScript is safe, if any operation is performed by mistake, it
never stops execution of program by generating fatal errors, at worst it generates NaN result.
String
A String in JavaScript is surrounded by quotes. There are 3 ways to assign String value to a
variable
var name = "Abhay";
var str = " Welcome " ;
var str1 = ' Welcome to Program ' ;
var str2 = ` Welcome ${name} ` ;
In JavaScript there are 3 types of quotes
Double Quotes : "Welcome"
Single Quotes : 'Welcome'
Back Ticks : ` Welcome `
Boolean
The Boolean type has only two values: true or false . This type is commonly used to store logical
values of types true or false / yes or no. These values are also generated from the operation like
Relational Operations or Comparison Operations.
For Example
var x = true;
var y=100;
x = y > 101;
above operation will update the value of x from true to false, as the comparison is wrong, it
will generate the value false.
Branching
if Statement
Is a fundamental control statement
Allows JavaScript to make decision and execute statement conditionally
Syntax
if(expression)
Statement to be executed if expression is true
if … else Statement
Is the next form of the control statement
Allows JavaScript to execute statements in more controlled way
Syntax
if(expression)
{
else
Statement to be executed if expression is false
if … else if … Statement
Is an advanced form of if … else
Allows JavaScript to make a correct decision out of several conditions
It allows JavaScript to execute the multiple statement as per the true expression
Syntax
if(expression)
else if (expression1)
Statement to be executed if expression1 is true
else if (expression2)
Statement to be executed if expression2 is true

}
else
Statement to be executed if all above expressions are false
switch Case
The switch case is used to evaluate an expression and execute several statements based on the
value of expression
The interpreter verifies the case against the value of the expression
If match is found with the case, then statement of the case executed
If nothing matches, then a default condition will be used.
Syntax
switch (expression)
case condition 1: statement(s)
break;
case condition 2: statement(s)
break;
...
case condition n: statement(s)

break;
default: statement(s)
The break statement is used to end a particular case,
If break is not there it will continue to execute further case
The while Loop
The most basic loop used in JavaScript
The purpose of the while loop is to execute the statements or code block repeatedly as long as
expression true.
Once the expression is false, the loop terminates
Syntax:
while(expression)
statement to be executed if the expression is true
The do … while Loop
The task of the while and the do … while is same, except that the expression check happens at
the end of the loop.
The loop will always be executed at least once, even if the expression is false.
Syntax:
do
{
Statement(s) to be executed;
} while (expression) ;
Semicolon is compulsory after while, so that the loop will get terminate if expression is false.
for Loop
It is most compact form of looping, which includes 3 important parts as follows:
• Loop Initialization: Initializes counter to a starting value, it executes before loop begins.
• Test Statement: Test expression, if expression is true it executes the code block of loop, if
false, it terminates the loop.
• Iteration Statement: Increases or decreases the value of the counter.
Syntax:
for ( initialization ; test condition ; iteration statement )
Statement(s) to be executed if test condition is true

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Introduction to JavaScript

August 22, 2022

It is interpreted programming language

It is designed for creating network-centric applications

It is complimentary and integrated with Java

It is very easy to implement because it is integrated with HTML

It is open and crossed platform

JavaScript is everywhere, it comes on every modern web-browser

It does not need any special environment setup

It helps to create beautiful and interactive websites

It has lots of frameworks and libraries

Validate user inputs at Client Side, no load on server

Immediate feedback to the visitors

Create interfaces to react when user hovers mouse over components

Program to Print Statement

document.write(" Hello World!!! ");

document is an object calls the function write() to print statement on browser

var message=" Hello ";

It represent the mathematical Infinity ∞

if we divide any number by zero it will generate infinity

NaN (Not a Number)

It represents a computational error. It is a result of an incorrect or an undefined mathematical

x=" Hello ";

This above operation will generate error NaN.

var name = "Abhay";

var str = " Welcome " ;

var str1 = ' Welcome to Program ' ;

var str2 = ` Welcome ${name} ` ;

In JavaScript there are 3 types of quotes

Double Quotes : "Welcome"

Single Quotes : 'Welcome'

Back Ticks : ` Welcome `

Is a fundamental control statement

Allows JavaScript to make decision and execute statement conditionally

Statement to be executed if expression is true

Is the next form of the control statement

Allows JavaScript to execute statements in more controlled way

Statement to be executed if expression is true

Statement to be executed if expression is false

Is an advanced form of if … else

Allows JavaScript to make a correct decision out of several conditions

Statement to be executed if expression is true

Statement to be executed if expression1 is true

Statement to be executed if expression2 is true

Statement to be executed if all above expressions are false

If nothing matches, then a default condition will be used.

case condition 1: statement(s)

case condition 2: statement(s)

case condition n: statement(s)

The break statement is used to end a particular case,

If break is not there it will continue to execute further case

The while Loop

The most basic loop used in JavaScript

Once the expression is false, the loop terminates

statement to be executed if the expression is true

The do … while Loop

It is most compact form of looping, which includes 3 important parts as follows: