Hag CIVIL ENGINEERING LICENSURE ET RRAMINATIONS HYDRAULICS and GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING NOVEMBER 2022 TE er A confined aquifer is recharged by a continuous supply of water from a certain source. The average thickness of the aquifer was determined to be 25 m. and the average width is 4 km. The hydraulic .conductivity (coefficient of permeability) of the aquifer was obtained at 50 m per day and its porosity is 0.25. The piezometric heads on two wells 1 km apart are 65 m. and 60 m. from a common reference datum. From the given data, obtain: the rate of flow through the aquifer in cu.m. per day. Evaluate the seepage velocity in meiers per day. Evaluate the time of travel, in days, from the head of the aquifer to point 4 km downstream. 8 8 e A= 25(4000) A= 100000 m2 Q=KiA Q= (40)(5x 10°3)(100000) Q= 20000 mday ® Seepage velocity: = os = 0.8 m/day Time to travel 3 km downstream: ___Distance Seepage velociy "08 ‘= 3750 days PP =F Ard ‘The result of a consolidated drained ti-axal | soil fest conducted on a consolidated clay are as follows Chamber confining pressure = 250 kPa Deviator stress at failure = 350 kPa © Evaluate the angle of riction of the sol sample in degrees. Evaluate the shear stress on the faiute plane in kPa. ® Evaluate the normal stress on the plane of maximum shear in kPa. @q H-189 | i éngineering Licensure Examinations aa a Solution: » Angle offrction ofthe soil sample T= 175 Cos 24.31" T= 159 kPa ® Normal strass on the plane of maximum shear n= 425 kPa eee ROPE A450 kn ang 's transmitted by a column footing 7 Surface through a square footing 1.6 de esi that the force exerted erlying soil formation spreads on 2 mata to + horizontal, evaluate the pressure I" footing on a sol 2.7 m. below it Solution: 450 kN ERE 13s” 1s “Vas 42 CE Board Nov. 2022 An unconfined compression test was conducted to a soil sample having a diameter of 50 mm. The failure load was 65 N. What is the value of the cohesion strength of the clay in kPa. Solution: 0.066 Bigot * (0.05) {oe 0=3361 Unconfined compression ( 6 23361 KPa Cohesion strength C : _ 3361 _yggupaH-190 5, CE Board Nov. 2022 A triangular gate or height 1.2 m and base 0.9 m is installed in a position that its plane is inclined 60 degrees with the horizontal with its vertex at the top and the base is parallel to the water surface. The vertex is at a depth of 2m vertically below the water surface. Fresh water is on one side of the gate. @® Evaluate the total hydrostatic force on the gate in kN. ® Locate the point of action of the total hydrostatic force from the vertex on the plane on the gate. If the gate is Hinged at the bottom, evaluate the force normal to the gate at its vertex thet will be required to open it in KN. @ Solution: @® Total hydrostatic force on the gate in kN. Hinged comer of 0, pressure 90 h=2+0.8 Sin 60° P=yhA p-aeresta{$)12908) P=14.3kN Civil Engineering Licensure Examinations force from the vertex on the plane on the gate. =06+ Solution: XSI 8 090 os (Vn 30% \ ji Vv, =¥- 800 BF = V,(1.03)(9.84) BF = 10.1043, W=V(0.90)(2.81) W=8829V BF=W 10.1043 V, = 8.829 V 10.1043 (V - 500) = 8.829 V 1.2753\V = 5052.15 V= 3962 m? TT TP eee A right cylindrical container 4.0 m diameter is 3m. fall. A50 mm diameter hole is provided at the bottom of the container to drain the water When necessary. If itis full of water, how long, in hour(s), does it take to empty the container fom the instant the hole is opened? Coeficient of velocity and coefficient of | Srtraction both equal to 10. Solution: x A= —(0.05) (008) A= 0.00196 A= Fy =m p= Zar 4(z)(005)* /2(981) t =5005 sec. t= 1.39 hours CTT ars 74 A cohesive soil sample was taken from an ‘SPT and taken to the laboratory in a glass jar. Itwas found to weigh 145 grams. The sample was then placed in a container having a volume V = 500 cm? and 420 cm? of water were added to fill the container. Evaluate the unit weight of the soil in KN/m?. Solution: we 0.145(9.81) 1000 W =0.00142245 kN V=500- 420 v= 80cm? V = 0.00008 m? 2+R “ 12 ‘Shas 2 nO + 8= 2202" PAP 8 TCR asd The following table shows an approximate correlation between the standard penetration test (SPT) and the unconfined compression strength of cohesive soils, Unconfined SPT blows Consistency compressive strength, : qu(kPa) 0to2 Very soft 0-239 2to4 Soft 23.9-478 Ato8 Mediurn 478-957 8t015 Stif 957-191 48 to 34 Very Stiff 191-383, Evaluate the approximate shear strength of the soil if the blow count N = 6. Solution: 2 4 478 44746 * \ 4799 8 95.7 4 4 47,90 x= 23.95 4g, =47.8+ 23.95 4g, =71.75kPa 4 esa 1.75 ¢ = 35.9 kPaH-200 (ofA =f TM LAAs ‘According to the elastic theory, the vertical stress induced flexible line load of infinite length that has an intensity of q units/length on the surface of a semi-infinite soil mass can be estimated by the expression: . gq = 0.637 — peel of = horizontal distance from the line load Z.= depth of interest at which stress is induced A concrete hollow block wall weighing 6 kN per lineal meter is carried by a wall footing 0.60 m. wide. @ Evaluate the bearing pressure in kPa exerted by the footing onto the supporting soil, ® Evaluate the stress in the soil caused by the load depth equal to twice its width. @ Evaluate the stress at a depth of 2m. and a horizontal distance 3 m. from the line of load. Solution: @ Bearing pressure in kPa exerted by the footing onto the supporting soll Consider 1 m. length of wall. A=0.8(1)=0.6 m? Civil Engineering Licensure Examinations ® Stress in the soll caused by the loag equal to twice its width Z=2(0.6) Z=12m _ 0637q PEON rfl] walla] N=1.2 p= cere) = 5.1 kPa Stress at a depth of 2 m. and a hori distance 3 m. from the line of load r=3 E=2 N=21.125 + _ 0,637q ' ReH-201 civil Engineering Licensure Examinations _————— Weed) lars Alayer of clay 8.6 m thick is overlain by a” deposit of sand 15.2 m thick to ground surface. When the water table is at ground surface leval, the saturated unit weight of the sand was determined to be 21.2 kNim? for wich its dry unit weight is 18.2 kNim3. The seturated unit weight of the clay is 18.8 kN/m?, When the ground water table lowered by 76 m, the degree of saturation of the sand above the water table was lowered to 30%. At the mi-height ofthe clay layer, © Evaluate the effective pressure, in kPa, before lowering of the water table. @ Evaluate the effective pressure, in KPa, after the lowering of the water table. @ Evluate the effective pressure, in kPa, when there is no water in the sand layer but remain in moist condition at the same degree of saturation. Solution: © Effective pressure before lowering of the water table ec ite san) Sad | gf21.2 kN + Bin) Clay ae {18.8 Nim S, = 152(21.2-9.81) + 4.3(188- 961) 6, = 212 kPa @ Effective pressure alter the lowering of the water table 7.6m | anes asi va F 43 4m] Clay Ae sa (6, *Se, 1+e _ [2673 +03 (0.4408) }98t Ya = 404405 Ya 719A KN? st 6, =7.5 (19.1) +7.6(21.2- 981) +4:3(18.8 -981) 0, = 270 kPaH-202 . Civil Engineering Licensure Examinations Se ® Effective pressure when there is no water in the sand layer but remain in moist condition at the same degree of saturation Sand 5=30% 1 pei7!8:803 KN/m? 152m) ties] OUN gg 1 sai#18.8 KN/m3 6, = 19.1(15.2) + 4.3(18.8 -9.81) 6, = 329 kPa