REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON

REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN Peace- Work-Fatherland

Paix-Travail-Patrie *********
******** UNIVERSITY OF BUEA
UNIVERSITY DE BUEA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
FACULTE DE TCHNOLOGIE (COT)

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

ACADEMIC INTERNSHIP
2021-2022
 COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY:

KETU PRINCE LEKU

CT20A263
MECHANICAL MANUFACTURING ENGINEER

Princeketu800@gmail.com

682119836

COT310

ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR
PROFESSIONAL FIELD SUPERVISOR
DR. MBITEKAMBOH RICHARD
Eng. WAM NATHANIEL
WANKIE

AUGUST 1,2022 TO OCTOBER 7,2022

WANGO ENGINEERING

1
 INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATION

WANGO ENGINEERING

Date: JANUARY 28,2023

This is to certify that KETU PRINCE LEKU a student of bachelor in technology in College of
technology
university of Buea studying Mechanical manufacturing worked under my supervision during
his internship period and worked at WANGO ENGINEERING LIMITED has successfully
completed his two months’ internship from august 1,2022 to October 7,2022.
During his internship he demonstrated good skills and a self-motivated attitude to learn and
understand new things.
His performance exceeded expectation and was able to complete the tasks assign to him
successfully on time, he was punctual and hard working.
I am pleased to state that he worked hard in preparing his report and he has been able to
present a good picture of the concern works.
KETU PRINCE LEKU possesses a good moral character and a pleasing personality, we wish
him all the best for his future endeavors.

For, WANGO ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR FIELD SUPERVISOR

DR. MBITEKAMBOH RICHARD WANKIE Eng. WAN NATHANIEL

Signature: __________________ Signature: __________________

Date: ______________________ Date: ______________________

ii
RESUME

KETU PRINCE LEKU

Date of Birth: 10/09/2002
Place of Birth: tiko, South West
Email: princeketu800@gmail.com
Tel: +237682119836

OBJECTIVES

To gain position in areas suitable for my credentials and where I can demonstrate my
technical, engineering, and social skills and to contribute to any establishment willing to
hire my skills and services.

EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE OBTAINED INSTITUTION YEAR
Bachelor in mechanical fabrication (Awaiting). College of technology
Advance level (5 papers) G.B.H.S Mutengene GCE
2020
Ordinary Level (9 papers) G.B.H.S Mutengene GCE
2018
First school living certificate G.S Mutengene 2013
Primary school 2007 - 2013 at G.S mutengene

Secondary school 2013 - 2018 at G.B.H.S mutengene

High school 2018 - 2020 at G.B.H.S mutengene

University 2020 - 2023 at College of technology University of Buea(still in process)

WORK EXPERIENCE:

• Demonstrated technical ability in mechanical fabrication at Groupe Des technique

industriel in Akwa Douala 2021
• Demonstrated technical ability on Lathe and Milling machine operation at advance
vocational training center limbe (AVTC)
• Demonstrated technical ability in 3d CAD at college of technology University of
buea.

iii
SKILLS:
• I can use solid works to draw 3d designs, animate and simulate them.
• I can operate lathe and milling machines.
• I can weld
• I can use Proteus software to simulation electronic components combined together.
• I can use Arduino IDE software programming for electronics and sensors.
• I can manage small scheme projects.

HOBBY:
Drawing/3d CAD research, coding, listen and watch educative music and movies, sports

LANGUAGE:
English language – Speaking and Writing Efficiency: Good.
French Language – Speaking Efficiency: Normal

iv
Table of Contents
INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATION ................................................................................................................... ii
RESUME.................................................................................................................................................. iii
FIGURES................................................................................................................................................. vii
TABLES................................................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF EQUATIONS .............................................................................................................................. vii
DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ ix
LIST OF ABBREVATION ............................................................................................................................ x
SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. xi
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1
GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1
VISION OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING .................................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................................... 2
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF COMPANY ........................................................................................... 2
OBJECTIVE AND GOAL OF COMPANY.............................................................................................. 2
SPECIALIZATION OF COMPANY ........................................................................................................... 3
OPERATION SHEDULE ......................................................................................................................... 3
ORGANIGRAN CHART FOR WANGO ENGINEERING ............................................................................ 3
LITERAL REVIEW ON THE TOPIC .............................................................................................................. 4
MOTIVATION FOR TOPIC..................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................ 5
WEEK NUMBER ....................................................................................................................................... 5
ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT .................................................................................................................... 5
EXPERIENCE GAIN ............................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 14
PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS ................................................................................................................ 14
a) Blake Type Jaw Crusher ................................................................................................................. 14
b) Dodge Type Jaw Crusher ........................................................................................................... 15
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A JAW CRUSHER ........................................................................................ 16
.......................................................................................................................................................... 17
JAW CRUSHER COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................... 17
Crusher Frame ............................................................................................................................... 17
Jaw Stock ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Pitman ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Toggle Plate Protecting the Jaw Crusher ....................................................................................... 19

v
 Tension Rod Retaining Toggle Plate .............................................................................................. 19
Jaw Crusher Eccentric Shaft Bearings ............................................................................................ 20
Arc welding Process .......................................................................................................................... 25
Types of Weld joint ........................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 27: BUTTED, CORNER,LAP,TEE AND JOINTS ........................................................................... 26
Types of Welded Joints and Types of Welds..................................................................................... 26
Strength Analysis............................................................................................................................... 26
Fillet Welds ................................................................................................................................... 28
DISCUSSION........................................................................................................................................... 29
CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................... 30
REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 31
APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................................... 32
FABRICATION OF BREAD ROLLING MACHINE ................................................................................... 33

vi
FIGURES
Figure 1: plate roll to form a cylindrical pipe .......................................................................................... 7
Figure 2: EGUSI GRINDING MACHING..................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3:Single toggle jaw crusher ........................................................................................................ 14
Figure 4:double toggle jaw crusher....................................................................................................... 15
Figure 5:Dodge type crusher ................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 6: STONE CRUSHER .................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 7: 3D DESIGN OF STONE JAW CRUSHER .................................................................................... 17
Figure 8: 3D DESIGN OF STONE JAW CUSHER....................................................................................... 17
Figure 9: THE CRUSHING CHAMBER...................................................................................................... 18
Figure 10: A SET OF SPICIES GRINDING MACHINE ................................................................................ 21
Figure 11: 3D DESIGN OF SPICES GRINDING MACHINE ........................................................................ 21
Figure 12: EGUSI GRINDING MACHINE ................................................................................................. 21
Figure 13: 3D DESIGN OF EGUSI GRINDING MACHINE ......................................................................... 21
Figure 14: 3D DESIGN OF MAIZE PEELING MACHINE............................................................................ 22
Figure 15: MAIZE PEELING MACHINE.................................................................................................... 22
Figure 16: CASSAVA GRINDING MACHINE ............................................................................................ 22
Figure 17: 3D DESIGN OF CASSAVA GRINDING MACHINE .................................................................... 22
Figure 18: 3D DESIGN OF FOUR INDEPENDENT JAW CENTER FOR LATHE............................................ 23
Figure 19: 4 INDEPENDENT JAW CRUSHER ........................................................................................... 23
Figure 20: 3D DESIGN OF MAIZE FLOUR GRINDING MACHINE ............................................................. 23
Figure 21: MAIZE FLOUR GRINDING MACHINE ..................................................................................... 23
Figure 22: PALM OIL MILLING MACHINE .............................................................................................. 24
Figure 23: 3D DESIGN OF PLAM OIL MILLING MACHINE ...................................................................... 24
Figure 24: AUTOMATIC PALM OIL MILLING MACHINE ......................................................................... 24
Figure 25: 3D DESIGN OF PALM OIL MILLING MACHINE ...................................................................... 24
Figure 26: ARC WELDING PROCESS ...................................................................................................... 25
Figure 27: BUTTED, CORNER,LAP,TEE AND JOINTS............................................................................... 26
Figure 28: STRESS ACTING ON A WELDED JOINT .................................................................................. 27
Figure 29: FILLET JOIN ........................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 30: STONE CRUSHER TOP VIEW ................................................................................................. 32
Figure 31STONE CRUSHER SIDE VIEW .................................................................................................. 32
Figure 32: MEASURING THE DIAMER OF A ROLLER CEILED .................................................................. 32
Figure 33: MEASURINGT THE THICKNESS OF A ROLLER CEILED USING VENIER CALIPER ..................... 32
Figure 34: BREAD ROLLING MACHINE................................................................................................... 33
Figure 35: MEASURING THE THICKNESS OF A ROLLER CEILED ............................................................. 33
Figure 36: MEASURING THE DIAMETER USING VERNIER CALIPER ....................................................... 33

TABLES
Table 1: OPERATION SHEDULE ................................................................................................................ 3
Table 2: COMPANY ORGANIGRAM ......................................................................................................... 3

LIST OF EQUATIONS
Equation 1: STRESS ACTING ON BUTTED JOINT .................................................................................... 27
Equation 2: SHEAR STRESS ACTING ON BUTTED JOIN .......................................................................... 27
Equation 3: STRESS DUE TO MOMENT FORCE ON THE LAPJOINT ........................................................ 27
Equation 4: STRESS ACTING ON FILLET WELD....................................................................................... 28

vii
DEDICATION
This internship report is dedicated to my lovely parents for their support and encouragement

viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Throughout this my internship and the writing of this report, I have received great
assistance and support from the people I will like to show my gratitude and appreciation to
acknowledge their efforts.
All praises be to God almighty, I want thank him for giving me good health and the
patience with the tenacity of mind to complete and understand this industrial training
program.
I thank the COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF BUEA and his staff for sending me
on this industrial training which gave a chance to learn new practical techniques in my field
of study and had a great impact on my career as a mechanical fabrication engineer.
I would like to thank and compliment my industrial training supervisor Engineer WAM
NATHANIEL he is very kind in person and I thank him for giving me his attention and support
which made me understand and gain skills on how to perform tasks accurately during
manufacturing.
I would like to express my gratitude to my academic supervisor Dr. MBITEKAMBOH
RICHARD WANKIE for all his exemplary guidance and encouragement during the writing of
this report.
I would like to thank the director of WANGO ENGINEERING for granting my request to
carry out my internship at his company
I would like to thank MR. SAMUEL, Engineer BENTON, Mr. NUYBEGA PRIDE, Mr. BRIAN,
Mr. FORMUKONG RAPHAEL all their all their encouragements and support they offered to
me at the work shop.
I thank my family for providing all the necessary needs form my academics.

ix
LIST OF ABBREVATION
cm: centimeter

mm: millimeter

x
SUMMARY
This internship has boost my skills in designing of mechanical systems
Throughout this industrial experience, I learned so much and became familiar with so many
apparatuses in the field of mechanical engineering it was a great privilege to do two months’
internship at WANGO ENGINNERING I began the internship without knowing much concerning
welding and cutting materials accurately but due to my braveness, i could develop some skills on
doing work accurately and precisely and take part in the activity. I evaluated my level after the first
four weeks of work and was proud of myself because my level had drastically changed and the boss
realize I was performing well and he started assigning complicated jobs to me in which I accurately
perform them and the boss was amaze with my skills and dedication at the workshop

xi
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
This report is a series of activities carried out by KETU PRINCE LEKU a mechanical fabrication intern at
WANGO ENGINEERING

Every year COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF BUEA sends his level 300 students on an intense 2
months industrial training incorporated to the bachelor of technology degree program which aim to
introduce the undergraduates to the practical engineering domain of his field of study in order to be
competitive in the job market after graduation and to fight against unemployment.

VISION OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

The vision of the mechanical department is to be globally recognize in providing mechanical engineering
education to educate, inspire and mentor students to excel as professionals, leading to well qualified
engineers who are innovative, immediate contributors to their profession.

OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

 To prepare students with a broad knowledge of mechanical engineering practice applicable to
many industries to relate theoretical knowledge with applications at the industry before
permanent commitment are made on their careers.
 To make students develop skills and techniques directly applicable to their career.
 To prepare undergraduates with key knowledge and skills to solve technical problems in applied
design, analysis, manufacture, test, assembly of mechanical systems, machines and strength of
materials.
 To prepare students to be able to identify the appropriate engineering technique methods to
solve a given engineering problem.
 To prepare undergraduates to be able to be productive contributors in professional practice at
their career path as member of a technical team.
 To prepare students who knows how to act in a professional manner to continue to learn and
adapt to continuous changing work environment.
 To prepare undergraduates to be able to use CAD software in designing mechanical parts or
machines to perform specific tasks.
 To increase student a student sense of responsibility and good working habits.
 Student will have a higher level of academic performance after internship.
 To enhance the ability to improve student creativity skills and sharing ideas.
 Students are instilled with good moral values such as responsibility, commitment and
trustworthy during their training.

1
CHAPTER ONE
The industrial internship was carried out at WANGO ENGINEERING located at MUTENGENE

The workshop carries out mainly fabrication of machines and lathe machine operations.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF COMPANY

 THE MECHANISM OF THE MACHINE:
That is the principle of operation of the machine which begins with a design.
 THE STRENGHT OF THE DESIGN:
The materials use in the fabrication of a machine must have the characteristics which is suits
the place of application of the machine for example to produce a machine which grinds food
item we can’t use aluminum or cast iron because aluminum is weak in strength and cast iron can
easily rust so the best material which can be used for this application is stainless steel because it
has high strength and it is highly resistant to rust so cannot easily contaminate food.
 THE APPEARANCE OF THE DESIGN:
The design is made in such a way that suits the clients and also the painting like for example
increasing the size of a hopper while not increase the efficiency of a grinding machine but
increasing the size the grinding mechanism (the shaft) will increase the efficiency because much
material will be grinded at one but the clients don’t know of that.

OBJECTIVE AND GOAL OF COMPANY

 OBJECTIVE OF COMPANY
 To produce reliable high quality efficient machine to their client and ensuring integrity safety
and sustainability are at the heart of every machine they machine.
 To provide innovative reliable and cost effective solutions to mechanical problems.
 To attain best global practice in the world of engineering.
 To achieve excellence in project execution.
 To increase on the strength of their designing.
 To trained young mechanical interns so that they can be familiar with practical works.

GOAL AND VISION OF COMPANY

 To be the manufacturing company of choice for their clients in the global market.
 To be the best advance mechanical fabrication company in their locality in terms of technology.
 To continuously provide 100% clients satisfaction by using more economical modern advance
techniques to solve mechanical problems.
 To fabricate machine and machine parts which are more resistant and suitable at their point of
application.
 To make their interns and workers up to standard in the mechanical engineering world.

2
SPECIALIZATION OF COMPANY
 Productions of machines.
 Lathe machine operation (turning, grooving, facing, taper turning, boring, drilling, threading,
fabrication of eccentric shaft)
 Welding (arc welding)
 Drilling
 Threading (taping and dies)

OPERATION SHEDULE
DAY WORKING TIME OPERATING PERIOD
TUESDAY TO 8:00 AM – 13:00 PM 5 HOURS
SATURDAY (WORKING PERIOD)
13:00 PM – 13:30 PM 1/2 HOURS
(LUNCH TIME)
13:30 PM – 18:00 PM 4.5 HOURS
(WORKING PERIOD)
SUNDAY TO WEEK END
MONDAY
Table 1: OPERATION SHEDULE

ORGANIGRAN CHART FOR WANGO ENGINEERING

DIRECTOR
ENGINEER WANGO

ENGINEER BENTON
MR BURNER MR BRIAN MR SAMUEL
MECHANICAL
WELDER WELDER WELDER
FABRICATION

MR FORMUKONG
MR LAMAGE MR PRIDE
RAPHEAL
WELDER WELDER
WELDER

Table 2: COMPANY ORGANIGRAM

3
LITERAL REVIEW ON THE TOPIC
I was assign to research on a ROCK (STONE) JAW CRUSHING MACHINE

Rock is a natural occurring resource found in and on the earth surface. A rock is defined as an aggregate
mineral petrified matter found on the earth crust
Crushing is the process of reducing the size of the lump of ore or over size rock into definite smaller
sizes. The crusher crushes the feed by some moving units against a stationary unit or against another
moving unit by the applied pressure, impact, and shearing or combine action on them. The strain in the
feed material due to sufficiently applied pressure, impact forces, or shearing effect when exceeds the
elastic limit of the feed material, the fracturing will occur on them.

MOTIVATION FOR TOPIC

Due to the risk involve in the manual cracking of gravel with a hammer can lead to severe injuries which
can be a life time defect, a stone can accidentally hit your eye which can be dangerous.

So as to resolve all the risks involved in the manual gravel production the is a need to produce a semi-
automatic stone gravel processing machine.

Due to the increase in in fracture of the world large amount of gravel need to be produce in order to
meet the demand for the gravels which are commonly use in house, bridges, road construction and the
manual process of producing gravel cannot meet up the demand for the gravel within the allocated
period set by the clients

Therefore, the is a need to produce stone crushers

4
CHAPTER TWO

ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT EXPERIENCE

WEEK GAIN
NUMBER
WEEK 1 On arrival at the company I was been lecture on some rules and I learn the
regulations governing safety at the workshop to reduce risk and safety
avoid accident, some of the rules and regulations were measures in a
The dressing code we were ask to dress in an overall, safety company
shoes, protective goggles, hand gloves.
I learn how to
To wear the correct protective equipment for the tools you are
read a Vernier
using and to ask if doubt. caliper
To avoid drugs, alcohol and smoking.
To avoid unnecessary distraction during working hours. I learn how to
Keep tools and the workshop clean. operate an
To immediately notify the workshop supervisor of any faulty or angle grinder
broken equipment.
To ask how to use and operate a tool or machine safely before I learn the
using it. various
To avoid fighting and shouting with each other on the operations
done on a
workshop.
lathe machine
I was taught on how to collect dimensions using measuring
instruments like Vernier caliper, tape, metric scale on the lathe
machine
Vernier caliper measurement as shown in fig:1, you read the
main scale in cm and on the other minor scale you identify the
line on the minor scale which best align with the major scale
and it in millimeters then add it to the first value you first read
in the major scale in cm.

We were taught on how to operate an angle grinder and how

to cut a work piece straight and were to look while cutting for
your safety were we remove and install both cutting and filing
disks on the angle grinder and later on the angle grinder to cut
some rods.
We were taught on how to operate a welding machine and
when to regulate the voltage on the machine before welding
then we later tried welding an off cut so that we can gain a
small experience from it.
We were taught on how to operate a lathe machine and the
various process which can be perform on a lathe machine and

5
 how to take measurements on a lathe to have a very accurate
part.
We lectured on some operations carried on lathe machine
Turning, Facing, Contour turning, Taper turning, Form turning,
cut off or Parting, Threading, Drilling, Knurling, Grooving,
reaming, boring, eccentric turning.
TYPES OF TOOLS L USE IN LATHE OPERATIONS
Carbide, High speed steel(HSS) , diamond
OPERATIONS ON LATHE MACHINE
Facing: it is used to making a flat surface were the tool is move
at the end of work piece perpendicular to the axis of work while
the work piece is rotating.
Turning: it is the operation of producing a cylindrical surface by
advancing the tip of the tool by a distance perpendicular to the
axis of work and moving the tool parallel to the axis of rotation
of the work piece.
Boring: here a single point tool head is fed linearly to the end of
the work piece to increase it internal diameter.
Threading: a point tool is used at the outside surface of the
work piece with linear feed to create a thread.
Drilling: a drill is place on the tail stock and is use to drill a hole
at the center end of the work piece.
FABRICATIONS OF ELECTRIC POOLS FOR STREET LIGHT
We produce metal street light pool y welding pipes to have the
require length and welding the top of the pool a plate where the
solar lamps will be mounted on.
Holes were drill on the plate so as to attach the lamps to the pole
using bolts so that it will be easy to dismantle and change the
lamps when lamp is bad
We weld a tick pipe at the bottom so that it can carry the weight
of the entire pool, this this the portion that will be covered in the
ground

WEEK 2 FABRICATION OF A SPICIES GRINDING MACHINE (Fig:10) I learn how to

The material use here is stainless steel and it is highly resistant rolled a plate
to corrosion(rust) and it has great strength to form a
We started by producing the hopper a stainless steel plate was cylinder were
the screw
mark out which has the top horizontal distance 38cm and the
conveyor will
bottom horizontal distance of 6cm and has a height of 37cm
rotate in
the dimensions were taken using a tape and a scriber then we
later cut the mark out part using an angle grinder with a cutting
stone, three other identical parts were made.

6
The 4 identical parts we welded together edge to edge to for a
hopper the electrode use was a steel electrode example enux
electrode.
A steel pipe of diameter 6cm and length 25cm was form from a
rectangular steel plate having dimensions 25cm by the
circumference of the circle.
The plate was rolled into pipe using a rolling machine and the
diameter was taking into consideration during rolling the pipe
was welded at the edge.

Figure 1: plate roll to form a cylindrical pipe

The stand of the machine was then produce using stainless
steel and of height 27.5 cm and welded a cavity of radius 3cm
was cut using an angle grinder so that the steel pipe can sit
inside the pipe was then welded to the stand.
A shaft of length 40cm and diameter 4cm was cut from a steel
bar of diameter 4cm, turning operation was carry out on a lathe
machine to reduce the diameter of one side of the shaft to a
diameter equal to the internal diameter of the bearing, the
turning length was 15cm.
A coil of pitch 3cm was drawn on the shaft from the end of the
turn area and of helix length 15cm, a thin steel plate of width
9mm was cut and welded round the shaft following the trace of
the helix to for a helical shaft. The remaining 12cm was left
uncoiled.
A bearing adaptor was rolled and welded at the back of the
pipe so that the bearing will be held in place.
A short key way was cut in the turned portion of the shaft and a
pulley was mounted on it
The stirring of the machine was produce as follows, a hole of
diameter of 4.2cm was drilled on the center of gravity of the lid
of pot, a cylindrical cone of internal diameter equal to 4.2cm
and length 3cm was we welded to the lid and a steel pipe of
internal diameter 4.2cm 4as welded to the cone and a M32 nut
was welded on the pipe and another nut was scree to the M32
bolt then it was screw to the fixed welded nut.
A cast aluminum pulley was fastened at the other end of the
shaft using an M12 bolt through the drilled hole on the pulley.

7
WEEK 3 PRODUCTION OF MELON SEED GRINDING MACHINE(Fig:13) I learn how to
EGUSI grinding machine is a machine use to grind pee EGUSI weld with
melon seeds so as to increase the surface area so as to ease steel
digestion electrode
We fabricated an EGUSI seed grinding machine the material I learn how to
using stainless steel since it is highly resistance to corrosion and cut plates
hence does not contaminate food. accurately to
The machine has three parts form parts
The entry chamber:
This chamber contains the hopper
The grinding chamber
This section is made up of the conveyor shaft, the grinding disc,
the conveyor casing
The outlet casing
It is made of the pot which directs the grind melon seeds to the
collector
The electrode use during the welding process is a steel
electrode INOX.
We begin first by manufacturing the hopper were the first half
of the four identical part which makes the hopper was
accurately mark out using a scriber and a metal ruler.
The shaft was machine on a lathe machine and different cycles
of turning, facing was done on the shaft it required diameter
and length.
The pipe in which the shaft will be turning in was cut on a steel
plate and the length of the width of the pipe was equal to the
circumference of the pipe to be form.
The pot of the machine was welded and a hole was drilled at it
center were the shaft will pass through and its disks were
attach to the out and on the shaft so that when in contact they
can grind the food items.
The sitting of the machine was welded using angle bars and the
sitting of the motor was also taken into consideration.

WEEK 4 FABRICATION OF MAIZE PILLING MACHINE(Fig:14) I learn how to

We fabricated a maize pilling machine as shown in fig:8 fabricate the
The machine uses a set of rolling disc which are abrasive and shaft for the
the friction between the disc and the maize cause the shell of maize pilling
machine
the maize to peel of through friction
The discs are mounted on the roller shaft which are driven
under the rotatory force of the motor, the motion is transferred
from the motor to the machine using a V-belt connected to two
pulleys the driver pulley and the driven pulley
The most important mechanism of this machine is it shaft
mechanism the shaft was machine as follows.
8
 A metal bar was machine on the lathe machine filling disc for
angle grinders were mounted on the shaft and they were
separated with equal spacing using a flange
FABRICATION OF CASSAVA GRINDING MACHINE(Fig:17) I learn how to
burst the
Cassava is tuber crop which is a great source of carbohydrate
grater for
We fabricated a cassava grinding using steel plate because steel
cassava
plate is resistant to corrosion grinding
It composes of three parts machine
The hopper I also learn
The grinding chamber how to weld
The outlet the maize
A roller is use to grind the cassava; the roller is covered with a
steel plate which has been punch with nails so that it forms a
rough abrasive which when in contact with the cassava it will
chop t out gradually
The final product of this machine is applicable in the production
of GARRI

WEEK 5 FABRICATION OF A CENTER FOR LATHE MACHINE(Fig:20) I learn how to

We fabricated a live center on for a lathe machine. precisely
Due to some of the limitation of a tail stock for example it mount the
cannot be use to centralize pipes and long pipes could not be four
independent
face or turned when held by the jaws of the lathe because
jaws of the
during facing the pipe will bend in case of thin thickness pipes
cylinder
so to solve this problem we manufacture a 4 independent haw
center.
A pipe of internal diameter 30cm and thickness of 2cm was cut
to a length of 10cm, 4 holes of diameter 4.2cm was drilled of
equal spacing and center at 7.5cm from the edge.
Turning operation was carried out on a shaft and the diameter
was reduced to 4.2cm and it was face to have a length 105cm.
A key was then cut on the shaft using a flat cutter of the milling
machine and the external diameter of the flat mill use was
1.7cm. the shaft was then cut into 4 identical halve each of
length 25cm.
A thick plate was cut to form a rectangular bar and of
dimensions 10x5x5, four identical rectangular bars were cut
using an angle grinder.
Holes of diameter 44.2cm was drilled at the center of the
rectangular bars and hole of 1.5cm was drilled on all the four at
the center such that the center line of the 2 holes are
perpendicular to each other and the 1.5cm hole was later
threaded using a tap.

9
 At one end of all the 25cm long turned shaft a hole of diameter
1cm was drilled 5mm from the edge and cavity was cut at the
other center line of the surface perpendicular to the center line
of the drilled hole and the depth of the groove is equivalent to
the radius of the roller bearing, a pin of diameter 10mm was
manufacture on the lathe machine.
Four roller bearing of internal diameter 10mm was place at
each end of the cut cavity and was held in place by the pin.
The main aim of the roller bearing is to reduce the friction
between the work piece and the center so that the work piece
can rotate freely.
The bottom part which move on the guide was cut to exact
dimensions to that of the tail stoke base.
FABRICATION OF BEARING CASING AND AN ECCENTRIC SHAFT. I learn how to
We fabricated bearing casing for a stone jaw stone crusher by operate lathe
machine
drilling a hole on a shaft and later carry out boring operation on
the drill hole to a diameter equal to the external diameter of
the work piece.
Turning operation is then carry out on the external diameter so
that it can force fit in the eccentric shaft cylinder casing, two
identical bearing casing were made.
The cylindrical casing for the eccentric shaft was bore to an
internal diameter equal to the major diameter of the shaft.
The eccentric shaft is then machine on a four jaw chunk, facing
operation is first done on one of it faces, the shaft was lather
turned to its major diameter to a length equivalent to the
length of the cylindrical casing minus two times the thickness of
the two bearings which are meant to support the shaft.
The new center is then mark by offsetting the original center by
some distance and this new center is place on the tail stock
while the four independent jaws are regulated so that the shaft
rotates uniformly.
A ceiled is then machine on the lathe and it is use to cover the
cylindrical eccentric shaft casing so as to prevent oiled spillage.

WEEK 6 FABRICATION OF BREAD ROLLING MACHINE(Fig:34) I learn how to

A pipe of thickness 1.5cm and of external diameter 12cm was fabricate a
cut to a length of 80cm using an angle grinder. roller
The pipe was mounted on the chuck of the lathe machine, since I learn how to
align a gear
the length of the pipe is long and the strength of the pipe is
chain to a
week as compare to shaft and a tube can’t be held in position
sprocket
by a tailstock, a four jaw centered was use to hold the work
piece(pipe) to prevent it from bending and to make it rotate
straight.

10
 The four jaw center was mounted at the left side of the lathe
machine in front of the chuck and on the guiders closer towards
the free end of the pipe.
A carbide facing tool was filled in a bench grinder and later
mounted on the tool post, facing operation was done on both
end of the work piece.
Sprockets are mounted on the rollers a sprocket chain was
place at both end of the rollers. The roller is held by a bearing
attach to the frame of the machine
Square plate was cut and mounted as the tray of the machine

WEEK 7 FABRICATION OF A MAIZE POWDERED GRINDING I learn how to

MACHINE(Fig:20) burst the
A maize floor machine was produce as follows shifter for the
The grinding system compose a biting shaft call the biter and a maize powder
machine
sifter with thing holes and a rough surface were the biter hits
I also learn
the maize on the sifter until it the surface area of the maize can
how to design
pass through the sifter. the biter
The biter was fabricated using a u-bar a thick rectangular plate
was welded at each end in a clockwise manner, a pipe of
thickness 2mm was welded at the center back part of the u-bar
and the internal diameter of the pipe is equal to the diameter
of the shaft of the pulley, a through hole was drilled on the pipe
so that the bitter and the motor shaft can be held in place using
a pin screw.
The sifter for the machine was bust using sharp pins and care
was taking to have high accurate similar holes,
The grinding chamber was welded using an electrode and a
hole was drill at it center which is equal to the diameter of the
shaft.
The sitting of the sifter was carefully made so that the sifter can
fit in it accurately.
The hopper was made and it was welded on the door of the
grinding chamber and a small passage which links the grinding
chamber and the hopper so that maize can get to grinding
chamber was cut on the door of the grinding chamber and the
passage was control by a sliding door.
The siting of the machine was welded using angle bars and the
siting of the motor was correctly taking into consideration the
holes were bolt anchor the motor on the siting.
The grinding chamber with the hopper was then welded on the
sitting, the motor was mounted on its position the biter was
couple to it.
The sifter was then place in it sitting on the biting chamber.

11
 The machine was then put on then put on and maize was pour
into the hopper the out was good fine powered floor.

WEEK 8 FABRICATION OF PALM KENNEL OIL MILLING MACHINE I learn how to

MANUAL PALM OIL MILLING MACHINE(Fig:23) fabricate a
We fabricated an oil milling as follows. screw
Square rode 10mm was cut to a length of 40cm several exact conveyor with
accurate pitch
length was cut.
Iron plates were cut into rectangular shapes and were rolled on
a rolling machine to form rings of outer diameter equal to
223cm, 3 identical rings were made.
The rode was welded close to each other inside the ring to form
a basket and the height of the basket is 40cm and the ring were
equally space out.
The hopper was produce as follows
A pendulum was drawn on a metal plate, firstly the length of
the pendulum was measure from 3 corners of the plate and the
center point of origin of the pendulum was mark and a pointer
was welded at the point of origin O.
A length of 80cm was measure as the length of the pendulum
and the pendulum was drawn using a scriber attach to a sting
and the string was fastened to the point of origin and the
length of the string is equal to the pendulum length.
And angle teta was measured from the x-axis of the third
quadrant and the portion was cut out and folded then welded
through riveted weld to form the hopper the hopper was then
welded to the basket.
The pot (the catchment for the oil was welded and an opening
was created to allow the oil to flow out easily.
The shaft of the machine was made using a thick steel pipe and
coils were welded on it to a length of 50cm and at a pitch of
5cm using rod 10, external diameter of the coiled shaft is
slightly smaller than the internal diameter of basket welded
with rods.
The cone was for from a circular plate with a hold at it center
and a triangular portion was cut out and the plate was rolled to
form a cone, the base of the cone was covered by welding a
circular plate at it bottom base a hole equal to the diameter of
the small hole at the top of the cone was burst and pipe was fit
inside the cone at it center to reinforce the cone.
The smaller pipe of external diameter equal to the internal
diameter of the cone was cut a length of 25cm, a bolt of major
diameter less than or equal to the internal diameter of the
bearing was welded to the pipe a key way was cut on the bolt.

12
The pipe was later welded to the main shaft and spring siting
was form and a key was welded on the internal part of the
spring siting so that it can anchor to the bolt and rotate
uniformly with the bolt and a spring of required diameter and
height was place in between the cone and the spring siting.
The machine is then welded to it stand and a stirring pipe was
the free end of the shaft and a through hole is being bust and
the two pipes are held in place using a pin as shown in the
diagram.
AUTOMATIC PALM OIL MILLING MACHINE(Fig:25) I learn how to
Due to the increase demand of oil as a result of increase in the connect a
population there was a need of an automatic machine which gear reducer
will milled large tons of oil within a short period of time to a screw
because during the manual method laborers easily gets tired converyor
and therefore increasing the production time. and a motor
The automatic machine has the same principle of operation as
the manual machine just it the rotatory motion of the shaft is
from a gear reducer connected to a motor. it is produce as
follows
Square rode 10mm was cut to a length of 40cm several exact
length was cut.
Iron plates were cut into rectangular shapes and were rolled on
a rolling machine to form rings of outer diameter equal to
223cm, 3 identical rings were made.
The rode was welded close to each other inside the ring to form
a basket and the height of the basket is 40cm and the ring were
equally space out.
An octagonal casing is form from a metal plate and its folded to
have an octagonal tube, it has the same length as the basket
that is 40cm a flat octagonal plate is welded at both end and a
hole equivalent to the diameter of the basket is bust at the
both end and the basket is welded inside the casing.
The hopper is welded from galvanize plates and it is later
mounted on the casing.
A bearing adaptor is welded and attach to the casing were the
roller bearing is place.
A connector is the use to connect the shaft of the gear reducer
and the grinding shaft.
The siting is then weld the position of the motor is also taken
into consideration and the motor is later connected to the gear
reducer using fan belt

13
CHAPTER THREE
PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS
All jaw crushers are distinguished by the presence of two plates, one of which is fixed and one that
swings open and then closes, concurrently trapping and crushing material between the two surfaces.
There are three types of jaw crushers:
 Blake Jaw Crusher
 Dodge Jaw Crusher
 Universal Jaw Crusher
a) Blake Type Jaw Crusher
In a Blake jaw crusher, the swinging jaw is hinged at the top of the frame. They are used as
primary crushers in the mineral industry; attains maximum amplitude at the bottom of the
crushing jaws due to the position of the hinged.
The size of the feed opening is referred to as the gape and the discharge end of the jaws is
referred to as the set. These crushers are operated and controlled by a pitman and a toggle.
The function of the toggle(s) is to move the pivoted jaw. The retrieving action of the jaw from its
furthest end of travel is by springs for small crushers or by a pitman for larger crushers. Blake
type jaw crusher may be divided into two types:
(i) Single toggle type A single toggle bar is used in this type of crushers. It is comparatively
lighter and cheap. It is normally preferred to crush larger material. The single toggle is
taking over most new applications due to lower cost and higher capacity.

Figure 3:Single toggle jaw crusher

(ii) Double toggle type One extra toggle bar is attached here. Commonly used in mines as
their ability to crush materials is excellent, including tough and abrasive minerals.

14
Figure 4:double toggle jaw crusher

b) Dodge Type Jaw Crusher

The movable jaw is pivoted at the bottom and connected to an eccentric shaft. Maximum
amplitude of motion is obtained at the top of the crushing plates. Dodge type crushers are not
used for heavy duty operations and are commonly found in laboratories.

Figure 5:Dodge type crusher

Crushers are also classified according to the stage of crushing which they accomplish as:
 Primary
 Secondary  Tertiary

a) Primary crusher
Receives the stones directly from a quarry after blasting and produces the first reduction size.
The input of such crushers is relatively wide and the output products are coarse in size.
Example - Jaw crusher and Gyratory crusher.

15
 b) Secondary crusher
The crushed rocks from primary crusher are sent to secondary crushers for further size
reduction.
Example - Cone crusher, reduction gyratory crusher, spring rolls, disc crushers etc.

c) Tertiary/Fine crushers
Tertiary/Fine crushers have relatively small openings, and are used to crush the feed material
into more uniform and finer product.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A JAW CRUSHER

The mechanism of jaw crusher is to crush using impact on the upper parts of the jaw, with a
little shear towards the bottom. Jaw crushers consist of two jaws. One fixed and the other
reciprocating. The opening between Themis largest at the top (gape) and decreases towards the
bottom (set). The jaw moves on an eccentric shaft and the lower part is hinged on the toggles.
The rock is thrown between two jaws and crushed by mechanical pressure.

A belt pulley; which is driven by a motor drives the eccentric shaft to rotate. This makes the
attached jaw to approach and leave the other jaw repeatedly, to crush, rub and grind the feed.
Hence the material moves gradually towards the bottom and finally discharges from the
discharge end. The fixed jaw mounted in a “V” alignment is the stationary breaking surface.

The swinging jaw exerts impact force on the material by forcing it against the stationary plate.
The space at the bottom of the “V” aligned jaw plates is the crusher product size gaper size of
the crushed product from the jaw crusher. The rocks are crushed until they are small enough to
pass through the gap at the bottom of the jaws.

The ores are fed to the machine from the top where the jaws are at the maximum distance
apart. As the jaws come closer the ores are crushed into smaller sizes and slip down the cavity
in the return stroke. In following cycle, further reduction of size is experienced and the ore
moves down further. The process is continued till particles size is reduced to less than the
bottom opening.

The toggle is used to guide the moving jaw. The retrieving motion of the jaw from its furthest
end of travel is by springs for small crushers or by a pitman for larger crushers. For a smooth
movement of the moving jaws, heavy flywheels are used.

16
 Figure 8: 3D DESIGN OF STONE JAW CUSHER

Figure 7: 3D DESIGN OF STONE JAW CRUSHER Figure 6: STONE CRUSHER

JAW CRUSHER COMPONENTS

Crusher Frame
Crusher Frame is made of high welding. As a welding structure, it has been designed with
every care so as to ensure that it is capable of resistant to bending stress even when crushing
materials of extremely hard.
Jaw Stock
Jaw Stock is also completely welded and has renewable bushes, Particular importance has been
given to jaw Stock of a design resistant to bending stresses. All jaw stocks are provided with a
renewable steel Alloy or manganese steel toggle grooves.

17
Pitman
Pitman" means "connecting rod", but in a jaw crusher it doesn't connect two things. The
Pitman refers to the moving jaw in a jaw crusher. It achieves the reciprocating movement
through the eccentric motion of the flywheel shaft. This creates enormous force in each
stroke.
Pitman is fabricated from high quality steel plates and stresses are removed after welding. The
Pitman is fitted with two replaceable high strength steel Alloy or manganese steel toggle bar.
Grooves housings for the bearings are accurately bored and faced to gauge.

Figure 9: THE CRUSHING CHAMBER

Manganese Liners
The jaw crusher pitman is covered on the inward facing side with dies made of manganese, an
extremely hard metal. These dies often have scalloped faces. The dies are usually symmetrical
top to bottom and can be flipped over that way. This is handy as most wear occurs at the
bottom (closed side) of the jaw and flipping them over provides another equal period of use
before they must be replaced.

18
Jaw Crusher Fixed Jaw Face
The fixed jaw face is opposite the pitman face and is statically mounted. It is also covered with
a manganese jaw die. Manganese liners which protect the frame from wear; these include the
main jaw plates covering the frame opposite the moving jaw, the moving jaw, and the cheek
plates which line the sides of the main frame within the crushing chamber.

Eccentric Shaft
The pitman is put in motion by the oscillation of an eccentric lobe on a shaft that goes through
the pitman's entire length. This movement might total only 1 1/2" but produces substantial
force to crush material. This force is also put on the shaft itself so they are constructed with
large dimensions and of hardened steel. The main shaft that rotates and has a large flywheel
mounted on each end. Its eccentric shape moves the moving jaw in and out. Eccentric Shaft is
machined out of Alloy Steel Fitted with anti-friction bearings and is housed in pitman and dust
proof housing. Rotational energy is fed into the jaw crusher eccentric shaft by means of a
sheave pulley which usually has multiple V-belt grooves. In addition to turning the pitman
eccentric shaft it usually has substantial mass to help maintain rotational inertia as the jaw
crushes material.

Toggle Plate Protecting the Jaw Crusher

The bottom of the pitman is supported by a reflex-curved piece of metal called the toggle plate.
It serves the purpose of allowing the bottom of the pitman to move up and down with the
motion of the eccentric shaft as well as serve as a safety mechanism for the entire jaw. Should
a piece of non-crushable material such as a steel loader tooth (sometimes called "tramp iron")
enter the jaw and be larger than the closed side setting it can't be crushed nor pass through the
jaw. In this case, the toggle plate will crush and prevent further damage.

Tension Rod Retaining Toggle Plate

Without the tension rod & spring the bottom of the pitman would just flop around as it isn't
connected to the toggle plate, rather just resting against it in the toggle seat. The tension rod
system tensions the pitman to the toggle plate. The toggle plate provides a safety mechanism in
case material goes into the crushing chamber that cannot be crushed. It is designed to fail

19
 before the jaw frame or shaft is damaged. The seats are the fixed points where the toggle plate
contacts the moving jaw and the main frame.

Jaw Crusher Eccentric Shaft Bearings

There are typically four bearings on the eccentric shaft: two on each side of the jaw frame
supporting the shaft and two at each end of the pitman. These bearings are typically roller in
style and usually have labyrinth seals and some are lubricated with an oil bath system.
Bearings that support the main shaft are normally spherical tapered roller bearings on an
overhead eccentric jaw crusher.
Anti-Friction Bearings are heavy duty double row self-aligned roller-bearings mounted in
the frame and pitman is properly protected against the ingress of dust and any foreign matter
by carefully machined labyrinth seals.

20
 I design some of the machines using solid works

WEEK TWO DESIGN

Figure 10: A SET OF SPICIES GRINDING MACHINE Figure 11: 3D DESIGN OF SPICES GRINDING
MACHINE
WEEK THREE DESIGN

Figure 12: EGUSI GRINDING MACHINE Figure 13: 3D DESIGN OF EGUSI GRINDING MACHINE

21
WEEK FOUR DESIGN
F

Figure 15: MAIZE PEELING MACHINE Figure 14: 3D DESIGN OF MAIZE PEELING MACHINE

Figure 16: CASSAVA GRINDING MACHINE Figure 17: 3D DESIGN OF CASSAVA GRINDING
MACHINE

22
WEEK FIVE DESIGN

Figure 19: 4 INDEPENDENT JAW CRUSHER Figure 18: 3D DESIGN OF FOUR INDEPENDENT JAW
CENTER FOR LATHE

WEEK SEVEN DESIGN

Figure 20: 3D DESIGN OF MAIZE FLOUR GRINDING

MACHINE
Figure 21: MAIZE FLOUR GRINDING MACHINE

23
WEEK EIGHT DESIGN

Figure 23: 3D DESIGN OF PLAM OIL MILLING MACHINE

Figure 22: PALM OIL MILLING MACHINE

AUTOMATIC PALM OIL MACHINE

Figure 25: 3D DESIGN OF PALM OIL MILLING

MACHINE
Figure 24: AUTOMATIC PALM OIL MILLING MACHINE
24
Arc welding Process
It is a fusion welding process in which the melting and joining of metals is done by the heat
energy generated by the arc between the work and electrode. An electric arc is generated
when the electrode contacts the work and then quickly separated to maintain the gap. A
temperature of 5500°C is generated by this arc. This temperature is sufficient to melt most of
the metals. The molten metal, consisting of base metal and filler, solidifies in the weld region. In
order to have seam weld, the power source moves along the weld line.

Figure 26: ARC WELDING PROCESS

25
Types of Weld joint

Figure 27: BUTTED, CORNER,LAP,TEE AND JOINTS

Types of Welded Joints and Types of Welds

Strength Analysis
• Loads acting on a weldment may be uniformly or eccentrically applied to the weld.
complex loads on a weldment are first decomposed into typical loads, that is, tension or
compression forces, torques or moments

26
Figure 28: STRESS ACTING ON A WELDED JOINT

For a single V-groove butt weld loaded by either tensile or compressive force F,
the weld strength is analyzed against the average normal stress as

Equation 1: STRESS ACTING ON BUTTED JOINT

the shear strength due to shear load Fs against the average shear stress is

Equation 2: SHEAR STRESS ACTING ON BUTTED JOIN

And the strength due to moment loading My or Mz is calculated by

Equation 3: STRESS DUE TO MOMENT FORCE ON THE LAPJOINT

27
Fillet Welds
When a fillet weld joint carries a transverse load, the weld seam along the
horizontal plane is subjected to shear stress, while along the vertical plane
this is a tensile (or compressive) stress,

Figure 29: FILLET JOIN

Equation 4: STRESS ACTING ON FILLET WELD

28
DISCUSSION
The objective of this project was to design a small scale stone crusher which is affordable and
economical. The analysis of the design was done by simplifying the machine as a planar crank
and rocker mechanism, with the eccentric shaft being modeled as a short crank, the swing jaw
of the crusher being modeled as the coupler link and the toggle link being modeled as the
rocker. The kinematic analysis, which was essential in force analysis s, was based on this
usage of the machine will increase the production of high quality and regularly sized stone aggregates
hence leverage in the overstretched already existing production processes. The machine can also be
used in areas where the hammer and anvil could not be used and hence increase the production
capacity of the aggregates in the country. This will in turn increase the supply and lower the general cost
of construction in the country, making the trade more profitable in the process as the current hammer
and anvil method is very tedious, produces aggregates of lower quality and hence fetches a lower value
despite its difficulty. The usage of the machine will provide employment opportunities to citizens both
locally and around the world, realizing a better return in investment in terms of time and money.
improving the living standards of citizens. Creation of demand for the machine will invite ambitious
investors to put their investments in mass industrial production of the machine providing further
employment opportunities and a footstep towards the realization of Kenya becoming an industrialized
nation.

The design of machine on a cad software will increase the accuracy of a design because it help to reduce
error during designing because you start the production you all ready have a picture of what you want
produce and the mechanism of the principle of operation of the design

Because it is not easy to correct an error during fabrication but it is easy to correct and error when still
designing

It is also good to know the type joint which is best to hold two or more parts together so as to prevent
sudden failure of welded joints

So doing a stress analysis on a cad software will help you to know the material with the given
characteristic to withstand the effects on it point of application

For example water ,heat

29
CONCLUSION
Summarily the internship carried out at WANGO ENGINEERING fully gave me a chance to
relate theories with practical and increase my working experience.
It gave me a chance to showcase my designing skills
It helps me achieve most of my objectives and goals
It helps me acquired many skills and different technique in solving mechanical problems
especially in the situation you find yourself.
The internship was quite educative and wonderful as it exposed me to the industry and many
people in my field of study most especially my field supervisor Eng. WAN NATHANIEL
It helps me learn team work as I worked together with my field supervisor and the other
technician.
The internship also gave me a chance to improve my interaction and communication skills
especially in French and it really help me to be fluent in French.
During my stay in WANGO ENGINEERING I got the chance to operate on lathe machines and
it also gave me the chance to learn the different operations done on the different machines.
The internship gave me a chance learn welding and threading operations.
After all I suggest that WANGO ENGINEERING needs to upgrade and change frequently mal-
function machine components and parts.
I also suggest that WANGO ENGINEERING needs to improve it material satisfactions to its
clients by using good materials which is best suitable in strength and hardness for the specific
application in service so that the repaired part can last long in servicing.
With all the experience gain at my stay in WANGO ENGINEERING I can now see my dream
of being a key mechanical engineer coming in practice.
Finally, I thank God for giving me the strength and patience trough out this educative
program.

30
REFERENCES
1. Research paper on Analysis of single toggle jaw crusher kinematic analysis by Prof. Oduori
F.M, Prof. Mutuli S.M and Eng. Munyasi D.M, 2013
https://mail.uonbi.ac.ke/src/download.php?startMessage=1&passed_i...
2. Ashok Gupta and Denis Stephen Yan, 2006Mineral Processing Design and Operations; An
Introduction. Chapter 4; Jaw crushers
3. R.S Khurmi and J.K Gupta: A Textbook of Machine Design, 1st Multi-color edition, S. Chand
and Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2005.

31
 APPENDICES
STONE CRUSHER VIEWS

Figure 31STONE CRUSHER SIDE VIEW

Figure 30: STONE CRUSHER TOP VIEW

Figure 32: MEASURING THE DIAMER OF A ROLLER

Figure 33: MEASURINGT THE THICKNESS OF A CEILED
ROLLER CEILED USING VENIER CALIPER 32
 FABRICATION OF BREAD ROLLING MACHINE

Figure 34: BREAD ROLLING MACHINE

Figure 35: MEASURING THE THICKNESS OF A Figure 36: MEASURING THE DIAMETER USING VERNIER
ROLLER CEILED CALIPER

33