Competence vs. Competency: Unorganised vs.

Disorganised:
Competence refers to the basic
skills to perform actions.
Competency is the more
advanced ability of someone to
perform actions.
Unorganised reflects complete
disarray or mess. Disorganised
reflects that something has
been once organised but has
lost its pattern of organisation.

Management Styles

1-d 2-a 3-f 4-b 5-c 6-e

• Autocracy: a management system with one person of

absolute power.
• Centralisation: involves the concentration of control
within an organization under a single authority.
• Directive management: a management that takes
responsibility for decision-making rather than
 collaborating with staff or incorporating employee
feedback.
• Empowerment: involves delegation of authority, sharing
of information and resources, and allowing employees to
participate in decision-making processes.
• Hands-on management: a style of management where the
manager is particularly active in day-to-day business and
leadership.
• Task-orientated management: a style of management in
which the leader focuses on the tasks that need to be
performed to meet goals or achieve particular
performance standards.
• Collaboration: the coordination of efforts between
managers, supervisors and employees to attain common
objectives.
• Control: the monopolisation of authority and information,
prohibiting staff from taking part in the decision-making
process.
• Delegation: the transfer of responsibility for specific tasks
from managers to staff.
• Democracy: a style of management that encourages
feedback and input from subordinates, encouraging
discussion and participation in making decisions.
• People-orientated: a style of management that focuses on
interpersonal relationships within organizations, improving
them to increase productivity.
• Laissez-faire management: refers to leaders who trust and
rely on their employees. They don't micromanage or get
too involved, they don't give too much instruction or
guidance.