L2

Systems of Linear Equations

 System of linear equations

• Definition:
• System is a collection of linear equations in
two or more variables.
• There are three methods to solve a system of
linear equations: -
• 1) By elimination.
• 2) By substitution.
• 3) By matrices.
• * We will study now the first two methods
only and the third one will be discussed later.
– 1st method: By elimination:
• We should eliminate one variable to get the
second one then substitute in any equation to
get the value of the eliminated variable.
• Example: (1) Find x and y
x + y = 9 (1)
x – y = 3 (2)
Solution:
x + y = 9 (1)
+
x – y = 3 (2)
• we need to eliminate (y)
After adding the two equations: -
12
2 x = 12 Then x = = 6
2
Then will substitute in any equation to get (y), we will
substitute in equation (1).
6+y=9 ∴ y = 9 – 6 = 3
Then x = 6 and y = 3
To check your answer, you can substitute in any equation by x
=6&y=3
In the first one:
Left hand side = 6 + 3 = 9 =Right hand side.
Left hand side = 6 – 3 = 3 = Right hand side
2) Find x& y
5 x – y = 13 (1)
2 x + 3 y = 12 (2)
Solution
We will eliminate (y) because it has different signs.
To do that we should multiply the first equation by 3 and the second
one by 1
+
15 x – 3 y = 39 12 x + 3 y = 12
17 x = 51 x = 3
Then we will substitute in any equation (the originals) to get (y) By
sub. In eq. 1
5(3) – y = 13
5 (3) – 13 = y y=2
Then x = 3 & y = 2
• (3) Find x & y
2 x+ 4 y = 16 (1)
3x–5y=-9 (2)
Solution
here we will try to eliminate (x) so, we will multiply
equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by (-2)
6 x + 12 y = 48
-6 x + 10 y = 18
22 y = 66 y=3
• Then substitute in equation (1)
2 x + 4 (3) = 16
2 x = 16 – 12 x=2
Then x = 2 & y = 3
• (4) Find x & y
2x+3y=5 (1)
4 x + 6 y = 15 (2)
To eliminate y , we will multiply equation (1) by
(6) and equation (2) by (3)
+ 18 y = 30
- 12 x - 18 y = - 30
The system has no solution, so it is in consistent.
• By substitution method : 2nd method
It means that we will get x interms of y or y interms
of x
Examples
(1) Find x & y
x+y=9 (1)
x–y=3 (2)
Solution :
From equation (1) we can get
X=9–y
• Then we will substitute in equation (2) by x = 9
–y
(9 – y) – y = 3
9–2y=3 y=3
Then to get the value of x we will substitute in
the equation X = 9 - y
X=9–3=6
Then X = 6 and y = 3
• (2) Find x & y
5 x – y = 13 (1)
2 x + 3 y = 12 (2)
Solution:
From equation (1)
Y = 5 x – 13
Then substitute in equation (2)
2 x + 3 (5 x – 13) = 12
2 x + 15 x – 39 = 12
17 x = 51 x=3
• By substitute in y = 5 x – 13
Y = 5 (3) – 13 = 15 – 13 = 2
Then x = 3 and Y = 2
• (3) Find x & y
2 x + 4 y = 16 (1)
3x–5y=-9 (2)
From equation (1)
2 x = 16 – 4 Y
X=8–2Y
By substitute in equation (2)
3 ( 8 – 2 Y) – 5 Y = - 9
24 – 6 y – 5 y = - 9
24 – 11 y = - 9
-11 y = - 33
• Y=3
By substitute in X = 8 – 2 y
X = 8 – 2 (3) = 2
Then x = 2 & y = 3
• (4) Find x & y
2x + 3 y = 5 (1)
4 x + 6 y = 10 (2)
From equation (1)
2x=5–3y
5 3
X= - y
2 2
Then substitute in (2)
5 3
4( - 𝑦) + 6 y = 10
2 2
20 12
− 𝑦 + 6𝑦 = 10
2 2
10 – 6 y + 6 y = 10

The system has no solution , so it is in consistent.

• Application a system of linear equations
• Movie theater sells tickets for 8 $ with student
discount 2$ in the evening the theater sold 525
tickets and the revenue is 3580$. How many
tickets of each type sold?
• Solution
Let x represent the number of normal tickets and
let y represent the number student tickets.
So, the price of (x) is 8 $ and the price of (y) is 8 – 2
=6$
• We can conclude from the previous information that the
total of sold tickets is 525 which mean x + y = 525 (1)
Then we can conclude also that the revenue is 3580$
Which mean if we multiply each type of tickets with its price
the add them together we will get the revenue.
So 8 x + 6 y = 3580 (2)
Now we can solve it as a system
X + y= 525 (1)
8x + 6 y = 3580 (2)
By elimination or substitution we can get
x = 215 y = 310
• Assignment (2)
• 2
• 1
• Find x & y By elimination method and substitution method X + 4
y = 3 (1) 4x+2y=9
• 3x – 2 y = - 5 (2) 5y - 4 x =
5
• 3
• 4
•
2X + 3 y = 1 (1) 2x- y=1
• x + 2 y = 0 (2) -x+
2y=7
• `
 Assignment (2)

• Find x & y By elimination method and

substitution method
(1) X + 4 y = 3 (1)
3x – 2 y = - 5 (2)
(2) 4 x + 2 y = 9 (1)
5y - 4 x = 5 (2)
(3) 2X + 3 y = 1 (1)
x + 2 y = 0 (2)
(4) 2 x - y = 1 (1)
- x + 2 y = 7 (2)
(5) X -2 y = - 7 (1)
5x + 3y = - 9 (2)
(6) 4 x + 12 y = 12 (1)
2 x + 4 y = 12 (2)
(7) A factory produce two kinds of goods it sells the
first kind (×) with 10 $ and the second kind (y) with
8$.
At the end of the month it sold from (y) 20
pieces more than (×) and the revenue is 1960$ .
Find the number of pieces sold from each kind.