2— Tensike ‘test: 13 determine the penaile Strengih of Specimen + ond @ulpments | Universal teat iny amaching (#4 4-0) | Speefmen a Show? to the Cg 7b) of Arhfernt fewrour and mon ferrotws anatesiald Theor applied one » of all mecha The tensile teat Ya amoat piece ore fixed into tests» Tr “his Leak ends of @ Lest Pps connected +o & Stroning device and to load mea durin deviens D4 AWE applted load 2, Small enough, tha ¢ cforme fon of omy Solid body ey entirels elastic: An elastically ole. towamed botiad sill ackan to fo 2 original position a San ab a foad % removed: However oi The load gogo Barge , Ahe meta ntal com be dafermed Lthe iniHial port of the dension curve (tig 8) + which vy aecevevable Tanmmichiote ly aftey unteadiing , 1% termed o ak of the curve pwohich, jho mannet im which Solt undergoes plastic aymed plastic The Shes below aattel tha clefey motion % essentially clastle 8 Keen a the weld Sreength of aarersial Im AOme materials £Ome aid Steel) the omack af plastic dofermobor is denoted by @ Suclden doop my load Incfeali’ng both on Upper and leer yield point - How | ever, Some _motertals do mok exhibit a Sharp yield point . Puen ploastc dolorwmation , at ey ex tensrony Strain. | mrical pn monet ly ys elastic and TW cog presents dloformotion 6 + entiyol pa |Oote lees 4 Ronge taing volve valve % a “p> Meanuring unitf-—__, — eae 7 | handset Conrot Com permots far the deerease in ata [amd Abus jhe lsad parsod trotigh a maximum and then boats 4o decrease + Aa this Sta 2 he! Ultimate Steengih’, Swhich 14 defined aS the -vatto oh tke Specimen to ovigrnal 07055 - Secbonal area, reaches a amentionn ern, VOLME * Fafa loading worl eventually cauxe mech’ formation and wuplu (te. vasuol a tension test fy conducted al ae or dure amd ane tensile load 1% applied Slowly * ening t log Lsed - dm {lak dpectmers (49-4) may hove Smooth , ghouldered 01 tme vn. & appltcd am ech Ca the ‘ype of testing AoA eth your The aeund Specimen Ma aded mmds. The load on jhe spect me’ ea ov hydraulically depending en emachine - Z Observation. qeuge length > 56° 4. Final yom. = 9 5 oe Comal diameter of qengé tngth —” ‘ om Ti. Penal cr0sg-deebornal o7ca > nxle-9) /4 = 3-407. vw. Bepyying load —*+ 3% KN We Factor ol Sotaty of rmifd Stecl > 14S. ri tal lena = S6-7- S05 ET mm, Yi aL = Fimal length = ini VP 40 = GaiHfal D— Final D = 10-69 = 3:| tam Vilao = GxtHfal avea — fenal oven. = AB ST ~ 57.407 = 41 16mm:SHEATi Compute ne following 2 Area of a Speci | Sh | No. pect | Shress Nim Modelers : pein eae a, Letty (C) ie A§3-89 3644692 | St [Contraction tn alial Defowna tion] Lal eval | Lineow — : no, meter (44) (rm) | Pn Length Powson > et | srain | shratn | satie. | O99 | 0. 404 O43 | | | | Trtvial gauge length = $0 mm | *0 ° a nn | if, Tattal dfameter of ange length = 10 mam © AKI yg.53 mm Pe, PnkHal c7065- Sectional avec Result 2 — | 2 caleestate Stress amd Strain joy every interval of applied load.| Draw Ghess- Strain Curve. a Modulus of elastic ty + Hook's tae Stated Anat sreoss ¥s cluscuys proporbonal to otrain usta elastic: Uemdih The ratio i as oma Shen 4 constant, called moduler ok dastc of Stag. | oe youen ys Ted’ sheers) strain = 223-99/69/31-40 = YeIb- $9 Nim | | | | €= BS Yola sheasl Sy) 2— The point, af which Strata In cieanes are : Wetheur fmexcase in Shewd a Knowh as yield porn Sreens rmeasunod ab yield pore is called yiod Stress. | ee es a ee ee ee : | |: - 7 rrength 2 ~ ‘7 : pate Moxtimum Coney tng capacthy oe material Ic} Tenatle Pn tongion % called bervile Strength. Is ay Strength = Manommum tensile food oiigened CroAd is ii ee onsen. BEER = 483-89 Mowe | | me The eurension produced rma fq?nad value quae tenth exported agon = [tor to) /t] x 400 a) Percentage 2longalier ah a percentage of Ths 6779 (Lo) | le Elonge’ | [[se-1 - §9)/s0] x400 = 194 where » Lb - Frmal gong? length = $64. ' — [lA Ae) /A0 x 100 AeS3— B40 x 400 Fe S3 - 62:34 To: tonal mea: © Percentage eduction where, pl = Final aeduuced CrosA-AEC = Site ©. f) Reacentoge exvor in Dramelers— (Beeb De Viimate tensile leod [tect oksaiety | 3600/1135 = 3304-34 Nirmes™ h) Porson aatfo 2 (beter Shan | neon ao p94 foray = BBR: