Chapter two Motion

Why does the phenomenon of night and day occur?

It’s occurred because the motion of the earth around its axis.
What is motion?
Motion: an object is in motion if its place changes with respect to fixed point which we call the
reference point.
What is the reference point?
The reference point could be ant stationary point such as that on tree, a building, a bridge, an
electric pylon.
What is position?
Position: is a vector quantity which has both direction and magnitude.
How we expressed vector quantity?
We expressed vector quantity by placing an arrow above the symbol of the quantity like
position (𝑋⃑).
Note: when we talk about magnitude we don’t use the arrow.
What is displacement?
Displacement: it’s the change in position of an object and it’s a vector quantity.
How can we calculate the displacement of an object?
We can calculate the displacement of an object by subtracting its initial position from final
position like the equation.
(𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
(∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑋𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 )

Examples:
If the doge moves away from the tree due cast and its final position is now 87m, what will its
displacement be? The initial position was 50m?
Sol:
𝑋𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 87𝑚, 𝑋𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 50𝑚, ∆𝑋 =?
∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑋𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙
∆𝑋 = 87 − 50
∆𝑋 = 37𝑚
What is distance?
It’s the length of the path from the initial position to the final position which is scaler quantity.
 Chapter two Motion
Example: in figure 2.5 the post man travel 150m to the north, 250m to the east and 150m to
the south calculate the distance he traveled and displacement?
Sol: 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 150 + 250 + 150
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 550𝑚
𝑋𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 250𝑚, 𝑋𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 0𝑚, ∆𝑋 =?
∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑋𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙
∆𝑋 = 250 − 0
∆𝑋 = 250𝑚
Example: a girl walks 5m due right. Then she returns and walk
7m due left. What is the distance taken and displacement during this motion?
Displacement Displacement
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑋1 + 𝑋2 ∆𝑋 = 𝑋1 + 𝑋2
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 5 + 7 ∆𝑋 = 5 + (−7)
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 12𝑚 ∆𝑋 = −2𝑚

Exercise: a ball is released from a height 5m, bounces from the floor and it’s caught at a height
2m from the floor. Find the distance covered from the ball and its displacement? Hint
(distance=7m, displacement=3m).
:‫كاالت‬
‫ي‬ ‫ عند حساب االزاحة نطبق قواعد المتجهات ي‬:‫ملحوظة‬
‫وه‬
‫ن‬
.‫متعاكسي نجري عملية طرح‬ ‫ن‬
‫تجاهي‬ ‫ ان كان المتجهان با‬.‫ان كان المتجهان بنفس االتجاه نجري عملية جمع‬
Example: look at the figure bellow.
a) State the position of the students and
draw their position vectors.
b) After a while they all moves to point C,
what will their final displacement be?
Sol:
a) Ali’s initial position is -50m.
Mazin’s initial position is -30m.
Ahmed’s initial position is +40m.
Their position vectors are as follows:
b) The students meet’s at the point C their
final position is +10m.
Ali moves from point A to C, his displacement is
(∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑖 )
∆𝑋 = +10 − (−50) = 60𝑚
Mazin moves from point B to C, his displacement
is (∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑖 )
∆𝑋 = +10 − (−30) = 40𝑚
Ahmed moves from point D to C, his displacement is (∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑖 )
∆𝑋 = +10 − 40 = −30𝑚