Practical Questions “ Cell Communications”

Q 1. The gap junction is the example of-----------------------?

a. Contact-dependent signaling T
b. Endocrine signaling.
c. Paracrine signaling.
d. Autocrine signaling

Q 2. The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland is an example of _______________.

a. autocrine signaling
b. paracrine signaling
c. endocrine signaling T
d. direct signaling across gap junctions

Q 3. Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions into or out of a cell?

a. Ions are too large to diffuse through the membrane.

b. Ions are charged particles and cannot diffuse through the hydrophobic interior of the
membrane. T
c. Ions do not need ion channels to move through the membrane.
d. Ions bind to carrier proteins in the bloodstream, which must be removed before
transport into the cell.

Q 4. Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than paracrine signals because
___________.

a. the ligands are transported through the bloodstream and travel greater distances T
b. the target and signaling cells are close together
c. the ligands are degraded rapidly
d. the ligands don't bind to carrier proteins during transport

Q 5. What are the essential elements for cell communication?

a. Signaling cell, ligand, receptor molecule, and receptor cell T

b. Hormone, ligand, and receptor cell
c. Enzyme-linked receptor, ligand, and signaling cell
d. Gated ion channel-linked, ligand, signaling cell, and hormone

Q 6. Neuro-muscular communication is an example of------------?

a. Contact-dependent signaling
b. Endocrine signaling.
c. Paracrine signaling. T
d. Autocrine signaling
Q 7. When a ligand binds to a receptor on the cell that produces it, what type of cell
signalling is this?

a. Contact-dependent signaling
b. Endocrine signaling.
c. Paracrine signaling.
d. Autocrine signaling T

Q 8. When the receptor binds acetylcholine, a conformational change of the receptor opens a
membrane channel that conducts ions. What type of receptor is this example?
a. Enzyme coupled receptors
b. G-protein coupled receptors
c. Ion-channel coupled receptors T
d. Intracellular receptors

Q 9. What is the name of the scientific term that could be defined as sending and receiving
messages to and from the environment with the help of different molecular pathways.

a. Cell phosphorylation.
b. Cell metabolism
c. Cell signaling T
d. Cell division

Q 10. Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is ________________.

a. damaged
b. no longer needed T
c. infected by a virus
d. all of the above

Q 11. How do cells communicate?

a. Cells usually communicate with the help of chemical compounds which are usually
proteins in nature T
b. Cells usually communicate with the help of chemical compounds which are usually
ions in nature
c. Cells usually communicate after complete cell division
d. Cells usually communicate with the help of nerve impulse sent by nerve

Q 12. Which type of molecule acts as a signaling molecule in yeasts?

a. steroid
b. autoinducer
c. mating factor T
d. second messenger

Q 13. What is the name of scientific term that describes signals from two or more different
cell-surface receptors merge to activate the same response in the cell?
 a. Signal integration T
b. Signal transduction
c. Dimerization
d. Signaling pathway

Q 14. What is the name of the enzyme that transfers phosphate group from ATP molecules to
protein molecule?

a. Phosphatase
b. Protein kinase T
c. G protein
d. Secondary messenger

Q 15. The bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, an infectious disease that often leads to
severe dehydration as a result of ongoing diarrhea. During an infection, Vibrio cholerae
releases a protein complex called cholera toxin.
After its release, cholera toxin enters intestinal epithelial cells and binds to a G protein. This
causes the G protein to be permanently activated. The downstream effects of this G protein
activation are shown in the signal transduction pathway below.

The image above depicts an intestinal epithelial cell. The lumen represents the extracellular
environment.
Based on the information above, which of the following correctly describes cholera toxin and
its effect on intestinal epithelial cells?
 a. Cholera toxin is an intracellular signal that increases extracellular chloride ion
concentration.
b. Cholera toxin is an extracellular signal that decreases adenylyl cyclase
activity. T
c. Cholera toxin is an extracellular signal that increases the dephosphorylation of
protein kinase A.
d. Cholera toxin is an intracellular signal that decreases intracellular cAMP
concentration.

Q 16. Which of the following statements regarding cell signaling is true?

a. Paracrine signaling allows neighboring cells to communicate over relatively short
distances. T
b. In endocrine signaling, signals are released from a cell and bind to receptors on its
own cell membrane.
c. Synaptic signaling is a type of autocrine signaling.
d. Direct signaling is a type of signaling found only in plant cells.

Q 17. There are several types of receptors that allow cells to communicate. Which of
the following is true regarding these cell receptors?
a. Binding of a ligand to receptor tyrosine kinases causes a direct change in ion
distribution across a membrane.
b. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most diverse type of cell receptor.
.c. Ligand-gated ion receptors are receptors for a group of signaling molecules called
growth factors.
d. Intracellular receptors can be found in the cytoplasm or nucleus.T
Q 18. A cell releases chemical signals into its surrounding space to communicate with
neighboring cells.
Which of the following must occur for the communication to be successful?
a. The neighboring cell must have the right receptor to receive the signal. T
b. The neighboring cells must be able to absorb the chemicals through diffusion.
c. The chemical signal must bind to hormones on the neighboring cells.
d. The same chemical signal must be produced within the neighboring cells.

Q 19. What is the correct steps of a signal transduction pathway from beginning to end?

a. Final target causes response; a ligand binds to the cell-surface receptor; the receptor
activates a protein at the membrane; second messenger molecules are releases
b. Final target causes response; the receptor activates a protein at the membrane; a
ligand binds to the cell-surface receptor; second messenger molecules are releases
c. The receptor activates a protein at the membrane; second messenger molecules are
releases; final target causes response; a ligand binds to the cell-surface receptor.
d. A ligand binds to the cell-surface receptor; the receptor activates a protein at the
membrane; second messenger molecules are releases; final target causes response; T

Q 20. What is the difference between intracellular signaling and intercellular signaling?
a. Intracellular signaling occurs within a cell, and intercellular signaling occurs between
cells. T
b. Intercellular signaling occurs within a cell, and intracellular signaling occurs between
cells.
c. There is no difference between intracellular signaling and intercellular signaling
d. Intracellular signaling is G protein, and intercellular signaling is tyrosine kinase.