Prealgebra 6th Edition Blair Solutions

Manual
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 Chapter 7
7.1 Exercises 20. 8 − 11 = x − 4
−3 = x − 4
2. To solve the equation a − 1 = −7, we add the + 4 4
opposite of −1, which is 1, to both sides of the 1 = x or x = 1
equation.
Check: 8 − 11 = x − 4
4. To solve the equation y + 15 = 22, we add −15 to 8 − 11 ⱨ 1 − 4
both sides of the equation. −3 = −3 9

6. Before we solve the equation

22. 8 − 13 = x − 2 + 32
4x + 2 − 3x − 1 = 10 − 11, we must first simplify
each side of the equation. − 5 = x − 2 + 32
−5 = x −2+9
8. To solve the equation −12 = −3x, we divide by −5 = x +7
−3 on both sides of the equation. + −7 −7
− 12 = x or x = −12
x
10. To solve the equation −12 = , we multiply by Check: 8 − 13 = x − 2 + 32
−3
−3 on both sides of the equation. 8 − 13 ⱨ − 12 − 2 + 32
−5 ⱨ − 12 − 2 + 9
12. We add 3 on both sides of the equation when we −5 = −5 9
solve 12 = x − 3.
24. −5 + 32 = a + 5 − 7
14. y − 4 = −11
−5+9 = a+5−7
+ +4 +4
4 = a+5−7
y = −7
4 = a−2
Check: y − 4 = −11 + 2 2
−7 − 4 ⱨ − 11 6 = a or a = 6
−11 = −11 9
Check: −5 + 32 = a + 5 − 7
16. x + 13 = − 1 −5 + 32 = 6 + 5 − 7
+ − 13 − 13 −5 + 9 = 4
x = −14 4=49
Check: x + 13 = −1
−14 + 13 ⱨ − 1 26. 8 x + 7 − 7 x + 2 = −3
−1 = −1 9 x + 9 = −3
+ −9 −9
18. −7 = y + 6 x = −12
+ −6 −6 Check: 8 x + 7 − 7 x + 2 = −3
−13 = y or y = −13 8(−12) + 7 − 7(−12) + 2 ⱨ − 3
Check: −7 = y + 6 −967 + 84 + 2 ⱨ − 3
−7 ⱨ − 13 + 6 −3 = −3 9
−7 = −7 9
28. 8 − 9 = 3 x − 4 − 2 x
− 1 = 3x − 4 − 2 x
−1 = x − 4
+ 4 4
3 = x or x = 3

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

Check: 8 − 9 = 3 x − 4 − 2 x x
8 − 9 ⱨ 3(3) − 4 − 2(3) 38. = −6 + 2
5
−1 ⱨ 9 − 4 − 6 x
−1 = −1 9 = −4
5
5⋅ x
30. 11x + 12 − 10 x − 1 = −4 + 11 = −4 ⋅ 5
5
x + 11 = −4 + 11 x = −20
x + 11 = 7 x
+ − 11 − 11 Check: = −6 + 2
5
x = −4 −20
ⱨ −6+2
Check: 11x + 12 − 10 x − 1 = −4 + 11 5
11(−4) + 12 − 10(−4) − 1 ⱨ − 4 + 11 −4 = −4 9
−44 + 12 + 40 − 1 ⱨ 7
7=79 x
40. = 5 + 42
−1
x x
32. 3= = 5 + 16
−2 −1
−2 ⋅ x x
(−2) ⋅ 3 = = 21
−2 −1
−6 = x or x = −6 −1 ⋅ x
= 21 ⋅ (−1)
x −1
Check: 3 = x = −21
−2
−6 x
3ⱨ Check: = 5 + 42
−2 −1
3=39 −21
ⱨ 5 + 42
−1
a 21 ⱨ 5 + 16
34. −4 =
6 21 = 21 9
6⋅a
6 ⋅ (−4) =
6 5
42. x = 15
−24 = a or a = −24 7
a 7 5 7
Check: −4 = ⋅ x = 15 ⋅
6 5 7 5
−24 3⋅ 5 ⋅7
−4 ⱨ x=
6 5
−4 = −4 9 x = 21
5
Check: x = 15
y 7
36. = 9 − 11
−3 5
⋅ 21 ⱨ 15
y 7
= −2
−3 15 = 15 9
−3 ⋅ y
= −2 ⋅ (−3)
−3 −5
y=6 44. a = 15
8
y ⎛ 8 ⎞⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ 8⎞
Check: = 9 − 11 ⎜ − 5 ⎟⎜ − 8 ⎟ a = 15 ⎜ − 5 ⎟
−3 ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
6
ⱨ 9 − 11 3⋅ 5 ⋅8
a=−
−3 5
−2 = −2 9 a = −24

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

−5 52. 6 x + 3(3 x ) = 45
Check: a = 15 6 x + 9 x = 45
8
−5 15 x = 45
(−24) ⱨ 15
8 15 x 45
=
15 = 15 9 15 15
x =3
3 Check: 6 x + 3(3 x ) = 45
46. y = 52 − 4 6 ⋅ 3 + 3(3 ⋅ 3) ⱨ 45
7
3 18 + 27 ⱨ 45
y = 25 − 4 45 = 45 9
7
3
y = 21 54. 5(−5 x ) − 4 x = −29
7
7 3 7 −25 x − 4 x = −29
⋅ y = 21 ⋅ −29 x = −29
3 7 3
3 ⋅7⋅7 −29 x −29
y= =
3 −29 −29
y = 49 x =1
Check: 5(−5 x ) − 4 x = −29
3
Check: y = 52 − 4 5(−5 ⋅ 1) − 4 ⋅ 1 ⱨ − 29
7 −25 − 4 ⱨ − 29
3
(49) ⱨ 52 − 4 −29 = −29 9
7
21 ⱨ 25 − 4
6
21 = 21 9 56. = 2(3 x ) + 3 x
−3
−2 = 2(3 x ) + 3 x
48. 4(6 x ) = 48
−2 = 6 x + 3 x
24 x = 48
−2 = 9 x
24 x 48
= −2 9 x
24 24 =
x=2 9 9
Check: 4(6 x ) = 48 2 2
− = x or x = −
4(6 ⋅ 2) ⱨ 48 9 9
48 = 48 9 Check:
6
= 2(3 x ) + 3 x
−3
50. −2 = 6(−4 x ) 6 ⎡ ⎛ 2 ⎞⎤ ⎛ 2 ⎞
ⱨ 2 ⎢3 ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥ + 3 ⎜ − ⎟
−2 = −24 x −3 ⎣ ⎝ 9 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 9 ⎠
−2 −24 x 4 2
= −2 ⱨ − −
−24 −24 3 3
1 1 6
= x or x = −2 ⱨ −
12 12 3
Check: −2 = 6(−4 x ) −2 = −2 9
⎛ 1 ⎞
−2 ⱨ 6 ⎜ −4 ⋅ ⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠
58.
32
= 8 x + 2(−2 x )
⎛ 1⎞ 8
−2 ⱨ 6 ⎜ − ⎟ 4 = 8 x + 2(−2 x )
⎝ 3⎠
−2 = −2 9 4 = 8x − 4 x
4 = 4x
4 4x
=
4 4
1 = x or x = 1

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

32 b. x + 6 = 11
Check: = 8 x + 2(−2 x )
8 + −6 −6
32 x= 5
ⱨ 8 ⋅ 1 + 2(−2 ⋅ 1)
8
4 ⱨ8−4 x
4=49 c. = 11
−6
−6 ⋅ x
60. − x = 16 = 11 ⋅ (−6)
−6
−1x = 16 x = −66
−1x 16
=
−1 −1 d. −6 x = 11
x = −16 −6 x 11
=
Check: − x = 16 −6 −6
−(−16) ⱨ 16 11
x=−
16 = 16 9 6

62. − x = −6 68. −2 = y + 7
−1 x = −6 + −7 −7
−1x −6 −9 = y or y = −9
=
−1 −1
x=6 70. 7x + 3 − 6x = 4
Check: − x = −6 x +3 = 4
−(6) ⱨ − 6 + −3 −3
−6 = −6 9 x =1

64. a. 5 y = −20
y
5 y −20 72. = −6 + 22
= 9
5 5 y
y = −4 = −6 + 4
9
y
y = −2
b. = −20 9
5 9⋅ y
5⋅ y = −2 ⋅ 9
= −20 ⋅ 5 9
5 y = −18
y = −100
74. −a = 11
c. y − 5 = −20 −1a = 11
+ 5 5 −1a 11
y = −15 =
−1 −1
a = −11
d. y + 5 = −20
+ −5 −5 35
76. = 3(4 x) + 6 x
y = −25 −7
−5 = 3(4 x) + 6 x
66. a. x − 6 = 11 −5 = 12 x + 6 x
+ 6 6 −5 = 18 x
x = 17 −5 18 x
=
18 18
5 5
− = x or x = −
18 18

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

7 Third column:
78. a = 32 + 12 18 + c + 25 = 45
8
7 c + 43 = 45
a = 9 + 12 + − 43 − 43
8
7 c= 2
a = 21
8 Second row:
8 7 8 b + 15 + 2 = 45
⋅ a = 21 ⋅
7 8 7 b + 17 = 45
3⋅ 7 ⋅8 + − 17 − 17
a=
7 b = 28
a = 24 Third row:
d + 8 + 25 = 45
80. a. 8 + 3 + x = 15 d + 33 = 45
11 + x = 15 + − 33 − 33
+ − 11 − 11 d = 12
x=4
5 22 18
b. z + 5 + 9 = 15
z + 14 = 15 28 15 2
+ − 14 − 14 12 8 25
z =1
84. The sum of the interior angles is 180°.
6 + 7 + y = 15 x + 60° + 90° = 180°
13 + y = 15 x + 150° = 180°
+ − 13 − 13 + − 150° − 150°
y=2 x = 30°
The missing angle is 30°.
c. 8 1 6
3 5 7 86. The sum of the missing angles is 90°.
4 x + x = 90
4 9 2 5 x = 90
5 x 90
=
Sums of diagonals: 5 5
8 + 5 + 2 = 15 9 x = 18
4 + 5 + 6 = 15 9 5x = 72
The angles measure 18° and 72°.
82. Find the sum of the diagonal.
5 + 15 + 25 = 45 Cumulative Review
Use 45 as the sum of each row and each column.
First row: 87. 210
5 + a + 18 = 45 / \
a + 23 = 45 10 ⋅ 21
+ − 23 − 23 /\ /\
a = 22 2⋅5 3⋅7
Second column: 210 = 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 7 = 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7
22 + 15 + e = 45
37 + e = 45
+ − 37 − 37
e=8

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

88. 112 Check: −2(4 a) + 5a = 21

/ \ −2[4(−7)] + 5(−7) ⱨ 21
4 ⋅ 28 56 − 35 ⱨ 21
/ \ / \ 21 = 21 9
2⋅2 4⋅7
/\ 7.2 Exercises
2⋅2
112 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 7 or 2 4 ⋅ 7 2. 3x − 2 = 7
Triple what number minus two equals seven?
89. We subtract. (Answers may vary.)
94, 500, 000
− 91, 400, 000 4. 8 − 5x = 7x + 3
3,100, 000 mi + +5 x +5 x
The difference is approximately 3,100,000 miles. 8 − 0 = 12 x + 3
+ −3 −3
Classroom Quiz 7.1 5 = 12 x + 0
5 12 x
1. 3a − 2 a − 4 = 6 + 5 =
12 12
a − 4 = 11
5
+ +4 +4 =x
a = 15 12
Check: 3a − 2 a − 4 = 6 + 5 6. −3 + 8 x = 9 x − 4
3(15) − 2(15) − 4 ⱨ 6 + 5
+ −8 x −8 x
45 − 30 − 4 ⱨ 11
−3+ 0 = x −4
11 = 11 9
+ +4 +4
y 1= x
2. = 32 − 42
3
y 8. −6 x + 4 + 5 x = 10
= 9 − 16
3 −1 x + 4 = 10
y
= −7 + −4 −4
3 −1 6
3⋅ y x +0 =
= −7 ⋅ 3 −1 −1
3 x = −6
y = −21
y 3 y − 9 = 12
Check: = 32 − 42 10.
3 + 9 9
−21 = 21
ⱨ 32 − 42 3y
3 3 y 21
−7 ⱨ 9 − 16 =
3 3
−7 = −7 9 y=7
Check: 3 y − 9 = 12
3. −2(4 a) + 5a = 21
3(7) − 9 ⱨ 12
−8a + 5a = 21
21 − 9 ⱨ 12
−3a = 21
12 = 12 9
−3a 21
=
−3 −3
a = −7

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

12. 7 x − 10 = 18 20. −5 y − 9 = 74
+ 10 10 + 9 9
7x = 28 −5 y = 83
7 x 28 −5 y 83
= =
7 7 −5 −5
x=4 83
y=−
Check: 7 x − 10 = 18 5
7(4) − 10 ⱨ 18 Check: −5 y − 9 = 74
28 − 10 ⱨ 18 ⎛ 83 ⎞
−5 ⎜ − ⎟ − 9 ⱨ 74
18 = 18 9 ⎝ 5⎠
83 − 9 ⱨ 74
14. 15 = 6 y − 3 74 = 74 9
+ 3 3
18 = 6 y 22. 36 = −4 x − 8
18 6 y
= +8 8
6 6 44 = −4 x
3 = y or y = 3 44 −4 x
=
Check: 15 = 6 y − 3 −4 −4
15 ⱨ 6(3) − 3 −11 = x or x = −11
15 ⱨ 18 − 3 Check: 36 = −4 x − 8
15 = 15 9 36 ⱨ − 4(−11) − 8
36 ⱨ 44 − 8
16. 3 x − 2 = 12 36 = 36 9
+ 2 2
3 x = 14 24. −2 = −9 − 4 x
3 x 14
= +9 9
3 3 7 = −4 x
x=
14 7 −4 x
=
3 −4 −4
Check: 3 x − 2 = 12 7 7
− = x or x = −
⎛ 14 ⎞ 4 4
3 ⎜ ⎟ − 2 ⱨ 12
⎝ 3⎠ Check: −2 = −9 − 4 x
14 − 2 ⱨ 12 ⎛ 7⎞
−2 ⱨ − 9 − 4 ⎜ − ⎟
12 = 12 9 ⎝ 4⎠
−2 ⱨ − 9 + 7
18. −6w + 7 = 67 −2 = −2 9
+ −7 −7
−6w = 60 26. 10 = 4 − 6 x
−6w 60 + −4 −4
=
−6 −6 6 = −6 x
w = −10 6 −6 x
=
Check: −6 w + 7 = 67 −6 −6
−6(−10) + 7 ⱨ 67 −1 = x or x = −1
60 + 7 ⱨ 67 Check: 10 = 4 − 6 x
67 = 67 9 10 ⱨ 4 − 6(−1)
10 ⱨ 4 + 6
10 = 10 9

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

28. −3 = 9 − 2 y Check: 4 x + 7 − 5 x = 12
+ −9 −9 4(−5) + 7 − 5(−5) ⱨ 12
−12 = −2 y −20 + 7 + 25 ⱨ 12
−12 −2 y 12 = 12 9
=
−2 −2
6 = y or y = 6 36. 16 x = 7 x + 36
Check: −3 = 9 − 2 y + − 7x − 7x
−3 ⱨ 9 − 2(6) 9 x = 36
−3 ⱨ 9 − 12 9 x 36
=
−3 = −3 9 9 9
x=4
30. 7 x + 3 − 4 x = 12 Check: 16 x = 7 x + 36
3 x + 3 = 12 16(4) ⱨ 7(4) + 36
+ −3 −3 64 ⱨ 28 + 36
3x = 9 64 = 64 9
3x 9
= 38. 14 x = −2 x + 11
3 3
x =3 + 2x 2x
Check: 7 x + 3 − 4 x = 12 16 x = 11
7(3) + 3 − 4(3) ⱨ 12 16 x 11
=
21 + 3 − 12 ⱨ 12 16 16
12 = 12 9 x=
11
16
32. 3m − 1 + 4 m = 5 Check: 14 x = −2 x + 11
7m − 1 = 5 ⎛ 11 ⎞ ⎛ 11 ⎞
14 ⎜ ⎟ ⱨ − 2 ⎜ ⎟ + 11
+ 1 1 ⎝ 16 ⎠ ⎝ 16 ⎠
7m = 6 77 11 88
7m 6 ⱨ− +
= 8 8 8
7 7 77 77
6 = 9
m= 8 8
7
Check: 3m − 1 + 4 m = 5 40. 7x + 6 = 2x − 9
⎛6⎞ ⎛6⎞ + − 2x − 2x
3⎜ ⎟ −1 + 4 ⎜ ⎟ ⱨ 5
⎝7⎠ ⎝7⎠ 5 x + 6 = −9
18 7 24 + −6 −6
− + ⱨ5 5 x = −15
7 7 7
35 5 x −15
ⱨ5 =
7 5 5
5=59 x = −3
Check: 7x + 6 = 2x − 9
34. 4 x + 7 − 5 x = 12 7(−3) + 6 ⱨ 2(−3) − 9
− x + 7 = 12 −21 + 6 ⱨ − 6 − 9
+ −7 −7 −15 = −15 9
−x = 5
−1x 5
=
−1 −1
x = −5

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

42. 6 y − 5 = 13 y + 9 Check: −1 − 6 x + 2 = −4 + 3 x − 5 x
+ − 6y − 6y ⎛5⎞ ⎛5⎞ ⎛5⎞
−1 − 6 ⎜ ⎟ + 2 ⱨ − 4 + 3 ⎜ ⎟ − 5 ⎜ ⎟
− 5 = 7y + 9 ⎝4⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝4⎠
+ −9 −9 4 30 8 16 15 25
− 14 = 7 y − − + ⱨ− + −
4 4 4 4 4 4
−14 7 y 26 26
= − =− 9
7 7 4 4
− 2 = y or y = −2
Check: 6 y − 5 = 13 y + 9 50. −8 x + 4 = 20
6(−2) − 5 ⱨ 13(−2) + 9 + −4 −4
−12 − 5 ⱨ − 26 + 9 −8 x = 16
−17 = −17 9 −8 x 16
=
−8 −8
44. −9 + 2 y + 6 = y + 11 x = −2
2 y − 3 = y + 11 Check: −8 x + 4 = 20
+ −y −y −8(−2) + 4 ⱨ 20
y − 3 = 11 16 + 4 ⱨ 20
+ 3 3 20 = 20 9
y = 14
Check: −9 + 2 y + 6 = y + 11 52. 7 x − 2 = 19
−9 + 2(14) + 6 ⱨ 14 + 11 + 2 2
−9 + 28 + 6 ⱨ 25 7 x = 21
25 = 25 9 7 x 21
=
7 7
46. 14 y − 6 + 4 y = 8 y − 1 x =3
18 y − 6 = 8 y − 1 Check: 7 x − 2 = 19
+ − 8y − 8y 7(3) − 2 ⱨ 19
10 y − 6 = −1 21 − 2 ⱨ 19
+ 6 6 19 = 19 9
10 y = 5
10 y 5 54. 6 y + 2 − 3 y = 13
=
10 10 3 y + 2 = 13
1 + −2 −2
y=
2 3 y = 11
Check: 14 y − 6 + 4 y = 8 y − 1 3 y 11
=
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ 3 3
14 ⎜ ⎟ − 6 + 4 ⎜ ⎟ ⱨ 8 ⎜ ⎟ − 1 11
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ y=
7 − 6 + 2 ⱨ 4 −1 3
3=39 Check: 6 y + 2 − 3 y = 13
⎛ 11 ⎞ ⎛ 11 ⎞
6 ⎜ ⎟ + 2 − 3 ⎜ ⎟ ⱨ 13
48. −1 − 6 x + 2 = −4 + 3 x − 5 x ⎝3⎠ ⎝3⎠
1 − 6 x = −4 − 2 x 22 + 2 − 11 ⱨ 13
+ 2x 2x 13 = 13 9
1 − 4 x = −4
+ −1 −1
− 4 x = −5
−4 x −5
=
−4 −4
5
x=
4
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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

56. 20 y = 5 y + 15
+ − 5y − 5y
15 y = 15
15 y 15
=
15 15
y =1
Check: 20 y = 5 y + 15
20(1) ⱨ 5(1) + 15
20 ⱨ 5 + 15
20 = 20 9

58. 4 x − 2 + 7 x + 8 = 2 x − 1
11x + 6 = 2 x − 1
+ − 2x − 2x
9 x + 6 = −1
+ −6 −6
9 x = −7
9 x −7
=
9 9
7
x=−
9
Check: 4x − 2 + 7 x + 8 = 2x −1
⎛ 7⎞ ⎛ 7⎞ ⎛ 7⎞
4 ⎜ − ⎟ − 2 + 7 ⎜ − ⎟ + 8 ⱨ 2⎜ − ⎟ −1
⎝ 9 ⎠ ⎝ 9 ⎠ ⎝ 9⎠
−28 18 49 72 14 9
− − + ⱨ− −
9 9 9 9 9 9
23 23
− =− 9
9 9

60. 9 x − 8 − 2(3 x ) + (42 + 3) = −4 x − 3 + 2 x

9 x − 8 − 6 x + 16 + 3 = −2 x − 3
3 x + 11 = −2 x − 3
+ 2x 2x
5 x + 11 = −3
+ − 11 − 11
5 x = −14
5 x −14
=
5 5
14
x=−
5
Check: 9 x − 8 − 2(3 x ) + (42 + 3) = −4 x − 3 + 2 x
⎛ 14 ⎞ ⎡ ⎛ 14 ⎞ ⎤ ⎛ 14 ⎞ ⎛ 14 ⎞
9 ⎜ − ⎟ − 8 − 2 ⎢3 ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥ + (42 + 3) ⱨ − 4 ⎜ − ⎟ − 3 + 2 ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 5 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 5⎠
126 84 56 28
− − 8 + + 19 ⱨ −3−
5 5 5 5
126 40 84 95 56 15 28
− − + + ⱨ − −
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
13 13
= 9
5 5
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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

Cumulative Review 3. 2y + 6 = 7y − 4
+ − 2y − 2y
61. −3(x − 4) = −3(x) − 3(−4) = −3x + 12 6 = 5y − 4
+ 4 4
62. 2(−3 + y) = 2(−3) + 2( y)
10 = 5 y
= −6 + 2 y or 2 y − 6
10 5 y
=
13 65 5 5
63. = 2 = y or y = 2
21 x
x ⋅13 = 21 ⋅ 65 Check: 2 y + 6 = 7 y − 4
13 x = 1365 2(2) + 6 ⱨ 7(2) − 4
13 x 1365 4 + 6 ⱨ 14 − 4
= 10 = 10 9
13 13
x = 105
7.3 Exercises
15 x
64. = 2. −3(4 x + 1) + 3 x = 15
17 85 −12 x − 3 + 3 x = 15 Use the distributive
85 ⋅ 15 = 17 ⋅ x
property to remove
1275 = 17 x
parentheses.
1275 17 x
= −9 x − 3 = 15 Combine like terms.
17 17 −9 x = 18 Add + 3 to both sides
75 = x or x = 75
of the equation.
Classroom Quiz 7.2 x = −2 Divide both sides by − 9.

1. − 4b = 2b + 12 4. −2(5 y + 3) = 34
+ − 2b − 2 b −10 y − 6 = 34
− 6b = 12 + 6 6
−6b 12 −10 x = 40
= −10 y 40
−6 −6 =
b = −2 −10 −10
Check: −4b = 2b + 12 y = −4
−4(−2) ⱨ 2(−2) + 12 Check: −2(5 y + 3) = 34
8 ⱨ − 4 + 12 −2[5(−4) + 3] ⱨ 34
8=89 −2[ −20 + 3] ⱨ 34
−2[ −17] ⱨ 34
2. −4 x − 8 − 6 x = 12 34 = 34 9
−10 x − 8 = 12
+ 8 8 6. 2(4 x − 1) = 9
−10 x = 20 8x − 2 = 9
−10 x 20 + 2 2
= 8x = 11
−10 −10
x = −2 8 x 11
=
Check: −4 x − 8 − 6 x = 12 8 8
−4(−2) − 8 − 6(−2) ⱨ 12 x=
11
8 − 8 + 12 ⱨ 12 8
12 = 12 9

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

Check: 2(4 x − 1) = 9 Check: −4(2 y − 2) + 4 y = −12

⎡ ⎛ 11 ⎞ ⎤ −4[ 2(5) − 2] + 4(5) ⱨ − 12
2 ⎢ 4 ⎜ ⎟ − 1⎥ ⱨ 9 −4[10 − 2] + 20 ⱨ − 12
⎣ ⎝8⎠ ⎦
−4[8] + 20 ⱨ − 12
⎡11 2 ⎤
2⎢ − ⎥ ⱨ 9 −32 + 20 ⱨ − 12
⎣ 2 2⎦ −12 = −12 9
⎡9⎤
2⎢ ⎥ ⱨ 9
⎣2⎦ 14. −2(3 x + 2) = −9 − 2 x
9=99 − 6 x − 4 = −9 − 2 x
+ 2x 2x
8. 14 = −7(3 y + 4) − 4 x − 4 = −9
14 = −21y − 28 + 4 4
+ 28 28 − 4 x = −5
42 = −21y −4 x −5
42 −21y =
= −4 −4
−21 −21 5
− 2 = y or y = −2 x=
4
Check: 14 = −7(3 y + 4) Check: −2(3 x + 2) = −9 − 2 x
14 ⱨ − 7[3(−2) + 4] ⎡ ⎛5⎞ ⎤ ⎛5⎞
14 ⱨ − 7[ −6 + 4] −2 ⎢ 3 ⎜ ⎟ + 2 ⎥ ⱨ − 9 − 2 ⎜ ⎟
14 ⱨ − 7[ −2] ⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
4 ⎝4⎠
14 = 14 9 ⎛ 15 8 ⎞ 18 5
−2 ⎜ + ⎟ ⱨ − −
⎝ 4 4 ⎠ 2 2
10. −7(4 y + 1) + 15 y = 6 ⎛ 23 ⎞ 23
−2 ⎜ ⎟ ⱨ −
−28 y − 7 + 15 y = 6 ⎝ ⎠
4 2
−13 y − 7 = 6 23 23
− =− 9
+ 7 7 2 2
−13 y = 13
−13 y 13 16. 5( y − 2) + 2( y + 4) = 26
= 5 y − 10 + 2 y + 8 = 26
−13 −13
y = −1 7 y − 2 = 26
Check: −7(4 y + 1) + 15 y = 6 + 2 2
−7[ 4(−1) + 1] + 15(−1) ⱨ 6 7 y = 28
−7[ −4 + 1] − 15 ⱨ 6 7 y 28
=
−7[ −3] − 15 ⱨ 6 7 7
21 − 15 ⱨ 6 y=4
6=69 Check: 5( y − 2) + 2( y + 4) = 26
5(4 − 2) + 2(4 + 4) ⱨ 26
12. −4(2 y − 2) + 4 y = −12 5(2) + 2(8) ⱨ 26
−8 y + 8 + 4 y = −12 10 + 16 ⱨ 26
−4 y + 8 = −12 26 = 26 9
+ −8 −8
−4 y = −20 18. 3( x − 4) + 6( x + 1) = 21
−4 y −20 3 x − 12 + 6 x + 6 = 21
=
−4 −4 9 x − 6 = 21
y=5 + 6 6
9 x = 27
9 x 27
=
9 9
x =3

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

Check: 3( x − 4) + 6( x + 1) = 21 24. 3( y + 1) = −2( y − 2) − 6

3(3 − 4) + 6(3 + 1) ⱨ 21 3 y + 3 = −2 y + 4 − 6
3(−1) + 6(4) ⱨ 21 3 y + 3 = −2 y − 2
−3 + 24 ⱨ 21 + 2y 2y
21 = 21 9 5 y + 3 = −2
+ −3 −3
20. 16 = −3( x − 3) + 4( x − 1) 5 y = −5
16 = −3 x + 9 + 4 x − 4 5 y −5
=
16 = x + 5 5 5
+ −5 −5 y = −1
11 = x or x = 11
Check: 16 = −3( x − 3) + 4( x − 1) Check: 3( y + 1) = −2( y − 2) − 6
16 ⱨ − 3(11 − 3) + 4(11 − 1) 3(−1 + 1) ⱨ − 2(−1 − 2) − 6
16 ⱨ − 3(8) + 4(10) 3(0) ⱨ − 2(−3) − 6
16 ⱨ − 24 + 40 0 ⱨ 6−6
16 = 16 9 0=09

22. 4( x − 2) = −2( x + 6) + 31 26. (9 y 2 + 8 y − 2) − (9 y 2 + 5) = 9

4 x − 8 = −2 x − 12 + 31 9 y2 + 8 y − 2 − 9 y2 − 5 = 9
4 x − 8 = −2 x + 19 8y − 7 = 9
+ 2x 2x + 7 7
6 x − 8 = 19 8 y = 16
+ 8 8 8 y 16
6 x = 27 =
8 8
6 x 27 y=2
=
6 6
9 Check: (9 y 2 + 8 y − 2) − (9 y 2 + 5) = 9
x= [9(2)2 + 8(2) − 2] − [9(2)2 + 5] ⱨ 9
2
Check: 4( x − 2) = −2( x + 6) + 31 [9(4) + 16 − 2] − [9(4) + 5] ⱨ 9
⎛9 ⎞ ⎛9 ⎞ (36 + 16 − 2) − (36 + 5) ⱨ 9
4 ⎜ − 2 ⎟ ⱨ − 2 ⎜ + 6 ⎟ + 31 50 − 41 ⱨ 9
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
9=99
⎛9 4⎞ ⎛ 9 12 ⎞
4 ⎜ − ⎟ ⱨ − 2 ⎜ + ⎟ + 31
⎝2 2⎠ ⎝2 2 ⎠
28. (8 x 2 + 8 x − 2) − (8 x 2 + 5) = 6 x + 2
⎛ ⎞
5 ⎛ 21 ⎞
4 ⎜ ⎟ ⱨ − 2 ⎜ ⎟ + 31 8x 2 + 8x − 2 − 8x 2 − 5 = 6 x + 2
⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
10 ⱨ − 21 + 31 8x − 7 = 6 x + 2
10 = 10 9 + − 6x − 6x
2x − 7 = 2
+ 7 7
2x = 9
2x 9
=
2 2
9 1
x = or 4
2 2

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

Check: (8 x 2 + 8 x − 2) − (8 x 2 + 5) = 6 x + 2
⎡ ⎛ 9 ⎞2 ⎛9⎞ ⎤ ⎡ ⎛9⎞
2 ⎤ ⎛9⎞
⎢8 ⎜ ⎟ + 8 ⎜ ⎟ − 2 ⎥ − ⎢8 ⎜ ⎟ + 5⎥ ⱨ 6 ⎜ ⎟ + 2
⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎝2⎠
⎡ ⎛ 81 ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ ⎛ 81 ⎞ ⎤
⎢8 ⎜ 4 ⎟ + 36 − 2 ⎥ − ⎢8 ⎜ 4 ⎟ + 5⎥ ⱨ 27 + 2
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
(162 + 36 − 2) − (162 + 5) ⱨ 29
196 − 167 ⱨ 29
29 = 29 9

30. 7( x − 1) + 3( x + 1) = 20 − 4 x
7 x − 7 + 3 x + 3 = 20 − 4 x
10 x − 4 = 20 − 4 x
+ 4x 4x
14 x − 4 = 20
+ 4 4
14 x = 24
14 x 24
=
14 14
12
x=
7

Check: 7( x − 1) + 3( x + 1) = 20 − 4 x
⎛ 12 ⎞ ⎛ 12 ⎞ ⎛ 12 ⎞
7 ⎜ − 1 ⎟ + 3 ⎜ + 1 ⎟ ⱨ 20 − 4 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎝ 7⎠
⎛ 12 7 ⎞ ⎛ 12 7 ⎞ 140 48
7⎜ − ⎟ + 3⎜ + ⎟ ⱨ −
⎝ 7 7⎠ ⎝ 7 7⎠ 7 7
⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛ 19 ⎞ 92
7 ⎜ ⎟ + 3⎜ ⎟ ⱨ
⎝7⎠ ⎝ 7 ⎠ 7
35 57 92
+ ⱨ
7 7 7
92 92
= 9
7 7

32. 3(−5 x + 1) − 4 x = −16

−15 x + 3 − 4 x = −16
−19 x + 3 = −16
+ −3 −3
−19 x = −19
−19 x −19
=
−19 −19
x =1
Check: 3(−5 x + 1) − 4 x = −16
3[ −5(1) + 1] − 4(1) ⱨ − 16
3[ −5 + 1] − 4 ⱨ − 16
3[ −4] − 4 ⱨ − 16
−12 − 4 ⱨ − 16
−16 = −16 9

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

34. (4 x 2 − 3 x + 5) − (4 x 2 + 2) = 7 x + 1
4 x 2 − 3x + 5 − 4 x 2 − 2 = 7 x + 1
− 3x + 3 = 7 x + 1
+ − 7x − 7x
− 10 x + 3 = 1
+ −3 −3
− 10 x = −2
−10 x −2
=
−10 −10
1
x=
5
Check: (4 x 2 − 3x + 5) − (4 x 2 + 2) = 7 x + 1
⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎛1⎞ ⎤ ⎡ ⎛1⎞
2 ⎤ ⎛1⎞
⎢ 4 ⎜ ⎟ − 3 ⎜ ⎟ + 5⎥ − ⎢ 4 ⎜ ⎟ + 2 ⎥ ⱨ 7 ⎜ ⎟ + 1
⎢⎣ ⎝ ⎠
5 ⎝ ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ ⎝ ⎠
5 5 ⎥⎦ ⎝5⎠
⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 3 ⎤ ⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎤ 7 5
⎢ 4 ⎜ 25 ⎟ − 5 + 5⎥ − ⎢ 4 ⎜ 25 ⎟ + 2 ⎥ ⱨ 5 + 5
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎛ 4 15 125 ⎞ ⎛ 4 50 ⎞ 12
⎜ 25 − 25 + 25 ⎟ − ⎜ 25 + 25 ⎟ ⱨ 5
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
114 54 12
− ⱨ
25 25 5
60 12
ⱨ
25 5
12 12
= 9
5 5

36. (2 x 2 + 4) − ( x 2 − 7 x − 1) = x 2 − 3
2x2 + 4 − x2 + 7x + 1 = x2 − 3
x2 + 7x + 5 = x2 − 3
+ − x2 − x2
7 x + 5 = −3
+ −5 −5
7 x = −8
7 x −8
=
7 7
8
x=−
7

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

Check: (2 x 2 + 4) − ( x 2 − 7 x − 1) = x 2 − 3
⎡ ⎛ 8 ⎞2 ⎤ ⎡⎛ 8 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 8⎞ ⎤ ⎛ 8⎞
2
⎢ 2 ⎜ − ⎟ + 4 ⎥ − ⎢⎜ − ⎟ − 7 ⎜ − ⎟ − 1⎥ ⱨ ⎜ − ⎟ − 3
⎢⎣ ⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎝ 7 ⎠
⎡ ⎛ 64 ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ 64 ⎤ 64
⎢ 2 ⎜ 49 ⎟ + 4 ⎥ − ⎢ 49 + 8 − 1⎥ ⱨ 49 − 3
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎛ 128 196 ⎞ ⎛ 64 392 49 ⎞ 64 147
⎜ 49 + 49 ⎟ − ⎜ 49 + 49 − 49 ⎟ ⱨ 49 − 49
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
324 407 83
− ⱨ−
49 49 49
83 83
− =− 9
49 49

38. ( y2 + 2 y − 5) − (3 y + 2) = y 2 − 1
y2 + 2 y − 5 − 3 y − 2 = y2 − 1
y 2 − y − 7 = y2 − 1
+ − y2 − y2
− y − 7 = −1
+ 7 7
−y=6
−1y 6
=
−1 −1
y = −6
Check: ( y2 + 2 y − 5) − (3 y + 2) = y 2 − 1
[(−6)2 + 2(−6) − 5] − [3(−6) + 2] ⱨ (−6)2 − 1
(36 − 12 − 5) − (−18 + 2) ⱨ 36 − 1
19 − (−16) ⱨ 35
35 = 35 9

40. (9a + 2) + (4a − 1) − (6a + 3) = 4(a − 1) + 8

(9 ⋅ 2 + 2) + (4 ⋅ 2 − 1) − (6 ⋅ 2 + 3) ⱨ 4(2 − 1) + 8
(18 + 2) + (8 − 1) − (12 + 3) ⱨ 4(1) + 8
20 + 7 − 15 ⱨ 4 + 8
12 = 12
Yes, a = 2 is a solution.

Cumulative Review

41. 3 = 3
4=2⋅2
2=2
LCD = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 = 12

42. 4 = 2 ⋅ 2
2=2
5=5
LCD = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 5 = 20

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 175

Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

43. 2x = 2 ⋅ x
x=x
LCD = 2 ⋅ x = 2x

44. x = x
5x = 5 ⋅ x
LCD = 5 ⋅ x = 5x

4 2
45. The LCD of and is 15.
5 3
4 4 ⋅ 3 12 2 2 ⋅ 5 10
= = ; = =
5 5 ⋅ 3 15 3 3 ⋅ 5 15
12 10 4 2
Since > , we have > .
15 15 5 3
Israel was overcharged.

1
46. Replace D with 13 .
4
1
P = 15 + D
2
1⎛ 1⎞
P = 15 + ⎜ 13 ⎟
2⎝ 4⎠
1 ⎛ 53 ⎞
= 15 + ⎜ ⎟
2⎝ 4 ⎠
53
= 15 +
8
120 53
= +
8 8
173 5
= or 21
8 8
5
The pressure on the diver is 21 pounds per square inch.
8

Classroom Quiz 7.3

1. −5(a − 4) + 2a = 29
−5a + 20 + 2a = 29
−3a + 20 = 29
+ − 20 − 20
−3 a = 9
−3a 9
=
−3 −3
a = −3
Check: −5(a − 4) + 2a = 29
−5(−3 − 4) + 2(−3) ⱨ 29
−5(−7) − 6 ⱨ 29
35 − 6 ⱨ 29
29 = 29 9

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

2. 6( x + 2) = 3(4 x − 1) − 3
6 x + 12 = 12 x − 3 − 3
6 x + 12 = 12 x − 6
+ − 6x − 6x
12 = 6 x − 6
+ 6 6
18 = 6 x
18 6 x
=
6 6
3= x
Check: 6( x + 2) = 3(4 x − 1) − 3
6(3 + 2) ⱨ 3(4 ⋅ 3 − 1) − 3
6(5) ⱨ 3(12 − 1) − 3
30 ⱨ 3(11) − 3
30 ⱨ 33 − 3
30 = 30 9

3. (b2 − 2b − 5) − (b2 + 5b + 4) = 2b + 27
b2 − 2b − 5 − b2 − 5b − 4 = 2b + 27
− 7b − 9 = 2b + 27
+ − 2b − 2b
− 9b − 9 = 27
+ 9 9
− 9b = 36
−9b 36
=
−9 −9
b = −4
Check: (b2 − 2b − 5) − (b2 + 5b + 4) = 2b + 27
[(−4) − 2(−4) − 5] − [(−4)2 + 5(−4) + 4] ⱨ 2(−4) + 27
2

(16 + 8 − 5) − (16 − 20 + 4) ⱨ − 8 + 27
19 − 0 ⱨ 19
19 = 19 9

Use Math to Save Money

1. $315 + $22 + $20 = $357

It will cost him $357 to buy the suit at the department store.

2. $335 + $13 = $348

It will cost him $348 to buy the suit at The Men’s Store.

3. Since the suit costs less at The Men’s Store, he should buy it there.

4. $315 + $22 = $337

With free tailoring, the suit would cost $337 at the department store.

5. If tailoring were free at the department store, he should buy the suit there.

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 177

Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

How Am I Doing? Sections 7.1−7.3 5. 4 x + 10 = 14

(Available online through MyMathLab or from the + − 10 − 10
Instructor’s Resource Center.) 4x = 4
4x 4
1. −12 = a + 3 =
4 4
+ −3 −3
x =1
−15 = a or a = −15
Check: 4 x + 10 = 14
Check: −12 = a + 3 4(1) + 10 ⱨ 14
−12 ⱨ − 15 + 3 4 + 10 ⱨ 14
−12 = −12 9 14 = 14 9

x 6. −5 y − 9 = 24
2. = 4 + 52
−2 + +9 +9
x −5 y = 33
= 4 + 25
−2 −5 y 33
x =
= 29 −5 −5
−2 33
−2 ⋅ x y=−
= 29 ⋅ (−2) 5
−2 Check: −5 y − 9 = 24
x = −58
⎛ 33 ⎞
x −5 ⎜ − ⎟ − 9 ⱨ 24
Check: = 4 + 52 ⎝ 5 ⎠
−2 33 − 9 ⱨ 24
−58
ⱨ 4 + 52 24 = 24 9
−2
29 ⱨ 4 + 25
7. −3 = 7 − 2 y
29 = 29 9
+ −7 −7
3. −x = 4 −10 = − 2 y
−1 x = 4 −10 −2 y
=
−1x 4 −2 −2
= 5 = y or y = 5
−1 −1
x = −4 Check: −3 = 7 − 2 y
Check: −x = 4 −3 ⱨ 7 − 2(5)
−(−4) ⱨ 4 −3 ⱨ 7 − 10
4=49 −3 = −3 9

21 8. 6 x − 4 = 14 x − 9
4. = 9 x + 3(−4 x ) + − 6x − 6x
−7
−3 = 9 x + 3(−4 x ) − 4 = 8x − 9
−3 = 9 x − 12 x + +9 +9
−3 = −3 x 5 = 8x
−3 −3 x 5 8x
= =
−3 −3 8 8
1 = x or x = 1 5 5
= x or x =
21 8 8
Check: = 9 x + 3(−4 x )
−7
21
ⱨ 9(1) + 3[ −4(1)]
−7
−3 ⱨ 9 + (−12)
−3 = −3 9

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

Check: 6 x − 4 = 14 x − 9 11. −3(2 x + 1) + 4 x = 11

⎛5⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ −6 x − 3 + 4 x = 11
6 ⎜ ⎟ − 4 ⱨ 14 ⎜ ⎟ − 9
⎝8⎠ ⎝8⎠ −2 x − 3 = 11
15 16 35 36 + +3 +3
− ⱨ − −2 x = 14
4 4 4 4
1 1 −2 x 14
− =− 9 =
4 4 −2 −2
x = −7
9. 15 y − 6 + 5 y = 8 y − 1 Check: −3(2 x + 1) + 4 x = 11
20 y − 6 = 8 y − 1 −3[2(−7) + 1] + 4(−7) ⱨ 11
+ − 8y − 8y −3[ −14 + 1] + (−28) ⱨ 11
12 y − 6 = − 1 −3(−13) − 28 ⱨ 11
+ +6 +6 39 − 28 ⱨ 11
12 y = 5 11 = 11 9
12 y 5
=
12 12 12. 2( x + 1) = −3( x + 2) + 10
5 2 x + 2 = −3 x − 6 + 10
y=
12 2 x + 2 = −3 x + 4
Check: 15 y − 6 + 5 y = 8 y − 1 + + 3x + 3x
⎛ 5⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ 5x + 2 = 4
15 ⎜ ⎟ − 6 + 5 ⎜ ⎟ ⱨ 8 ⎜ ⎟ − 1
⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎝ 12 ⎠ + −2 −2
75 72 25 40 12 5x = 2
− + ⱨ − 5x 2
12 12 12 12 12 =
28 28 5 5
= 9 2
12 12 x=
5
10. 7 − 8 = 2 x − 5 + 5x Check: 2( x + 1) = −3( x + 2) + 10
−1 = 7x − 5 ⎛2 ⎞ ⎛2 ⎞
2 ⎜ + 1 ⎟ ⱨ − 3 ⎜ + 2 ⎟ + 10
+ +5 +5 ⎝5 ⎠ ⎝5 ⎠
4 = 7x ⎛2 5⎞ ⎛ 2 10 ⎞
4 7x 2 ⎜ + ⎟ ⱨ − 3 ⎜ + ⎟ + 10
= ⎝5 5⎠ ⎝5 5 ⎠
7 7 ⎛7⎞ ⎛ 12 ⎞
4 4 2 ⎜ ⎟ ⱨ − 3 ⎜ ⎟ + 10
= x or x = ⎝5⎠ ⎝ 5⎠
7 7
14 36 50
Check: 7 − 8 = 2 x − 5 + 5 x ⱨ− +
5 5 5
⎛4⎞ ⎛4⎞
7 − 8 ⱨ 2 ⎜ ⎟ − 5 + 5⎜ ⎟ 14 14
⎝7⎠ ⎝7⎠ = 9
5 5
8 35 20
−1 ⱨ − +
7 7 7 13. (3 y2 + 8 y − 1) − (3 y2 + 2) = 5
7
−1 ⱨ − 3y2 + 8y − 1 − 3y2 − 2 = 5
7
−1 = −1 9 8y − 3 = 5
+ +3 +3
8y = 8
8y 8
=
8 8
y =1

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

Check: (3 y2 + 8 y − 1) − (3 y 2 + 2) = 5 Check:
x x
+ =5
2 2
[3(1) + 8(1) − 1] − [3(1) + 2] ⱨ 5 9 6
18 18
[3 + 8 − 1] − [3 + 2] ⱨ 5 + ⱨ5
10 − 5 ⱨ 5 9 6
2+3ⱨ5
5=59
5=59
7.4 Exercises
x x
10. − =2
x x 3 5
2. To solve − = −6, we multiply each term by LCD = 15
4 2
4, so that we clear the fractions. ⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x⎞
15 ⎜ ⎟ − 15 ⎜ ⎟ = 15(2)
⎝3⎠ ⎝5⎠
4.
x x
+ =8 5 x − 3x = 30
5 3 2 x = 30
x x 2 x 30
15 ⋅ + 15 ⋅ = 15 ⋅ 8 =
5 3 2 2
3 x + 5 x = 120 x = 15
8 x = 120 x x
Check: − =2
x = 15 3 5
15 15
− ⱨ2
x x 3 5
6. + =4 5−3ⱨ 2
3 9
2=29
LCD = 9
⎛ x⎞ ⎛x⎞
9 ⎜ ⎟ + 9 ⎜ ⎟ = 9(4) 1 2
⎝3⎠ ⎝9⎠ 12. 2 x + =
4 3
3 x + x = 36
LCD = 12
4 x = 36
⎛1⎞ ⎛2⎞
4 x 36 12(2 x ) + 12 ⎜ ⎟ = 12 ⎜ ⎟
= ⎝4⎠ ⎝3⎠
4 4
x=9 24 x + 3 = 8
+ −3 −3
x x
Check: + = 4 24 x = 5
3 9
24 x 5
9 9
+ ⱨ4 =
24 24
3 9
5
3 +1 ⱨ 4 x=
4=49 24
1 2
Check: 2x + =
x x 4 3
8. + =5 ⎛ 5 ⎞ 1 2
9 6 2⎜ ⎟ + ⱨ
LCD = 18 ⎝ 24 ⎠ 4 3
⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x⎞ 5 3 2
18 ⎜ ⎟ + 18 ⎜ ⎟ = 18(5) + ⱨ
⎝ ⎠
9 ⎝6⎠ 12 12 3
2 x + 3 x = 90 8 2
ⱨ
5 x = 90 12 3
2 2
5 x 90
= = 9
5 5 3 3
x = 18

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

2 1 1 1
14. 3 x + = 18. −3 x + =
5 2 4 3
LCD = 10 LCD = 12
⎛2⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
10(3 x ) + 10 ⎜ ⎟ = 10 ⎜ ⎟ 12(−3 x ) + 12 ⎜ ⎟ = 12 ⎜ ⎟
⎝5⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝3⎠
30 x + 4 = 5 −36 x + 3 = 4
+ −4 −4 + −3 −3
30 x = 1 −36 x = 1
30 x 1 −36 x 1
= =
30 30 −36 −36
1 1
x= x=−
30 36
2 1 1 1
Check: 3x + = Check: −3 x + =
5 2 4 3
⎛ 1 ⎞ 2 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 1
3⎜ ⎟ + ⱨ −3 ⎜ − ⎟ + ⱨ
⎝ 30 ⎠ 5 2 ⎝ 36 ⎠ 4 3
1 4 1 1 3 1
+ ⱨ + ⱨ
10 10 2 12 12 3
5 1 4 1
ⱨ ⱨ
10 2 12 3
1 1 1 1
= 9 = 9
2 2 3 3

1 1 1 1
16. 3 x −= 20. −2 x + =
3 9 5 10
LCD = 9 LCD = 10
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
9(3 x ) − 9 ⎜ ⎟ = 9 ⎜ ⎟ 10(−2 x ) + 10 ⎜ ⎟ = 10 ⎜ ⎟
⎝3⎠ ⎝9⎠ ⎝5⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
27 x − 3 = 1 −20 x + 2 = 1
+ 3 3 + −2 −2
27 x = 4 −20 x = −1
27 x 4 −20 x −1
= =
27 27 −20 −20
4 1
x= x=
27 20
1 1 1 1
Check: 3x − = Check: −2 x + =
3 9 5 10
⎛ 4 ⎞ 1 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 1
3⎜ ⎟ − ⱨ −2 ⎜ ⎟ + ⱨ
⎝ 27 ⎠ 3 9 ⎝ 20 ⎠ 5 10
4 3 1 1 2 1
− ⱨ − + ⱨ
9 9 9 10 10 10
1 1 1 1
= 9 = 9
9 9 10 10

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

x x
22. +x=5 Check: − 4x = 4
4 5
LCD = 4 ( − 1920 ) − 4 ⎛ − 20 ⎞ ⱨ 4
⎛x⎞ ⎜ ⎟
4 ⎜ ⎟ + 4( x ) = 4(5) 5 ⎝ 19 ⎠
⎝4⎠ 4 80
x + 4 x = 20 − + ⱨ4
19 19
5 x = 20 76
5 x 20 ⱨ4
= 19
5 5 4=49
x=4
x x
Check: + x = 5 28. − 4x = 5
4 3
4
+4ⱨ5 LCD = 3
4 ⎛x⎞
1+ 4 ⱨ 5 3 ⎜ ⎟ − 3(4 x ) = 3(5)
5=59 ⎝3⎠
x − 12 x = 15
−11x = 15
x
24. +x=7 −11x 15
6 =
−11 −11
LCD = 6 15
⎛x⎞ x=−
6 ⎜ ⎟ + 6( x) = 6(7) 11
⎝6⎠
x
x + 6 x = 42 Check: − 4x = 5
7 x = 42 3
7 x 42
=
( )
− 15
11 ⎛ 15 ⎞
− 4⎜− ⎟ ⱨ 5
7 7 3 ⎝ 11 ⎠
x=6 5 60
x − + ⱨ5
Check: + x = 7 11 11
6 55
6 ⱨ5
+6ⱨ7 11
6 5=59
1+ 6 ⱨ 7
7=79 1 1
30. 5 x + =
2 4
x LCD = 4
26. − 4x = 4
5 ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
4(5 x ) + 4 ⎜ ⎟ = 4 ⎜ ⎟
LCD = 5 ⎝ ⎠
2 ⎝4⎠
⎛ x⎞ 20 x + 2 = 1
5 ⎜ ⎟ − 5(4 x) = 5(4)
⎝5⎠ + −2 −2
x − 20 x = 20 20 x = −1
−19 x = 20 20 x −1
−19 x 20 =
= 20 20
−19 −19 1
20 x=−
x=− 20
19

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

1 1 1 x 2
Check: 5x + = 36. + =
2 4 9 6 3
⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 1 LCD = 18
5⎜ − ⎟ + ⱨ
⎝ 20 ⎠ 2 4 ⎛1⎞ ⎛x⎞ ⎛2⎞
18 ⎜ ⎟ + 18 ⎜ ⎟ = 18 ⎜ ⎟
1 2 1
− + ⱨ ⎝9⎠ ⎝6⎠ ⎝3⎠
4 4 4 2 + 3 x = 12
1 1
= 9 + −2 −2
4 4 3 x = 10
3 x 10
x =
32. +x=6 3 3
5 10
x=
LCD = 5 3
⎛x⎞ 1 x 2
5 ⎜ ⎟ + 5 x = 5(6) Check: + =
⎝5⎠ 9 6 3
x + 5 x = 30
6 x = 30
1 ( 10 )
+ 3 ⱨ
2
6 x 30 9 6 3
= 1 5 2
6 6 + ⱨ
x=5 9 9 3
6 2
x ⱨ
Check: + x = 6 9 3
5 2 2
5 = 9
+5ⱨ 6 3 3
5
1+ 5 ⱨ 6
2 x 1
6=69 38. + =
7 14 2
LCD = 14
x x
34. − =6 ⎛2⎞ ⎛ x ⎞ ⎛1⎞
5 10 14 ⎜ ⎟ + 14 ⎜ ⎟ = 14 ⎜ ⎟
LCD = 10 ⎝7⎠ ⎝ 14 ⎠ ⎝2⎠
4+x = 7
⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x⎞
10 ⎜ ⎟ − 10 ⎜ ⎟ = 10(6) + −4 −4
⎝ ⎠
5 ⎝ 10 ⎠ x =3
2 x − x = 60
x = 60 2 x 1
Check: + =
x x 7 14 2
Check: − =6 2 3 1
5 10 + ⱨ
60 60 7 14 2
− ⱨ6 4 3 1
5 10 + ⱨ
12 − 6 ⱨ 6 14 14 2
6=69 7 1
ⱨ
14 2
1 1
= 9
2 2

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

x 4 2 2⎛ x ⎞ 1 1
− =− −1 + =
3 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 4 6
40. 46.
3 5 5
LCD = 15 2x 2 1 1
− + =
⎛x⎞ ⎛4⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ 6 3 4 6
15 ⎜ ⎟ − 15 ⎜ ⎟ = 15 ⎜ − ⎟
⎝3⎠ ⎝5⎠ ⎝ 5⎠ LCD = 12
5 x − 12 = −6 ⎛ 2x ⎞ ⎛2⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
12 ⎜ ⎟ − 12 ⎜ ⎟ + 12 ⎜ ⎟ = 12 ⎜ ⎟
+ 12 12 ⎝ ⎠6 ⎝ ⎠
3 ⎝ ⎠
4 ⎝6⎠
5x = 6 4x − 8 + 3 = 2
5x 6 4x − 5 = 2
=
5 5 + +5 +5
6 4x =7
x=
5 4x 7
=
x 4 2 4 4
Check: − =− 7
3 5 5 x=
( 65 ) − 4 ⱨ − 2 4
3 5 5 Cumulative Review
2 4 2
− ⱨ−
5 5 5 47. Six more than twice a number: 6 + 2x or 2x + 6
2 2
− =− 9 48. Twelve less than some number: x − 12
5 5
49. The sum of 4 and x: 4 + x
3 2 1
42. 2 x + + 3 = + 50. Two times the sum of 5 and y: 2(5 + y)
4 3 6
LCD = 12 1 1 1⋅ 4 1⋅3 4 3 7
⎛3⎞ ⎛2⎞ ⎛1⎞ 51. + = + = + =
12(2 x ) + 12 ⎜ ⎟ + 12(3) = 12 ⎜ ⎟ + 12 ⎜ ⎟ 3 4 3 ⋅ 4 4 ⋅ 3 12 12 12
⎝ ⎠
4 ⎝ ⎠
3 ⎝6⎠ 7
24 x + 9 + 36 = 8 + 2 The first and second partners own of the
24 x + 45 = 10 12
restaurant.
+ − 45 − 45
7 12 7 5
24 x = −35 1− = − =
24 x −35 12 12 12 12
= 5
24 24 The third partner owns of the restaurant.
35 12
x=−
24 1 1
52. 4 = 4
4 3 7 4 4
44. 2 + + = 1⋅ 2 2
x 5 2x +3 =+3
2⋅2 4
LCD = 10x 3
⎛4⎞ ⎛3⎞ ⎛ 7 ⎞ 7 lb
10 x (2) + 10 x ⎜ ⎟ + 10 x ⎜ ⎟ = 10 x ⎜ ⎟ 4
⎝x⎠ ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ 2x ⎠ 4
20 x + 40 + 6 x = 35 11 = 10
26 x + 40 = 35 4
3 3
+ − 40 − 40 −7 = − 7
4 4
26 x = −5
1
26 x −5 3 lb
= 4
26 26
5 1
x=− The boxer needs to lose 3 pounds the third
26 4
week.

184 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

Classroom Quiz 7.4 z

3. + z = 18
8
x x
1. + = 14 LCD = 8
4 3 ⎛z⎞
LCD = 12 8 ⎜ ⎟ + 8( z ) = 8(18)
⎝8⎠
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞ z + 8z = 144
12 ⎜ ⎟ + 12 ⎜ ⎟ = 12(14)
⎝ ⎠
4 ⎝3⎠ 9z = 144
3 x + 4 x = 168 9 z 144
7 x = 168 =
9 9
7 x 168 z = 16
=
7 7 z
x = 24 Check: + z = 18
8
x x 16
Check: + = 14 + 16 ⱨ 18
4 3 8
24 24 2 + 16 ⱨ 18
+ ⱨ 14
4 3 18 = 18 9
6 + 8 ⱨ 14
14 = 14 9 7.5 Understanding the Concept
Forming Equations
2 1
2. 2 y + = 1. The next two numbers in the sequence x are 7
7 14
LCD = 14 and 8.
x is: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ...
⎛2⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
14(2 y) + 14 ⎜ ⎟ = 14 ⎜ ⎟ We evaluate 72 = 49 and 82 = 64 to find the
⎝ ⎠
7 ⎝ 14 ⎠
next two values of y.
28 y + 4 = 1
y is: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, ...
+−4 −4
28 y = −3 7.5 Exercises
28 y −3
= 2. a. If five times a number is increased by nine,
28 28
3 the result is nineteen: 5n + 9 = 19.
y=−
28 b. 5n + 9 = 19
2 1 + −9 −9
Check: 2y + =
7 14 5n = 10
⎛ 3 ⎞ 2 1
2⎜− ⎟ + ⱨ 5n 10
=
⎝ 28 ⎠ 7 14 5 5
3 4
− + ⱨ
1 n=2
14 14 14
1 1 4. a. If triple a number is decreased by seven, the
= 9
14 14 result is five:
3n − 7 = 5.

b. 3n − 7 = 5
+ 7 7
3n = 12
3n 12
=
3 3
n=4

6. a. If the sum of 6 and a number is multiplied

by 3, the result is 33: 3(6 + n) = 33.

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

b. 3(6 + n) = 33 b. W = x + 5 = 5 + 5 = 10
18 + 3n = 33 The width will be 10 feet.
+ − 18 − 18
16. a. L = 20 + x, W = 15, A = 450
3n = 15
A = LW
3n 15
= 450 = (20 + x )(15)
3 3 450 = 300 + 15 x
n=5
+ − 300 − 300
8. P = 2 L + 2W 150 = 15 x
66 = 2( x + 6) + 2(11) 150 15 x
=
66 = 2 x + 12 + 22 15 15
10 = x
66 = 2 x + 34
+ − 34 − 34 The length should be enlarged 10 inches.
32 = 2 x
b. L = 20 + x = 20 + 10 = 30
32 2 x
= The length will be 30 inches.
2 2
16 = x 18. a. We are comparing the salesclerk’s salary to
The value of x is 16 meters. Lena’s salary, so we let the variable L
represent Lena’s salary.
10. The perimeter is the sum of the lengths of the Lena’s salary = L
sides. The salesclerk earns $6200 less than Lena.
x + ( x + 2) + ( x + 4) = 24 Salesclerk’s salary = L − 6200
3 x + 6 = 24
+ −6 −6 b. The sum of the salaries is $58,000.
3 x = 18 L + (L − 6200) = 58,000
3 x 18 L + ( L − 6200) = 58, 000
= c.
3 3 2 L − 6200 = 58, 000
x=6
+ 6200 6, 200
First side: x = 6 dm 2 L = 64, 200
Second side: x + 2 = 6 + 2 = 8 dm
2 L 64, 200
Third side: x + 4 = 6 + 4 = 10 dm =
2 2
12. A = LW L = 32,100
180 = (3 x )(6) L − 6200 = 32,100 − 6200 = 25,900
180 = 18 x Lena’s salary is $32,100, and the clerk’s
180 18 x salary is $25,900.
=
18 18 d. $32,100 + $25, 900 ⱨ $58, 000
10 = x
$58, 000 = $58, 000 9
x = 10 in.

14. a. L = 12, W = x + 5, P = 44 20. a. We are comparing the distance Andrew

P = 2 L + 2W walked to the distance Dave walked, so we
let the variable D represent the number of
44 = 2(12) + 2( x + 5)
miles Dave walked.
44 = 24 + 2 x + 10 Miles Dave walked = D
44 = 34 + 2 x Andrew walked 4 miles less than Dave.
+ − 34 − 34 Miles Andrew walked = D − 4
10 = 2 x
10 2 x b. Together they walked 34 miles.
= D + (D − 4) = 34
2 2
5= x
The width should be enlarged 5 feet.

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

c. D + ( D − 4) = 34 24. a. We are comparing the lengths of the second

2 D − 4 = 34 and third sides of the triangle to the length
+ 4 4 of the first side, so we let the variable f
2 D = 38 represent the length of the first side.
Length of first side = f
2 D 38
= The second side is 10 inches shorter than
2 2 double the first.
D = 19 Length of second side = 2f − 10
D − 4 = 19 − 4 = 15 The third side is two inches longer than the
Dave walked 19 miles, and Andrew walked first.
15 miles. Length of third side = f + 2

d. 19 mi + 15 mi ⱨ 34 mi b. The perimeter is 24 inches.

34 mi = 34 mi 9 f + (2f − 10) + (f + 2) = 24

22. a. We are comparing the number of songs c. f + (2 f − 10) + ( f + 2) = 24

Sheila downloaded on her laptop to the 4 f − 8 = 24
number of songs she downloaded on her cell + 8 8
phone, so we let the variable c represent the 4 f = 32
number of songs she downloaded on her cell 4 f 32
phone. =
Number of songs downloaded on cell phone 4 4
f =8
=c
The number of songs she downloaded on 2f − 10 = 2(8) − 10 = 16 − 10 = 6
her laptop is half of the number downloaded f + 2 = 8 + 2 = 10
on her cell phone. The length of the first side is 8 inches, the
Number of songs downloaded on laptop length of the second side is 6 inches, and the
1 length of the third side is 10 inches.
= c
2 d. 8 + 6 + 10 ⱨ 24
24 = 24 9
b. The total number of songs downloaded is
324.
26. a. We are comparing the length of the
⎛1 ⎞ c
c + ⎜ c ⎟ = 324 or c + = 324 rectangle to its width, so we let the variable
⎝2 ⎠ 2 W represent the width of the rectangle.
Width = W
c The length is 2 feet less than double the
c. c+ = 324
2 width.
LCD = 2 Length = 2W − 2
⎛c⎞
2(c) + 2 ⎜ ⎟ = 2(324) b. The perimeter is 74 feet.
⎝2⎠ 2(2W − 2) + 2W = 74
2c + c = 648
3c = 648 c. 2(2W − 2) + 2W = 74
3c 648
= 4W − 4 + 2W = 74
c 3 6W − 4 = 74
c = 216 + 4 4
1 1 6W = 78
c = (216) = 108
2 2 6W 78
=
Sheila downloaded 216 songs on her cell 6 6
phone and 108 songs on her laptop. W = 13
d. 108 + 216 ⱨ 324 2W − 2 = 2(13) − 2 = 26 − 2 = 24
The width is 13 feet, and the length is
324 = 324 9
24 feet.

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

d. 2(24 ft) + 2(13 ft) ⱨ 74 ft squared.

48 ft + 26 ft ⱨ 74 ft 3s = s 2 or 3 ⋅ s = s ⋅ s
74 ft = 74 ft 9 If s = 3, the statement is true since 3 ⋅ 3 = 3 ⋅ 3.
The length of each side is 3 feet.
28. a. We are comparing the numbers of skiers on
the beginner and advanced slopes to the 34. a. The values of x are decreasing by 5. To find
number on the intermediate slopes, so we let the value of x that follows 10, we subtract 5
the variable s represent the number of skiers from 10: 10 − 5 = 5. To find the value of x
on the intermediate slopes. that follows 0, we subtract 5 from 0:
Number of skiers on the intermediate slopes 0 − 5 = −5. The missing values of x are 5
=s and −5.
There were 38 fewer skiers on the beginner
slopes than on the intermediate slopes. b. 25 − 6 = 19, 20 − 6 = 14, 15 − 6 = 9, ...
Number of skiers on the beginner slopes Each value of y is 6 less than the
= s − 38 corresponding value of x; we subtract 6
There were 140 more skiers on the advanced from each x to obtain y.
slopes than on the intermediate slopes.
Number of skiers on the advanced slopes c. x−6=y
= s + 140
d. 5 − 6 = −1, −5 − 6 = −11, and −50 − 6 = −56
b. The total number of skiers that day was 372. The missing values of y are −1, −11, and
s + (s − 38) + (s + 140) = 372 −56.
c. s + (s − 38) + (s + 140) = 372 36. a. The values of x are increasing by 1. To find
3s + 102 = 372 the value of x that follows 5, we add 1 to 5:
+ − 102 − 102 5 + 1 = 6. To find the value of x that follows
3s = 270 7, we add 1 to 7: 7 + 1 = 8. The missing
3s 270 values of x are 6 and 8.
=
3 3
s = 90 b. 22 − 1 = 3, 32 − 1 = 8, 42 − 1, ...
s − 38 = 90 − 38 = 52 Each value of y is one less than the square of
s + 140 = 90 + 140 = 230 the corresponding value of x; we square
There were 90 skiers on the intermediate each x and then subtract 1 to obtain y.
slopes, 52 skiers on the beginner slopes, and
230 skiers on the advanced slopes. c. x2 − 1 = y
d. 90 + 52 + 230 ⱨ 372
372 = 372 9 d. 62 − 1 = 36 − 1 = 35, 82 − 1 = 64 − 1 = 63, and
20 2 − 1 = 400 − 1 = 399
30. The angle measures are equal. The missing values of y are 35, 63, and 399.
2 x + 27 = 5 x
+ − 2x − 2x Cumulative Review
27 = 3x
27 3 x 1
= 37. The length will not change: 13 in.
3 3 2
9=x The width will be one-half of the current width.
1 1 1 27 27 3
⋅ 13 = ⋅ = = 6 in.
32. Let the variable represent the length of one of 2 2 2 2 4 4
the sides of the equilateral triangle. The height will be double the current height.
Length of a side = s 5 5 1
The perimeter is the sum of the lengths of the 2 ⋅ = = 1 in.
8 4 4
sides, each measuring s.
Perimeter = s + s + s = 3s
The perimeter is equal to the length of a side
188 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

1 3 2. The sum of the costs of the dinners is $58.

The dimensions are 13 in. by 6 in. by x + (x − 12) = 58
2 4
1 3. x + ( x − 12) = 58
1 in.
4 2 x − 12 = 58
+ 12 12
38. a. The length is the length of 4 bricks and
2 x = 70
3 grout seams.
2 x 70
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛3⎞ ⎛ 33 ⎞ 9 =
4 ⎜8 ⎟ + 3⎜ ⎟ = 4 ⎜ ⎟ + 2 2
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ 4 x = 35
1
= 33 + 2 x − 12 = 35 − 12 = 23
4 The lobster dinner costs $35, and the prime rib
1
= 35 in. dinner costs $23.
4
The width is the width of 3 bricks and Career Exploration Problems
3 grout seams.
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛3⎞ ⎛ 15 ⎞ 9 1. The cost for producing x travel cases is equal to
3⎜ 3 ⎟ + 3⎜ ⎟ = 3⎜ ⎟ + two times the number of cases produced plus
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
4 4 ⎝4⎠ 4 fifty: C = 2x + 50.
45 9 The revenue from selling x travel cases is equal
= +
4 4 to three times the number of cases produced
=
54 minus five: R = 3x − 5.
4 Profit = Revenue − Cost
27 P = (3x − 5) − (2 x + 50)
=
2 = 3 x − 5 − 2 x − 50
1
= 13 in. = x − 55
2
1 2. Let C = 2750.
The length is 35 inches, and the width is 2750 = 2 x + 50
4
+ − 50 − 50
1
13 inches. 2700 = 2 x
2
2700 2 x
=
b. P = 2 L + 2W 2 2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 1350 = x
= 2 ⎜ 35 ⎟ + 2 ⎜ 13 ⎟ They can produce 1350 cases for a cost of
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
$2750.
⎛ 141 ⎞ ⎛ 27 ⎞
= 2⎜ ⎟ + 2⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 3. Find the revenue from selling 1350 cases.
=
141
+ 27 R = 3x − 5 = 3(1350) − 5 = 4050 − 5 = 4045
2 The revenue from selling 1350 cases is $4045.
1
= 70 + 27 4. P = R − C = 4045 − 2750 = 1295
2
1 The profit from making and selling 1350 cases is
= 97 in. $1295.
2
Classroom Quiz 7.5 5. 3x − 5 = 2 x + 50
+ − 2x − 2x
1. We are comparing the cost of the prime rib x−5 = 50
dinner to the cost of the lobster dinner, so we let + +5 +5
the variable x represent the cost of the lobster x = 55
dinner.
Cost of lobster dinner = x They must produce and sell 55 cases to break
The prime rib is $12 less than the lobster. even.
Cost of prime rib dinner = x − 12

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 189

Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

You Try It 5. −3(8 x − 2) = 2(7 x + 1) + 23

−24 x + 6 = 14 x + 2 + 23
1. −1 − 6 = 9 x + 5 − 8 x − 2 −24 x + 6 = 14 x + 25
−7 = x + 3 + + 24 x + 24 x
+ −3 −3 6 = 38 x + 25
−10 = x + − 25 − 25
Check: −1 − 6 = 9 x + 5 − 8 x − 2 −19 = 38 x
−1 − 6 ⱨ 9(−10) + 5 − 8(−10) − 2 −19 38 x
−7 ⱨ − 90 + 5 + 80 − 2 =
38 38
−7 = −7 9 1
− =x
2
y
2. = 22 − 8
−3 1 2
6. 2 x + =
y 3 7
= 4−8
−3 The LCD is 21.
y 1 2
= −4 (21)2 x + (21) ⋅ = (21) ⋅
−3 3 7
−3 y 42 x + 7 = 6
= −4(−3)
−3 + −7 −7
y = 12 42 x = −1
42 x −1
15 =
3. − = −2(4 x) + 10 x 42 42
5 1
−3 = −8 x + 10 x x=−
42
−3 = 2 x
−3 2 x Chapter 7 Review Problems
=
2 2
3 1. x − 5 = 37
− =x
2 + 5 5
x = 42
4. 6x − 4 = 3 + 8x + 7 Check: x − 5 = 37
6 x − 4 = 8 x + 10 42 − 5 ⱨ 37
+ − 6x − 6x 37 = 37 9
−4 = 2 x + 10
+ − 10 − 10 2. 2(3x) = −36
−14 = 2 x 6 x = −36
−14 2 x 6 x −36
= =
2 2 6 6
−7 = x x = −6
Check: 6 x − 4 = 3 + 8x + 7 Check: 2(3x) = −36
6(−7) − 4 ⱨ 3 + 8(−7) + 7 2[3(−6)] ⱨ − 36
−42 − 4 ⱨ 3 + (−56) + 7 2[ −18] ⱨ − 36
−46 = −46 9 −36 = −36 9

3. −15 − 20 = 3 x + 13 − 2 x
− 35 = 3 x + 13 − 2 x
− 35 = x + 13
+ − 13 − 13
− 48 = x or x = −48

190 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

Check: −15 − 20 = 3 x + 13 − 2 x 6
−15 − 20 ⱨ 3(−48) + 13 − 2(−48) Check: a = 22 − 1
7
−35 ⱨ − 144 + 13 + 96 6⎛7⎞ 2
−35 = −35 9 ⎜ ⎟ ⱨ 2 −1
7⎝2⎠
6
y ⱨ 4 −1
4. = −8 + 32 2
−2 3=39
y
= −8 + 9
−2 18
y 7. −3 x + 2(4 x ) =
=1 −2
−2 18
−2 ⋅ y −3 x + 8 x =
= 1 ⋅ (−2) −2
−2 18
y = −2 5x =
−2
y 5x = −9
Check: = −8 + 32
−2 5x −9
=
−2 5 5
ⱨ − 8 + 32
−2 9
1 ⱨ −8+ 9 x =−
5
1=1 9 18
Check: −3 x + 2(4 x ) =
−2
x ⎛ 9⎞ ⎡ ⎛ 9 ⎞ ⎤ 18
5. −5 + 22 = −3 ⎜ − ⎟ + 2 ⎢ 4 ⎜ − ⎟ ⎥ ⱨ
−5
x
⎝ 5⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎦ −2
−5 + 4 = 27 72
−5 − ⱨ −9
x 5 5
−1 = 45
−5 − ⱨ −9
−5 ⋅ x 5
−1(−5) = −9 = −9 9
−5
5 = x or x = 5
8. − x = −18
x
Check: −5 + 22 = −1x = −18
−5 −1x −18
5 =
−5 + 2 2 ⱨ −1 −1
−5 x = 18
−5 + 4 ⱨ − 1 Check: − x = −18
−1 = −1 9 −(18) ⱨ − 18
−18 = −18 9
6
6. a = 22 − 1
7 3
6 9. −y =
a = 4 −1 4
7 3
6 −1 y =
a=3 4
7 3
7 ⎛6 ⎞ 7 −1y
⋅⎜ a⎟ = ⋅3 = 4
6 ⎝7 ⎠ 6 −1 −1
3
7 y=−
a= 4
2

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

3 Check: 14 = 10 − 4 x
Check: −y = 14 ⱨ 10 − 4(−1)
4
⎛ 3⎞ 3 14 ⱨ 10 + 4
−⎜ − ⎟ ⱨ 14 = 14 9
⎝ 4⎠ 4
3 3
= 9 14. 1 − 4 y = 19
4 4
+ −1 −1
10. 6 x − 8 = 34 −4 y = 18
+ 8 8 −4 y 18
=
6 x = 42 −4 −4
6 x 42 9
= y=−
6 6 2
x=7 Check: 1 − 4 y = 19
Check: 6 x − 8 = 34 ⎛ 9⎞
1 − 4 ⎜ − ⎟ ⱨ 19
6(7) − 8 ⱨ 34 ⎝ 2⎠
42 − 8 ⱨ 34 1 + 18 = 19
34 = 34 9 19 = 19 9

11. −2 y + 16 = 58 15. 8 x − 7 − 5 x = 15
+ − 16 − 16 3 x − 7 = 15
−2 y = 42 + 7 7
−2 y 42 3 x = 22
=
−2 −2 3 x 22
=
y = −21 3 3
Check: −2 y + 16 = 58 x=
22
−2(−21) + 16 ⱨ 58 3
42 + 16 ⱨ 58 Check: 8 x − 7 − 5 x = 15
58 = 58 9 ⎛ 22 ⎞ ⎛ 22 ⎞
8 ⎜ ⎟ − 7 − 5 ⎜ ⎟ ⱨ 15
⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠
12. − 20 = 8 − 7 y 176 21 110
+ −8 −8 − − ⱨ 15
3 3 3
− 28 = − 7 y 45
−28 −7 y ⱨ 15
= 3
−7 −7 15 = 15 9
4 = y or y = 4
Check: −20 = 8 − 7 y 16. − 6 x = 9 x + 36
−20 ⱨ 8 − 7(4) + − 9x − 9x
−20 ⱨ 8 − 28 − 15 x = 36
−20 = −20 9 −15 x 36
=
−15 −15
13. 14 = 10 − 4 x 12
x=−
+ − 10 − 10 5
4 = − 4x Check: −6 x = 9 x + 36
4 −4 x ⎛ 12 ⎞ ⎛ 12 ⎞
= −6 ⎜ − ⎟ ⱨ 9 ⎜ − ⎟ + 36
−4 −4 ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ 5⎠
− 1 = x or x = −1 72 108 180
ⱨ− +
5 5 5
72 72
= 9
5 5

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

17. 5 x = 2 x + 30
+ − 2x − 2x
3x = 30
3 x 30
=
3 3
x = 10
Check: 5 x = 2 x + 30
5(10) ⱨ 2(10) + 30
50 ⱨ 20 + 30
50 = 50 9

18. 3x − 8 − 5 x = 6
−2 x − 8 = 6
+ 8 8
−2 x = 14
−2 x 14
=
−2 −2
x = −7
Check: 3x − 8 − 5 x = 6
3(−7) − 8 − 5(−7) ⱨ 6
−21 − 8 + 35 ⱨ 6
6=69

19. −3 + 2 y + 6 = −4 y + 12
2 y + 3 = −4 y + 12
+ 4y 4y
6y + 3 = 12
+ −3 −3
6y = 9
6y 9
=
6 6
3
y=
2
Check: −3 + 2 y + 6 = −4 y + 12
⎛3⎞ ⎛3⎞
−3 + 2 ⎜ ⎟ + 6 ⱨ − 4 ⎜ ⎟ + 12
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠
−3 + 3 + 6 ⱨ − 6 + 12
6=69

20. 6 y − 8 + 2 y = −6 + 9 y
8 y − 8 = −6 + 9 y
+ − 9y − 9y
− y − 8 = −6
+ 8 8
−y = 2
−y 2
=
−1 −1
y = −2

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

Check: 6 y − 8 + 2 y = −6 + 9 y
6(−2) − 8 + 2(−2) ⱨ − 6 + 9(−2)
−12 − 8 − 4 ⱨ − 6 − 18
−24 = −24 9

21. 8 x − 9 − 5 x + 18 = −3 x − 2 + 2 x
3x + 9 = − x − 2
+ x x
4x + 9 = −2
+ −9 −9
4x = − 11
4 x −11
=
4 4
11
x=−
4
Check: 8 x − 9 − 5 x + 18 = −3 x − 2 + 2 x
⎛ 11 ⎞ ⎛ 11 ⎞ ⎛ 11 ⎞ ⎛ 11 ⎞
8 ⎜ − ⎟ − 9 − 5 ⎜ − ⎟ + 18 ⱨ − 3 ⎜ − ⎟ − 2 + 2 ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
88 36 55 72 33 8 22
− − + + ⱨ − −
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
3 3
= 9
4 4

22. −3 x − 2 − 9 x + 5 = 2 x + 8 − 7 x
− 12 x + 3 = −5 x + 8
+ 5x 5x
− 7x + 3 = 8
+ −3 −3
− 7x = 5
−7 x 5
=
−7 −7
5
x=−
7
Check: −3 x − 2 − 9 x + 5 = 2 x + 8 − 7 x
⎛ 5⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ ⎛ 5⎞
−3 ⎜ − ⎟ − 2 − 9 ⎜ − ⎟ + 5 ⱨ 2 ⎜ − ⎟ + 8 − 7 ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 7⎠ ⎝ 7⎠ ⎝ 7⎠ ⎝ 7⎠
15 14 45 35 10 56 35
− + + ⱨ− + +
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
81 81
= 9
7 7

23. −3( x + 5) = 21
−3 x − 15 = 21
+ 15 15
−3 x = 36
−3 x 36
=
−3 −3
x = −12

194 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

Check: −3( x + 5) = 21
−3(−12 + 5) ⱨ 21
−3(−7) ⱨ 21
21 = 21 9

24. 4(2 x + 9) + 5 x = −3
8 x + 36 + 5 x = −3
13 x + 36 = − 3
+ − 36 − 36
13 x = −39
13 x −39
=
13 13
x = −3
Check: 4(2 x + 9) + 5 x = −3
4[2(−3) + 9] + 5(−3) ⱨ − 3
4(−6 + 9) − 15 ⱨ − 3
4(3) − 15 ⱨ − 3
12 − 15 ⱨ − 3
−3 = −3 9

25. 7( x + 1) + 3( x + 1) = −10
7 x + 7 + 3 x + 3 = −10
10 x + 10 = −10
+ − 10 − 10
10 x = −20
10 x −20
=
10 10
x = −2
Check: 7( x + 1) + 3( x + 1) = −10
7(−2 + 1) + 3(−2 + 1) ⱨ − 10
7(−1) + 3(−1) ⱨ − 10
−7 − 3 ⱨ − 10
−10 = −10 9

26. − 3( x − 7) = 5( x + 6) − 10
− 3 x + 21 = 5 x + 30 − 10
− 3 x + 21 = 5 x + 20
+ − 5x − 5x
− 8 x + 21 = 20
+ − 21 21
− 8x = −1
−8 x −1
=
−8 −8
1
x=
8

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

Check: −3( x − 7) = 5( x + 6) − 10
⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞
−3 ⎜ − 7 ⎟ ⱨ 5 ⎜ + 6 ⎟ − 10
⎝8 ⎠ ⎝8 ⎠
⎛ 1 56 ⎞ ⎛ 1 48 ⎞ 80
−3 ⎜ − ⎟ ⱨ 5 ⎜ + ⎟ −
⎝8 8 ⎠ ⎝8 8 ⎠ 8
⎛ 55 ⎞ ⎛ 49 ⎞ 80
−3 ⎜ − ⎟ ⱨ 5 ⎜ ⎟ −
⎝ 8 ⎠ ⎝ 8 ⎠ 8
165 245 80
ⱨ −
8 8 8
165 165
= 9
8 8

27. (9 y 2 + 8 y − 2) − (9 y 2 + 5 y − 1) = 14
9 y 2 + 8 y − 2 − 9 y 2 − 5 y + 1 = 14
3 y − 1 = 14
+ 1 1
3y = 15
3 y 15
=
3 3
y=5
Check: (9 y2 + 8 y − 2) − (9 y2 + 5 y − 1) = 14
(9 ⋅ 52 + 8 ⋅ 5 − 2) − (9 ⋅ 52 + 5 ⋅ 5 − 1) ⱨ 14
(9 ⋅ 25 + 40 − 2) − (9 ⋅ 25 + 25 − 1) ⱨ 14
(225 + 40 − 2) − (225 + 25 − 1) ⱨ 14
263 − 249 ⱨ 14
14 = 14 9

28. (5 x 2 + x − 2) − (5 x 2 − 5) = 6 x + 9
5 x 2 + x − 2 − 5x 2 + 5 = 6 x + 9
x + 3 = 6x + 9
+ − 6x − 6x
− 5x + 3 = 9
+ −3 −3
− 5x = 6
−5 x 6
=
−5 −5
6
x=−
5

196 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

Check: (5 x 2 + x − 2) − (5 x 2 − 5) = 6 x + 9
⎡ ⎛ 6 ⎞2 ⎛ 6 ⎞ ⎤ ⎡ ⎛ 6 ⎞2 ⎤ ⎛ 6⎞
⎢5 ⎜ − ⎟ + ⎜ − ⎟ − 2 ⎥ − ⎢5 ⎜ − ⎟ − 5⎥ ⱨ 6 ⎜ − ⎟ + 9
⎢⎣ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ ⎝ 5 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎝ 5⎠
⎡ ⎛ 36 ⎞ 6 ⎤ ⎡ ⎛ 36 ⎞ ⎤ 36 45
⎢5 ⎜ 25 ⎟ − 5 − 2 ⎥ − ⎢5 ⎜ 25 ⎟ − 5⎥ ⱨ − 5 + 5
⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎦
⎛ 36 6 10 ⎞ ⎛ 36 25 ⎞ 9
⎜ 5 − 5 − 5 ⎟−⎜ 5 − 5 ⎟ ⱨ 5
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
20 11 9
− ⱨ
5 5 5
9 9
= 9
5 5

x x
29. + =7
3 4
LCD = 12
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞
12 ⎜ ⎟ + 12 ⎜ ⎟ = 12(7)
⎝ ⎠
3 ⎝4⎠
4 x + 3 x = 84
7 x = 84
7 x 84
=
7 7
x = 12
x x
Check: + =7
3 4
12 12
+ ⱨ7
3 4
4+3ⱨ 7
7=79

x x
30. − =6
5 2
LCD = 10
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞
10 ⎜ ⎟ − 10 ⎜ ⎟ = 10(6)
⎝ ⎠
5 ⎝2⎠
2 x − 5 x = 60
−3 x = 60
−3 x 60
=
−3 −3
x = −20
x x
Check: − =6
5 2
−20 −20
− ⱨ6
5 2
−4 + 10 ⱨ 6
6=69

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

y 3 1
31. y + = −12 Check: 2x − =
5 4 3
LCD = 5 ⎛ 13 ⎞ 3 1
2⎜ ⎟ − ⱨ
⎛y⎞ ⎝ 24 ⎠ 4 3
5( y) + 5 ⎜ ⎟ = 5(−12)
⎝5⎠ 13 9
− ⱨ
1
5 y + y = −60 12 12 3
6 y = −60 4
ⱨ
1
6 y −60 12 3
= 1 1
6 6 = 9
y = −10 3 3
y
Check: y+ = −12 3 1
5 34. 2 x − =
−10 4 2
−10 + ⱨ − 12 LCD = 4
5
−10 − 2 ⱨ − 12 ⎛3⎞ ⎛1⎞
4(2 x ) − 4 ⎜ ⎟ = 4 ⎜ ⎟
−12 = −12 9 ⎝ ⎠
4 ⎝2⎠
8x − 3 = 2
y + 3 3
32. 2 y − =7 8x =5
4
LCD = 4 8x 5
=
⎛y⎞ 8 8
4(2 y) − 4 ⎜ ⎟ = 4(7) 5
⎝4⎠ x=
8 y − y = 28 8
7 y = 28 3 1
Check: 2x − =
7 y 28 4 2
= ⎛5⎞ 3 1
7 7 2⎜ ⎟ − ⱨ
y=4 ⎝8⎠ 4 2
5 3 1
− ⱨ
y 4 4 2
Check: 2y − =7
4 2 1
ⱨ
4 4 2
2(4) − ⱨ 7
4 1 1
= 9
8 −1 ⱨ 7 2 2
7=79
1 1
35. − = 3 y +
3 1 3 2
33. 2 x − =
4 3 LCD = 6
LCD = 12 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛1⎞
6 ⎜ − ⎟ = 6(3 y) + 6 ⎜ ⎟
⎛3⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝2⎠
12(2 x ) − 12 ⎜ ⎟ = 12 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
4 ⎝3⎠ − 2 = 18 y + 3
24 x − 9 = 4 + −3 −3
+ 9 9 − 5 = 18 y
24 x = 13 −5 18 y
=
24 x 13 18 18
= 5 5
24 24 − = y or y = −
13 18 18
x=
24

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

1 1 39. a. We are comparing Sara’s age to Tara’s age,

Check: − = 3 y + so we let the variable T represent Tara’s age.
3 2
Tara’s age = T
1 ⎛ 5⎞ 1
− ⱨ 3⎜ − ⎟ + Sara is seven years younger than Tara.
3 ⎝ 18 ⎠ 2 Sara’s age = T − 7
1 5 3
− ⱨ− +
3 6 6 b. The sum of their ages is twenty-nine.
1 2 T + (T − 7) = 29
− ⱨ−
3 6
1 1 c. T + (T − 7) = 29
− =− 9 2T − 7 = 29
3 3
+ 7 7
36. a. Four times a number decreased by nine is 2T = 36
fifteen: 4n − 9 = 15. 2T 36
=
2 2
b. 4n − 9 = 15 T = 18
+ 9 9 T − 7 = 18 − 7 = 11
4 n = 24 Tara is 18 years old, and Sara is 11 years
4 n 24 old.
=
4 4
n=6 d. 18 + 11 ⱨ 29
The number is 6. 29 = 29 9

37. a. P = 2 L + 2W 40. a. We are comparing the enrollments in the

54 = 2(16) + 2( x + 3) spring and summer to the enrollment in the
fall, so we let the variable L represent the
b. 54 = 2(16) + 2( x + 3) fall enrollment.
Number of fall students = L
54 = 32 + 2 x + 6
85 more students were enrolled in the spring
54 = 38 + 2 x than in the fall.
+ − 38 − 38 Number of spring students = L + 85
16 = 2x 65 fewer students were enrolled in the
16 2 x summer than in the fall.
=
2 2 Number of summer students = L − 65
8= x
W = x + 3 = 8 + 3 = 11 ft b. A total of 491 students took Spanish.
The width is 11 feet. L + (L + 85) + (L − 65) = 491

38. a. P = 2 L + 2W c. L + ( L + 85) + ( L − 65) = 491

56 = 2(15 + x ) + 2(8) 3L + 20 = 491
56 = 30 + 2 x + 16 + − 20 − 20
56 = 46 + 2 x 36 = 471
+ − 46 − 46 3L 471
=
10 = 2x 3 3
10 2 x L = 157
= L + 85 = 157 + 85 = 242
2 2
5= x L − 65 = 157 − 65 = 92
The garden should be lengthened 5 feet. 157 students took Spanish in the fall, 242 in
the spring, and 92 in the summer.
b. L = 15 + x = 15 + 5 = 20 ft
The length will be 20 feet. d. 157 + 242 + 92 ⱨ 491
491 = 491 9

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Chapter 7: Solving Equations ISM: Prealgebra

How Am I Doing? Chapter 7 Test 8. 12 y + 6 − 11y − 1 = −8 + 10

y + 5 = −8 + 10
1. 5(2 x ) = −30 y+5= 2
10 x = −30 + −5 −5
10 x −30 = −3
= y
10 10
x = −3
9. − 3 = 7 − 4y
2. 7 x + 3 − 6 x = −4 + −7 −7
x + 3 = −4 − 10 = − 4 y
+ −3 −3 −10 −4 y
=
x = −7 −4 −4
5 5
= y or y =
2 2 2
3. a = 32 + 1
3 10. 6 x + 4 − 9 x = 15
2
a = 9 +1 −3 x + 4 = 15
3 + −4 −4
2
a = 10 −3 x = 11
3 −3 x 11
3 ⎛2 ⎞ 3 =
⋅ ⎜ a ⎟ = ⋅10 −3 −3
2 ⎝3 ⎠ 2 11
a = 15 x=−
3
4. − x = 12
−1x = 12 11. 14 x = −2 x + 16
−1 ⋅ (−1x) = −1⋅12 + 2x 2x
x = −12 16 x = 16
16 x 16
=
5. 5 x − 11 = −1 16 16
+ 11 11 x =1
5x = 10
5 x 10 12. 2 x + 4(3 x − 6) = 4 − (6 x + 2)
= 2 x + 12 x − 24 = 4 − 6 x − 2
5 5
x=2 14 x − 24 = 2 − 6 x
+ 6x 6x
x 20 x − 24 = 2
6. = −2 + 42 + 24 24
5
x 20 x = 26
= −2 + 16 20 x 26
5 =
x 20 20
= 14 13
5 x=
5⋅ x 10
= 14 ⋅ 5
5
x = 70 13. 3(2 x + 6) + 3 x = −27
6 x + 18 + 3 x = −27
7. 4(−2 y) + 5 y = 12 9 x + 18 = −27
−8 y + 5 y = 12 + − 18 − 18
−3 y = 12 9x = −45
−3 y 12 9 x −45
= =
−3 −3 9 9
y = −4 x = −5

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ISM: Prealgebra Chapter 7: Solving Equations

14. 4( x − 1) = −6( x + 2) + 48 x
18. + x = 14
4 x − 4 = −6 x − 12 + 48 6
4 x − 4 = −6 x + 36 LCD = 6
+ 6x 6x ⎛x⎞
10 x − 4 = 36 6 ⎜ ⎟ + 6( x ) = 6(14)
⎝6⎠
+ 4 4 x + 6 x = 84
10 x = 40 7 x = 84
10 x 40
= 7 x 84
=
10 10 7 7
x=4 x = 12
19. The first and third sides are being compared to
15. (3 x 2 − 2 x + 1) + (−3 x 2 − 10) = 5 x + 5
the second side, so we let the variable s represent
3 x 2 − 2 x + 1 − 3 x 2 − 10 = 5 x + 5 the length of the second side.
− 2 x − 9 = 5x + 5 Length of second side = s
+ − 5x − 5x The first side is 6 feet longer than the second.
− 7x − 9 = 5 Length of first side = s + 6
+ 9 9 The length of the third side is triple the second.
Length of third side = 3s
− 7x = 14
−7 x 14 20. The perimeter is 26 feet.
= s + (s + 6) + 3s = 26
−7 −7
x = −2 21. s + (s + 6) + 3s = 26
5s + 6 = 26
x x + −6 −6
16. + =7
5 2 5s = 20
LCD = 10 5s 20
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞ =
10 ⎜ ⎟ + 10 ⎜ ⎟ = 10(7) 5 5
⎝5⎠ ⎝2⎠ s=4
2 x + 5 x = 70 s + 6 = 4 + 6 = 10; 3s = 3(4) = 12
7 x = 70 The first side is 10 feet, the second side is 4 feet,
7 x 70 and the third side is 12 feet.
=
7 7 22. We are comparing the sales clerk’s salary to
x = 10 Anna’s salary, so we let the variable A represent
Anna’s salary.
1 1 Anna’s annual salary = A
17. 2 x + =
3 2 The sales clerk earns $4000 per year less than
LCD = 6 Anna.
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ Sales clerk’s annual salary = A − 4000
6(2 x ) + 6 ⎜ ⎟ = 6 ⎜ ⎟
⎝3⎠ ⎝2⎠ 23. The sum of their salaries is $61,200.
12 x + 2 = 3 A + (A − 4000) = 61,200
+ −2 −2
24. A + ( A − 4000) = 61, 200
12 x =1
2 A − 4000 = 61, 200
12 x 1
= + 4000 4, 000
12 12 2 A = 65, 200
1
x= 2 A 65, 200
12 =
2 2
A = 32, 600
A − 4000 = 32,600 − 4000 = 28,600
Anna earns $32,600 per year, and the sales clerk
earns $28,600 per year.

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