Exp.

no:01

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER AND FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

AIM: To convert alternating current to direct current using half wave and full
wave rectifier
APPARATUS REQUIRED : PC , OrCAD software
THEORY:
The alternating current can be converted into a direct current by passing
the AC through half wave rectifier and full wave rectifier.These rectifiers
contains diode which has the special property of allowing the current to flow
through only one direction through forward bias
=>HALF WAVE RECTIFIER:

A half-wave rectifier is a type of rectifier that allows only one half of an

alternating current (AC) voltage waveform to pass while blocking the other half.
It converts AC voltage into direct current (DC) voltage by using only one diode.
The half-wave rectifier circuit consists of three main components: a diode, a
transformer, and a resistive load. During the positive half cycle of the AC
voltage, the diode is forward biased and acts as a closed switch. However,
during the negative half cycle, the diode is reverse biased and acts as an open
switch. The output waveform of a half-wave rectifier is a pulsating DC
waveform. Filters can be used to transform this pulsating waveform into a
constant DC waveform. Capacitors or inductors can be used as filters.

=>FULL WAVE RECTIFIER:

A full wave rectifier is a type of rectifier that converts both half cycles of an
alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) by using either two diodes and
a center-tapped transformer or four diodes arranged as a bridge. The full wave
rectifier is more efficient than the half wave rectifier, which only uses one diode
and blocks half of the AC waveform.The circuit of the full wave rectifier
consists of a step-down transformer, two diodes, and a load resistor. During the
positive half cycle of the AC voltage, one diode is forward biased and conducts
current, while the other diode is reverse biased and blocks current. During the
negative half cycle, the roles of the diodes are reversed. The output waveform
of a full wave rectifier is a pulsating DC waveform. Filters can be used to
transform this pulsating waveform into a constant DC waveform. Capacitors or
inductors can be used as filters.
PROCEDURE:

Open orCAD software and launch capture CIS lite and create a new psipce
project

-Add the components required to build the circuit

-Add AC source(VSIN),resistor(go to-analog p-add component-r), diodes(go to-

diodes-add-1n4007) and place ground -0

-Connect the components of the circuit properly

-Assign the value for resistors,frequency,amplitude for AC source and forward

bias of diodes

-Save in psipce and keep the simulation profile to 40ms

-Run the simulation and observe the blank screen and then add the marker and
observe the waveform.

=>>HALF WAVE RECTIFIER:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
RECTIFIED WAVE

RESULTS:

During the positive half cycle of the AC voltage, the diode is forward biased
and acts as a closed switch. However, during the negative half cycle, the diode
is reverse biased and acts as an open switch. The output waveform of a half-
wave rectifier is a pulsating DC waveform
=>>FULL WAVE RECTIFIER:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
RECTIFIED WAVE
RESULT:
During the positive half cycle of the AC voltage, one diode is forward biased
and conducts current, while the other diode is reverse biased and blocks current.
During the negative half cycle, the roles of the diodes are reversed. The output
waveform of a full wave rectifier is a pulsating DC waveform. Filters can be
used to transform this pulsating waveform into a constant DC waveform
INFERENCE:

From the above waveforms we can conclude that half

wave rectifier allows only positive waveform to be rectified
while full wave rectifier allows bot positive and negative
waveform to be rectified.However in both of the outputs the
DC waveforms are pulsating in nature so we can use filters
such as capacitors to resolve that pulsating nature.