✓the relationship among

the variables expressed

as a ratio or proportion.
✓a mathematical function
that relates the values of
one variable to those of
other variables
 DIRECT/ JOINT
DIRECT SQUARE
VARIATION VARIATION

INVERSE COMBINED
VARIATION VARIATION
 DIRECT/
DIRECT SQUARE
VARIATION
For two quantities x and y,
✓ an increase in “x”
causes an increase in “y”
✓ a decrease in “x”
causes a decrease in “y”
 y varies directly as x
y is directly proportional to x
y is proportional to x

𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙
 y varies directly as the square of x
y is directly proportional to the square of x
y is proportional to the square of x

𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙
 Express each of the following
mathematical sentence into a
mathematical equation. Use “k”
to represent the constant of
variation.
1. The cost (c) of the fish varies directly as its
weight (w) in kilogram.
𝒄 = 𝒌𝒘
2. a varies directly as the square of b
𝟐
𝒂 = 𝒌𝒃
3. The cost of electricity (e) varies directly as the
number of kilowatt-hour (h) consumption.
𝒆 = 𝒌𝒉
m 2 4 6 8
n 10 20 30 40
m 2 4 6 8
n 10 20 30 40
t 1 3 5
s 3 6 15
 y varies directly as x
and 𝒚 = 𝟑𝟐 when 𝒙 = 𝟒.
Find the constant (k) of variation.
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 32
=𝑘
32 = 𝑘(4) 4
8=𝑘
32 𝑘(4)
= 𝑘=8
4 4
 y varies directly as x
and 𝒚 = 𝟑𝟐 when 𝒙 = 𝟒.
What is the equation of variation?
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 32
=𝑘 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
32 = 𝑘(4) 4
8=𝑘 𝑦 = 8𝑥
32 𝑘(4)
= 𝑘=8
4 4
 If x is directly proportional as y
and x is 36 when y is 12.
Find x when y is 108.
𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦 36 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦
=𝑘
36 = 𝑘(12) 12 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒚
3 = 𝑘 𝑥 = 3(108)
36 𝑘(12)
= 𝑘 = 3 𝑥 = 324
12 12
 INVERSE
VARIATION
For two quantities x and y,
✓ an increase in “x”
causes a decrease in “y”
✓ a decrease in “x”
causes an increase in “y”
y varies inversely as x
𝒌
𝒚=
𝒙
x is inversely 𝑘
proportional 𝑥=
as n. 𝑛
 y varies
inversely to 𝑘
m. 𝑌=
𝑚
 m varies 𝑘
inversely to 𝑚 =
n 𝑛
q is inversely 𝑘
proportional 𝑞=
to p 𝑝
The length of a
rectangle (l) 𝑘
varies inversely 𝑙=
as its width (w) 𝑤
 The number of days
(d) in which a certain 𝑘
task can be finished
varies inversely as the 𝑑=
number of people (p) 𝑝
working.
 A man’s savings
(s) per year varies
𝑘
inversely as the
𝑠=
number of years
(y) he used to
𝑦
save.
 Z varies inversely as p.
What is the equation of variation if
Z is 200 when p = 4?
𝑘 𝑘
𝑍= (200)(4) = 𝑘 𝑍=
𝑝 𝑝
𝑘 𝑘 = 800 800
200 = 𝑍=
4 𝑝
Z varies inversely as p.
If Z is 200 when p = 4,
find Z when p = 10.
𝑘 800
𝑍= 𝑍=
𝑝 10
800
𝑍= 𝑍 = 80
𝑝
 If y varies inversely as x.
and 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎 when 𝒙 = 𝟐,
find y when 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎.
𝑘 20
𝑦= (10)(2) = 𝑘 𝑦=
𝑥 𝑥
𝑘 = 20 𝑦=2
𝑘 20
10 = 𝑘 𝑦=
2 𝑦= 10
𝑥