Sensation and Perception 1st Edition

Schwartz Test Bank

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Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

Test Bank - Chapter 8

1. What are the two thresholds in perceiving motion at any given point along the retina?
a. The threshold for the magnitude of the motion and the amplitude of the motion
*b. A threshold for the slowest motion detectable and the fastest motion
detectable
c. The threshold for motion on land and the threshold for motion on water
d. The threshold for phi motion and the threshold for simulated motion

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.1

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Perceiving Motion: Motion Thresholds – How Slow and How Fast?
Question type: MC

2. We have lower motion thresholds in the ______ than in the _______.

*a. periphery; fovea
b. macula; fundus
c. iris; lateral geniculate nucleus
d. None of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.1

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Perceiving Motion: Motion Thresholds – How Slow and How Fast?
Question type: MC

3. The appearance of real motion from a sequence of still images is known as:

a. Ocular motion
b. Peripheral motion
c. Sequential motion
*d. Apparent motion

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.1

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Real and Apparent Motion (205)
Question type: MC

4. An illusion whereby one moving object may cause another object to look like it is
moving is known as:

a. Phi motion
b. Beta motion
c. Apparent motion
*d. Induced motion
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.1

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Real and Apparent Motion (206)
Question type: MC

5. When an object is perceived as moving on the basis of what is actually a series of

stationary images being presented sequentially, such as in the movies, we have:

a. Threshold-induced motion
*b. Beta motion
c. Real motion
d. All of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.1

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Real and Apparent Motion (206)
Question type: MC

6. Larsen et al. (2006) compared the neural responses to real and apparent motion by
recording brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology.
They found that:

*a. The fMRI brain scans found that the areas of the primary visual cortex that
were responsive to apparent motion were the same as those responsive to real
motion.
b. The fMRI brain scans found that different areas of the occipital lobe were
responsible for real and apparent motion.
c. The fMRI scans could distinguish between real and apparent motion, but only
when the scans focused on the lateral geniculate nucleus.
d. All motion is too fast to be detected by fMRI scans.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.1

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Real and Apparent Motion (207)
Question type: MC

7. Neural circuits that enable the determination of direction and speed of motion by
delaying input from one receptive field, to determine speed, to match the input of another
receptive field, to determine direction are known as:

a. Phi-motion detectors
b. Amacrine cells
c. Threshold analogs
*d. Reichardt detectors
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: The Complexity of Motion (208)
Question type: MC

8. The visual system must be able to correlate an object at one time (T1) in one position
(P1) with the same object at another time (T2) in another position (P2). To detect motion,
we must:

*a. Have neurons that fire when objects are at P1 at T1 and at P2 at T2 at different
differences in (T2–T1), that is, different speeds
b. Have neurons that can detect color changes at different speeds
c. Have neurons that fire when objects are static so that motion can be detected
later
d. None of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: The Complexity of Motion (208)
Question type: MC

9. The theory that the feedback we get from our eye muscles as our eyes track an object is
important to the perception of motion is known as:

a. Reichardt’s theory of motion

b. The Phi model of motion
*c. Corollary discharge theory
d. The dual perception model of motion

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Corollary Discharge Theory (210)
Question type: MC

10. You are watching a small plane move across the sky from quite a difference. The eye
movements you are making are known as:

a. Saccades
b. Motion saccades
*c. Smooth pursuit eye movements
d. Beta motion movements

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Application
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

Answer location: Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movements (211)

Question type: MC

11. On of the implications of corollary discharge theory is that:

a. All motion perception is apparent, not real

b. Reichardt detectors make theoretical sense but are not employed in real neurons
*c. We use the fact that we are moving our eyes and heads as a means to detect
motion in the world
d. When we detect motion in afterimages, we tend to also see fluctuating colors

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Corollary Discharge Theory (210)
Question type: MC

12. Sudden eye movements used to look from one object to another are known as:

a. Smooth pursuit eye movements

*b. Saccades
c. Beta movement detectors
d. Reverse Reichardt detectors

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Saccades (211)
Question type: MC

13. MT or V5 is an area in the:

a. Temporal lobe responsible for comparing motion across divergent planes

b. Parietal lobe responsible for detecting changes in the speed of a moving object
*c. Occipital lobe in the dorsal pathway, specific to motion detection and
perception
d. Frontal lobe, responsible for eye movements

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: MT: The Movement Area of the Brain (212)
Question type: MC

14. Which of these areas of the brain send(s) information to V5?

Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

a. V1
b. V2
c. The Superior colliculus
*d. All of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: MT: The Movement Area of the Brain (212)
Question type: MC

15. Newsome and his team trained rhesus monkeys to respond to particular forms of
motion with specific behaviors. They found that:

a. Once their superior colliculus were lesioned, the monkeys were unable to learn
the task.
b. Motion detection is difficult to learn by the monkeys except when M5 is
stimulated by transmagnetic cranial stimulation.
c. Monkeys trained to detect motion showed greater activity in the frontal eye
fields than monkeys without the training.
*d. When MT was lesioned, the monkeys were not impaired at visual tasks that
involved stationary objects—only motion tasks were affected.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: MT: The Movement Area of the Brain (213)
Question type: MC

16. Weigelt, Singer, and Kohler (2013) looked at the human MT by recording activity
with fMRI technology. They found that:

*a. Attention to motion resulted in a bigger response in MT than did attention to

location
b. MT responded to motion regardless of whether or not the participant was
attending to that motion
c. A larger response from MT occurred when the motion was apparent than when
it was real
d. MT acted exactly like motion detectors in V1—small-scale motion was
interpreted similarly to large-scale motion

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: MT: The Movement Area of the Brain (214)
Question type: MC
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

17. In Newsome and Paré’s (1988) experiment, 100% condition, all the dots were moving
in the same condition. In the 50% condition, half the dots were moving in a consistent
direction. In the 20% condition, only one fifth of the dots were moving in a consistent
direction. They found that:

a. MT neurons could only detection motion in the 100% condition.

*b. MT neurons integrate across any number of local detectors to infer the general
pattern of motion in the display.
c. MT neurons actually responded more strongly to the 20% condition than they
did to the 100% condition.
d. Because the MT neurons had already been lesioned, Newsome and Paré could
not make a conclusion about MT function.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: MT: The Movement Area of the Brain
Question type: MC

18. A rare condition in which a patient is unable to detect motion despite intact visual
perception of stationary stimuli, caused by damage to Area MT, is known as:

a. Motion sickness
b. Cerebral motion unawareness
c. Motion amnesia
*d. Akinetopsia

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: MT: The Movement Area of the Brain (214)
Question type: MC

19. In Akinetopsia:

*a. Patients’ perception resembles a series of still photographs moving one to the
next
b. Patients cannot act on motion perception
c. Motion perception is preserved, but thresholds are greatly increased for
speeding objects detected by the foveae
d. Patients are subjectively blind but respond by moving their hands when objects
are thrown at them

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: MT: The Movement Area of the Brain (214)
Question type: MC
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

20. In a study by Becker and Zeki (1995), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was
applied to the MT of healthy volunteers. What happened?

a. The perception of moving objects appeared to speed up for the participants.

b. Objects that were not moving appeared to be moving as long as the TMS was
turned on.
*c. Participants experienced a temporary inability to perceive motion .
d. None of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: MT: The Movement Area of the Brain (215)
Question type: MC

21. A motion-based visual illusion in which a stationary object is seen as moving in the
opposite direction of real or apparent motion just observed is known as:

a. Phi-square illusion
b. Beta-motion illusion
*c. Motion aftereffects
d. Agnosic illusion

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Motion Aftereffects (215)
Question type: MC

22. After we have watched the falling of the water in a waterfall for about a minute, if
we look at a blank surface, such as a white wall:

*a. We will get a sense of motion going upward, that is, in the opposite direction
of the falling water
b. We will continue to see the movement of the water heading downwards,
consistent with motion aftereffects
c. We will see Benham colors produced by our Reichardt detectors
d. The perception of motion will be temporarily inhibited

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: Motion Aftereffects (215)
Question type: MC
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

23. An experiment in which small lights are attached to the body of a person or an
animal, which is then filmed moving in an otherwise completely dark environment, is
known as the:

a. Camouflage detection system

b. Corollary Discharge experiment
*c. Point-light walker display
d. Light threshold detection system

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.3

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Form Perception and Biological Motion (217)
Question type: MC

24. In Johansson’s experiment, small lights were placed on a person’s body, including the
wrists, elbows, shoulders, ankles, knees, and hips. He then video recorded the person
walking, running, and dancing in total darkness. He found that under these
circumstances:

a. Most participants demonstrated motion blindness

b. Participants could not make smooth pursuit eye movements
c. The stimuli were camouflaged from motion detection systems
*d. Participants were able to distinguish between forms of motion, including
walking and running

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.3

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Form Perception and Biological Motion (217)
Question type: MC

25. Troje and Westhoff (2006), for example, showed videos of biological motion through
point-light displays of people walking, but the videos were inverted. When the videos
were inverted:

*a. It was very difficult for participants to detect the biological motion.
b. Most participants demonstrated motion blindness.
c. Participants could not make smooth pursuit eye movements.
d. Activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus was detected.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.3

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Form Perception and Biological Motion (217)
Question type: MC
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

26. The concept that information in the visual world that specifies how that information
can be used is known as a(n):

a. Action potential
b. Motion aftereffect
*c. Affordance
d. Reichardt detector

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Action (218)
Question type: MC

27. Which of the following is an example of an affordance?

a. Seeing a ripe avocado affords making guacamole.

b. Seeing a chair affords sitting.
c. Seeing a cat affords petting.
*d. All of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: Action (218)
Question type: MC

28. The difference in the perception of the speeds of objects moving past us in an optic
flow display, such that objects closer to us seem to move faster past us, whereas more
distant objects appear to move slowly as we move toward them, is known as the:

a. Speed-accuracy tradeoff
b. Optic flow pattern
c. Flow threshold
*d. Gradient of flow

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Action (219)
Question type: MC

29. Warren, Kay, Zosh, Duchon, and Sahuc (2001) controlled the optic flow pattern that
participants were viewing while walking in a specially designed room. Participants were
asked to walk toward a goal: a red line visible in the virtual reality setup. They found
that:
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

*a. When Warren et al. slowed or sped up the optic flow pattern, participants
adjusted their walking to be consistent with their goal of making it to the red line.
b. When Warren et al. introduced interference into flow patterns, participants’
motion became unsteady.
c. Optic flow was a direct result of the pattern of eye movements.
d. None of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Action (219)
Question type: MC

30. Kandil, Rotter, and Lappe (2010) were interested in what information drivers use
when driving on bends or turns. They found that:

*a. As drivers approached bends, they took their eyes off the focus of expansion
and instead directed their eyes to upcoming straight road segments.
b. When drivers pay attention to optic flow patterns, they miss certain affordances
in the driving environment.
c. Drivers experienced more simulated accidents when attending to the focus of
expansion on curves than they did on straight road segments.
d. Newer drivers were more likely to focus on optic flow, whereas more
experienced drivers focused instead on flow gradients.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Action (220)
Question type: MC

31. The lateral intraparietal (LIP) area is associated with:

a. Perceiving movement in optic flow patterns

b. Detecting biological motion
*c. The control of eye movements
d. Differentiating between real and apparent motion

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Visually Guided Eye Movements (220)
Question type: MC

32. Colby, Duhamel, and Goldberg (1996) performed some interesting experiments on
the role of the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area using single-cell recording with rhesus
monkeys. They found that:
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

a. Monkeys with lesioned LIP areas did not perceive biological motion.
*b. The LIP area of the parietal lobe is involved with both the anticipation of the
eye movement and the eye movement itself.
c. The LIP area registers optic flow, but does not control movements in the
direction of that flow.
d. The LIP area responded most strongly when monkeys viewed complex motion
moving either directly toward or directly away from them.

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Visually Guided Eye Movements (220)
Question type: MC

33. An area of the posterior parietal lobe involved in the planning and control of reaching
movements of the arms is known as the:

a. MT
b. Vast parietal belt
*c. Medial intraparietal (MIP) area
d. Lateral intraparietal (LIP) area

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Visually Guided Grasping (221)
Question type: MC

34. The anterior intraparietal region (AIP) is associated with what function?

a. Planning and control of foot movements

b. The control of eye movements
*c. Grasping actions of the hands
d. All of the above

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Visually Guided Grasping (221)
Question type: MC

35. Why is perceived motion in the rotating snakes illusion considered an illusion?

a. Because the motion is beta motion, not phi motion.

*b. Because the image is actually static; there is no motion.
c. Because the motion is a function of lateral inhibition, not beta motion.
d. Because the apparent motion in the illusion occurs only in dim light.
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: In Depth: Motion Illusions (222)
Question type: MC

36. Otero-Millan, Macknik, and Martinez-Conde (2012) showed the rotating snake
illusion to participants and asked to indicate when the perceived motion was at a
maximum and to indicate when the figure appeared to be not rotating. They found that
the perception of motion was:

*a. Highly correlated with the micro-saccades, which they measured via eye
tracking
b. Associated with smooth pursuit eye movements
c. Associated with beta motion induced by the figure
d. Associated with activity in the anterior intraparietal region (AIP)

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: In Depth: Motion Illusions (223)
Question type: MC

37. In the furrow illusion, when the image is set in motion, the yellow circles move from
left to right or right to left across the larger circle. But what we see is:

a. The motion ceases at particular speeds

b. The whole figure begins to drift upwards
c. When the motion is too fast, we see phi motion only in the yellow circles
*d. The lower yellow circle appears to zigzag back and forth as it makes its way
across the screen

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: The Furrow Illusion (224)
Question type: MC

38. The destination point in an optic flow display, from which point perceived motion
derives, is known as:

*a. The focus of expansion

b. The optic flow point
c. The gradient point
d. None of the above
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Action (219)
Question type: MC

39. Cassandra is watching a tennis match. Though she is largely stationary, she eagerly
follows the movement of the ball as each player hits it back to the other. Which areas of
her brain are likely to be especially active?

*a. M5 and LIP (Lateral intraparietal)

b. Medial intraparietal (MIP) and the anterior intraparietal region (AIP)
c. Medial temporal lobe and V4
d. The fusiform face area and the Medial intraparietal (MIP)

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: Visually Guided Eye Movements
Question type: MC

40. How the visual system knows if an object seen at Time 1 is the same object at Time 2
is known as the:

*a. Correspondence problem

b. Corollary discharge theory paradox
c. Motion-sensitive illusion
d. Motion-depth tradeoff

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.1

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Real and Apparent Motion (206)
Question type: MC

41. Some motion is so slow that we cannot perceive it, and other motion is so fast that we
cannot perceive it.
*a. True
b. False

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.1

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Perceiving Motion: Motion Threshold – How Slow and How Fast?
Question type: TF

42. Apparent motion is the appearance of real motion from a sequence of still images.
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

*a. True
b. False

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.1

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Real and Apparent Motion (205)
Question type: TF

43. Reichardt detectors are cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus that compute motion by
comparing relative position from the left and right eye.
a. True
*b. False

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: The Complexity of Motion
Question type: TF

44. Corollary discharge theory is the theory that the motion perception occurs before eye
movements, but that apparent motion is discounted when considering spontaneous
decisions to make eye movements.
a. True
*b. False

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Corollary Discharge Theory
Question type: TF

45. MT or V5 is an area of the occipital lobe in the dorsal pathway, specific to motion
detection and perception.
*a. True
b. False

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: MT: The Movement Area of the Brain
Question type: TF

46. Akinetopsia is a rare condition in which a patient is unable to detect motion despite
intact visual perception of stationary stimuli, caused by damage to Area MT.
*a. True
b. False
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.2

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: MT: The Movement Area of the Brain
Question type: TF

47. Research on point-light walker displays shows that in order to perceive biological
motion, an observer must see the entire person or animal.
a. True
*b. False

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.3

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Form Perception and Biological Motion
Question type: TF

48. Warren, Kay, Zosh, Duchon, and Sahuc (2001) controlled the optic flow pattern that
participants were viewing while walking in a specially designed room. They found that
participants ignored optic flow information when they had a specific goal in mind.
a. True
*b. False

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Action (219)
Question type: TF

49. The medial intraparietal (MIP) area is an area of the posterior parietal lobe involved
in the planning and control of reaching movements of the arms.
*a. True
b. False

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Visually Guided Grasping
Question type: TF

50. We see movement in the rotating snakes illusion because depth cues in the image are
triggered, but because we know the image is two-dimensional, we misinterpret the signal
as motion.
a. True
*b. False
Schwartz and Krantz, Sensation and Perception Instructor Resources

Learning objective number (if applicable): 8.4

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: In Depth: Motion Illusions
Question type: TF