Electromagnetics

3. Cylindrical Coordinate Systems

 1

Cylindrical Coordinate System

0  r  

0    2
  z  

 2

Cylindrical Coordinate System

Constant plane Differential areas and volume

 3

Cylindrical Coordinate System

A  A r ar  A  a   A z a z A  A r2  A 2  A 2z

ar  ar  a   a   a z  a z  1

ar  a   a   a z  a z  ar  0

a r  ar  0

a   a   0
A 
a z  a z  0

a r  a   a z

a   a z  a r

a z  a r  a 
 4

Cylindrical Coordinate System

Scalar transformation
Rectangular to cylindrical
coordinate system

r  x 2  y 2

 1  y 
   tan x
  
z  z


Cylindrical to rectangular
coordinate system

 x  r cos 
 Relationship between (x, y, z) and (r, , z)
 y  r sin 
z  z

 5

Cylindrical Coordinate System

Vector transformation
† Rectangular to cylindrical coordinate system
 A r  A  ar
 A  A x a x  A y a y  A z a z 
 A   A  a
 A  A r ar  A  a   A z a z 
A z  A  az
A r =  A x a x  A y a y  A z a z   ar  a x  ar A x  a y  ar A y  a z  ar A z

A  =  A x ax  A y a y  A z az   a  a x  a A x  a y  a A y  a z  a A z

A z =  A x ax  A y ay  A z az   az  a x  az A x  ay  az A y  az  az A z

 A r   ar  a x ar  a y ar  a z   A x   A r   cos  sin  0   A x 
          
 A    a  a x a  a y a  a z   A y   A      sin  cos  0   A y 
 A  a z  a x
 z  az  a y a z  a z   A z   A   0
 z 0 1  A z 
 6

Cylindrical Coordinate System

Vector transformation
† Cylindrical to rectangular coordinate system
A x  A  a x
 A  A x a x  A y a y  A z a z 
 A y  A  a y
 A  A r ar  A  a   A z a z 
A z  A  az
A x =  A r ar  A  a   A z a z   a x  ar  a x A r  a   a x A   a z  a x A z

A y =  A r ar  A  a   A z a z   a y  ar  a y A r  a   a y A   a z  a y A z

A z =  A r ar  A  a   A z a z   a z  a r  a z A r  a   a z A   a z  a z A z

 A x  a x  ar a x  a ax  az  Ar   A x  cos   sin  0   A r 

          
 A y   a y  ar a y  a ay  az  A    A y    sin  cos  0   A  
 A   a z  ar az  a a z  a z   A z  A   0 0 1  A z 
 z   z 
 7

Cylindrical Coordinate System

 A r   ar  a x ar  a y ar  a z   A x   A r   cos  sin  0   A x 
          
 A    a  a x a  a y a  az   A y   A      sin  cos  0   A y 
 A  a z  a x
 z  az  ay a z  a z   A z   A   0
 z 0 1  A z 

 A x  a x  ar ax  a ax  az   Ar   A x  cos   sin  0   A r 
          
 A y    a y  ar ay  a ay  az  A    A y    sin  cos  0   A  
 A   a z  ar a z  a a z  a z   A z  A   0 0 1  A z 
 z   z 
 8

Cylindrical Coordinate System

ar  a x  cos  a   a x   sin  a z  a x  0

  
ar  a y  sin  a   a y  cos  a z  a y  0
  
a r  a z  0 a   a z  0 a z  a z  1
 9

Cylindrical Coordinate System

† Rectangular to cylindrical coordinate system

ar   cos  sin  0   a x 

     
a      sin  cos  0   a y 
a   0
 z 0 1 a z 

† Cylindrical to rectangular coordinate system

a x  cos   sin  0  ar 

     
a y    sin  cos  0  a  
a   0 0 1 a z 
 z 
 10

Cylindrical Coordinate System

Example: Find an expression for the unit vector of vector A shown in the
figure in cylindrical coordinates.

Solution: In triangle OP1P2,

 
OP2  OP1  A

 
A  OP2  OP1  ro ar  ha z

A ro ar  ha z
a 
A ro2  h2

We note that the expression for A is independent of o. That is, all vectors
from point P1 to any point on the circle defined by r=ro in the x-y plane are
equal in the cylindrical coordinate system. The ambiguity can be elmiinated
by specifying that A passes through a point whose = o.
 11

Cylindrical Coordinate System

Example: Find the area of a cylindrical surface described by r=5, 30o    60o ,
and 0  z  3.
Solution: The prescribed surface is shown in the left-hand side figure.
Cylindrical surface area can be evaluated from the right-hand side figure.
60o 3
   5
     
60o
  r 5
3
S r d dz  5  30 o z z 0
 15   
 30o z 0 3 6 2
 12

Coordinate Transformation

 A r   cos  sin  0   A x 
    
 A      sin  cos  0   A y 
 A   0
 z 0 1  A z 