Short Introduction to Hydraulic StructuresS

2020
 Hydraulic structures are anything that can be used to divert,
restrict, stop, or manage the natural flow of water.
 They can be made from materials ranging from large rock,
concrete and wooden timbers or tree trunks.
 Dam, is a type of hydraulic structure used to hold water in a
reservoir as potential energy, just as a weir is a type of
hydraulic structure which can be used to pool water for
irrigation, establish control of the bed (grade
control)

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 2

Main Purposes of Hydraulic Structures:

❑ Construct waterways and artificial basins when the

natural water is not sufficient or is absolutely
absent in specific area.

❑ Construct some structures for special purposes like

navigation locks, and hydropower plants.

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 3

Classification of hydraulic structures on
the basis of material
 Earth fill
 Rock fill
 Concrete
 Stone masonry
 Timber
 Steel coffer

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 4

Types of Hydraulic structures:
 The hydraulic structures constructing on
waterways are divided into three types:
➢ Water retaining structures for storage water at the
upstream during flood season such as dams.
➢ Structures to raise the water level at the upstream
to feed the canals such as Barrages, small regulators
or weirs.
➢ Inland navigation structure such as navigation lock
to facilitate the passage of vessels.

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 5

Principal Hydraulics Structures

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2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 7
Water Resources Investment:
Water resources investment by hydraulic structures
are found in the following areas: Oceans, Seas, Rivers
and Under-Groundwater. The main branches in
which the water resources to be invested are:

❑ Irrigation of the agriculture land

❑ Water transportation and navigation purposes
❑ Domestic use (drinking, manufactories demands)
❑ Conduct clean electrical energy

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 8

Classification of hydraulic structures on the basis of
function
❑ Flow control structures
They are used to regulate the flow and pass excess flow. They might be gates,
spillways, valves, or outlets

❑ Flow measurement structures

They are used to measure discharge. They are weirs, orifices, flumes etc.

❑ Division structures
They are used to divert the main course of water flow. They are coffer dams,
weirs, canal headwork, intake works

❑ Energy dissipation structures

They are used to prevent erosion and structural damage. They are stilling
basins, surge dams, check dams

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 9

Classification of hydraulic structures on
the basis of function
❑ River training and water stabilizing structures
They are used to maintain river channel and water transportation. Levees,
cutoffs, locks, piers, culverts

❑ Sediment and quality control structures

They are used to control or remove sediments and other pollutants. They are
racks, screens, traps, sedimentation tanks, filters, sluiceways

❑ Hydraulic machines
They are used to convert energy from one form to another. They are turbines,
pumps, ramps

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 10

Classification of hydraulic structures on
the basis of function
❑ Storage structures
They are used for the purpose of storage of water. These may be dams or
tanks etc

❑ Shore protection structures

They are used to protect banks. Dikes, groins, jetties, revetments

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 11

The design of any hydraulic structure is divided
into three phases:

➢ Hydraulic Design
➢ Structural Analysis
➢ Detailed Drawings

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 12

Required Technical Data for Design and Construction:
 Investigations to collect data and information are
the most important step to design and construct
any of a hydraulic structure. These data including
the following:

✓ Project area
✓ Geological deformation
✓ Hydraulic properties of the water way

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 13

Guidance Points for Collecting Data:
 The following points must be considered in collecting
data:
✓ Temperature degree for about 5 years at the project
location
✓ Average humidity for a year
✓ Rating curve for discharge and levels
✓ Monthly average discharge at the project location for
one year
✓ General description of the project and its components
✓ International and local specification will be used in the
design and construction
✓ Test results on the constructing materials

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 14

Examples of Hydraulic Structures
❑ Weirs
❑ Dams

❑ Spillways

❑ Water Gates

❑ Aqueducts

❑ Seawalls

❑ Revetments

❑ Dikes and Levees

❑ Groins

❑ Cofferdam

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Hydraulic Structure Effect on a Water Way:
➢ Effect on Ground Water
➢ Effect on the suspended and bed loads

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Hydraulic Structure Effects or a Water way

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