VISION IAS

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TEST BOOKLET

CSAT APTITUDE TEST – 1 (3513) – 2021

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Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 200

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1
Directions for the following 4 (four) items: 2. On the basis of the above passage, the
Read the following three passages and answer the items following assumptions have been made:
that follow. Your answers to these items should be 1. Indian labour laws have been amended
based on the passages only. from time to time to reflect the changes in
Passage 1 the labour sector.
Greenland‘s melting glaciers, which plunge into Arctic 2. Existent labour laws in India are non-
waters via steep-sided inlets, or fjords, are among the uniform and complex.
main contributors to global sea level rise in response to 3. Labour laws of a country need to address
climate change. Gaining a better understanding of how the needs of both the employer and the
warming ocean water affects these glaciers will help employed.
improve predictions of their fate. Such predictions Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
could in turn be used by communities around the world (a) 1 and 2
to better prepare for flooding and mitigate coastal (b) 2 only
ecosystem damage. (c) 2 and 3
1. With which one of the following statements is (d) 1, 2 and 3
the author most likely to agree with? Passage 3
(a) The effect of global warming will be For many years, historians thought that the

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conspicuous in the polar regions only. development of capitalism had not faced serious

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(b) Climate-change statistics needs to be

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challenges in the United States. Progressive historians

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democratised for community level sympathized with the battles waged by farmers and

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mitigation efforts. small producers against large capitalists in the late
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(c) Greenland‘s melting glaciers will have

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nineteenth century, but they did not question the

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localised ecological and livelihood impacts. widespread acceptance of laissez-faire (unregulated)

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(d) Glacial studies in the Himalayan regions capitalism throughout American history. Similarly,
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are necessary to assess socio-economic

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Louis Hartz, who sometimes disagreed with the

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impact of climate change in India. Progressives, argued that Americans accepted laissez-
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Passage 2 faire capitalism without challenge because they lacked

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India today is not what it used to be when its initial set

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a feudal, pre-capitalist past. Recently, however, some

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of labour laws was crafted. The country, which once

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scholars have argued that even though laissez-faire

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relied heavily on manufacturing, is now largely a

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became the prevailing ethos in nineteen-century

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service-led economy. It is a rising information America, it was not accepted without struggle. They say
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communication technologies (ICT) power that‘s also that capitalism clashed with existing religious and
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one of the world‘s biggest startup hubs. India houses

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communitarian norms that imposed moral constraints

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flourishing new industries, such as cab-hailing, food-

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on acquisitiveness to protect the weak from the

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delivery and e-commerce. As these neo-industries take predatory, the strong from corruption, and the entire
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shape and help expand India‘s economy, labour
regulations must cater to their workers‘ needs and be
cognizant of emerging businesses and organizational
models. This calls for consistency and the elimination
of all vagueness in existing labour norms and rules.
2 www.visionias.in
culture from materialist excess. Aided by the notion
that government should be both regulator and promoter
of economic activity, these norms persisted long after
the American Revolution helped unleash the economic
forces that produced capitalism.
©Vision IAS
3. What is the most logical and appropriate 5. Two statements S1 and S2 are given below
followed by a Question:
conclusion that we can infer from this
S1: In a cricket match, out of 11 batsmen, the
passage? sum of the runs scored by last 10 batsmen
(a) That the underlying similarities of certain is 16 times the first batsman.
S2: The average runs scored by all batsmen is
arguments regarding the development of
136.
capitalism in the United States need to be Question:
highlighted. Find the runs scored by first batsmen.
Which one of the following is correct in respect
(b) That both the competing arguments
of the above Statements and the Question?
regarding the development of capitalism in (a) S1 alone is sufficient to answer the

the United States are blatantly untrue. Question.

(c) That the established argument regarding the
development of capitalism in the United
States needs to be defended.
(b) S2 alone is sufficient to answer the
Question.
(c) S1 and S2 together are sufficient to answer
the Question, but neither S1 alone nor S2
alone is sufficient to answer the Question.

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(d) That a scholarly refutation of an argument (d) S1 and S2 together are not sufficient to

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regarding the development of capitalism in answer the Question.

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the United States can be put forth. .e
6. If the number of boys in a class is 8 times the
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number of girls, then which of the following

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cannot be concluded about the total number of

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4. According to the passage, the progressive

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students?
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historians and the scholars do not agree with

(a) The total number of students is a multiple
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regard to which of the following statement/s? of 3.

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(b) The total number of students can be 45.

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1. Laissez-faire becoming the predominant

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(c) The total number of students can be 42.

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ethos in the nineteenth-century United (d) The total number of students is a multiple
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States. of 9.
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2. The existence of significant opposition to

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7. Two trains P and Q are running at a speed of x

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km/hr and y km/hr respectively. Time taken by

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the development of laissez-faire capitalism

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train P to cross a pole is half the time taken by

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in the nineteenth century United States

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train Q to cross the same pole. If the length of

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(a) 1 only train Q is half of the length of train P, then

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which of the following is true?

(b) 2 only
(a) x = 4y
(c) Both 1 & 2 (b) y = 4x
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) x = 2/y
(d) x = y

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8. Three Statements are given followed by two 11. Typing speed of Mr. Smith is 100 words per
Conclusions: minute and that of Mrs. Smith is 80 words per
Statements: minute. They got an offer of typing a book of
All roses are marigolds. 1000 pages. Mr. Smith decided to type 600
All marigolds are sunflowers. pages and asked Mrs. Smith to type the rest. If
each page of book consists of 100 words, then
All sunflowers are Lillis.
the time taken by both of them working
Conclusion-I:
together to type the book is:
All roses are Lillis.
(a) 900 minutes
Conclusion-II:
(b) 1000 minutes
All Lillis are marigolds.
(c) 1200 minutes
Which of the above Conclusions logically (d) 1100 minutes
follows/follow from the given Statements,
disregarding commonly known facts? 12. Two Statements S1 and S2 are given below
(a) Only Conclusion-I followed by a Question:
(b) Only Conclusion-II S1: In a row of 35 students, Radhika is sitting
(c) Neither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II 17th from right end of the row and Shyam is
(d) Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II sitting 25th from left end of the row.
S2: Radhika is 7th from right end and Shyam is

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11th from left end.

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9. In a multinational organisation that makes

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Question:

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softwares for their clients, 10% of the

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What is Radhika‘s position with respect to
employees who are fresh recruits have salary of

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Shyam?
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Rs. 25,000; 30% of the employees have tenure .e
Which one of the following is correct in respect
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of 1-2 years have salary of Rs. 45,000; 40% of

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of the above Statements and the Question?

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the employees have tenure between 2 and 8

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(a) S1 alone is sufficient to answer the

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years have salary of Rs. 70,000 and 20% of the Question.

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employees who have tenure more than 8 years (b) S2 alone is sufficient to answer the
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have salary of Rs. 95,000. What is the average

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Question.
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salary given by the organisation to all its (c) S1 and S2 together are sufficient to answer
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employees? the Question, but neither S1 alone nor S2

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(a) Rs. 68,500 alone is sufficient to answer the question.

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(d) S1 and S2 together are not sufficient to

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(b) Rs. 54,000

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answer the Question.

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(c) Rs. 63,000

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(d) Rs. 70,500

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13. Consider the following sequence:

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EADGUIHEUOFCAEHFCHEOB
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10. Which one of the following fractions will have

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DCDIF
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minimum value if both numerator and the

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How many vowels are followed by a vowel in

denominator are subtracted from the 3rd highest
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the above sequence?

two-digit prime number? (a) 5
(a) 1/3 (b) 6
(b) 3/4 (c) 7
(c) 4/7 (d) 8
(d) 5/9
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14. A simple mathematical operation with respect 16. Which one of the following is the most logical
to the difference between cube and square in and rational inference that can be made from
each number results in a sequence 4, 18, 48, the above passage?
100, 180, 294, ….. . Which one of the (a) Tax reforms in India have translated into

following is the next number in the sequence? better government spending for
developmental activities.
(a) 512
(b) Increasing corporate tax rates will
(b) 500
definitely lead to better government
(c) 448
revenues and hence more growth and
(d) 440
investment.
(c) Entrepreneurs and corporations must be
15. In a class of 50 students, the ratio of boys to
incentivised to invest in employment
girls is 3 : 2. The average weight of the boys is intensive sectors.
54 kg and that of the girls is 42 kg. What is the (d) India will have to adopt a mix of tax and
average weight of the whole class? non-tax revenue to meet its welfare
(a) 60.8 kg expenditures.
(b) 49.2 kg Passage 2

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(c) 52.4 kg Land ecosystems currently play a key role in mitigating

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(d) 58.2 kg climate change. The more carbon dioxide (CO2) plants

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and trees absorb during photosynthesis, the process they
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use to make food, the less CO2 remains trapped in the
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Directions for the following 5 (Five) items:
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atmosphere, where it can cause temperatures to rise.

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Read the following four passages and answer the items

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But scientists have identified an unsettling trend in the

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that follow each passage. Your answers to these items

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Southern Hemisphere – as levels of CO2 in the

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should be based on the passages only.

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atmosphere increase, 86% of land ecosystems globally

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Passage 1
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are becoming progressively less efficient at absorbing

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One of the commonly invoked elements of trickle-down

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economics is tax benefits for corporations and high net

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17. With reference to the above passage, which of

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worth individuals (HNIs), who are expected to invest

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the following could be the most rational and

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the money that they save from taxes in entrepreneurial practical implications for India?
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activities, which are, in turn, expected to boost (a) Extensive afforestation must be initiated in
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production and create jobs. Yet, going by the

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dry lands to reduce global warming.

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experience of the tax reform measures in India since (b) Deserted land ecosystems can be
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2019, corporate tax reductions may not promote growth effectively utilized for carbon
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and investment. On the other hand, such reductions may sequestration.

decrease government revenues, thereby squeezing the (c) Rising temperatures can have a deleterious
fiscal space for development programmes and impact on food security.

government spending. (d) The ability of land ecosystems to trap

excessive carbon is unlimited.

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 Passage 3
Vaccine hesitancy is as old as the concept of
vaccination itself. However, in times of uncertainty,
people are particularly susceptible to misinformation
due to an intricate combination of cognitive, social and
algorithmic biases i.e., information overload and
limited attention spans.
18. Which one of the following is the most logical
and rational inference that can be made from
the above passage?
19. Which of the following statements, if true,
would be most likely to influence ethologists‘
opinions about whether a particular gene in a
species is a behavioral gene?
(a) The gene is found only in that species.
(b) The only effect of mutations in the gene is
to make the organism ill.
(c) Neuroscientists consider the gene to be a
behavioral gene.
(d) Geneticists consider the gene to be a
behavioral gene.

(a) Lack of information is the main reason

20. What is the most logical and appropriate
behind vaccine hesitancy in India.
conclusion that we can infer from this passage?
(b) Tackling vaccine hesitancy in India
(a) That there cannot be any competing
requires a psycho-social approach. arguments on a scientific question.
(c) Initial resistance to a sudden change is a (b) That there can still arise different
historical human characteristic. perspectives on a scientific question.

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(d) Vaccine effectiveness is proportional to (c) That the usefulness of varied perspectives

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people‘s trust in the vaccine. on a scientific question is itself

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questionable.
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Passage 4
(d) That .e the differences between two
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Researchers studying how genes control animal
26

definitions of a term need to be reconciled.

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behavior have had to deal with many uncertainties. In

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the first place, most behaviours are governed by more 21. Three Statements S1, S2 and S3 are given
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than one gene, and until recently geneticists had no below followed by a Question:
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method for identifying the multiple genes involved. In S1: Q is to the immediate left of T.
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S2: T is third to the right of W.

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addition, even when a single gene is found to control a

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S3: R is a neighbor of T.
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behaviour, researchers in different fields do not

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Question:
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necessarily agree that it is a ―behavioural gene.‖

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If Q, W, E, R and T are sitting in a row facing

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Neuroscientists, who understand the nervous system

south, then who is to the immediate left of Q?
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which generates behavior, define the term broadly. But

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Which one of the following is correct in respect

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ethologists— specialists in animal behavior—are

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of the above Statements and the Question?

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interested in evolution, so they define the term (a) S1, S2 and S3 all together are sufficient to
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narrowly. They insist that mutations in a behavioral answer the Question.

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(b) S1 and S2 together are sufficient to answer

gene must alter a specific normal behaviour and not
the Question.
merely make the organism ill, so that the genetically
(c) S2 and S3 together are sufficient to answer
induced behavioural change will provide variation that
the Question.
natural selection can act upon, possibly leading to the (d) S1 and S3 together are sufficient to answer
evolution of a new species. the Question.
6 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
22. A series is given with one term missing. Select 26. What is the ratio of bonus earned by both VP‘s
the correct alternative from the given ones that and CEO?
will complete the series.
(a) 2 : 1
Indian, Public, Delhi, Notebook, Vocal, ?
(a) Paper (b) 1 : 1
(b) Subject (c) 1 : 2
(c) Collect
(d) 1 : 3
(d) Notebook

23. How many integers are there between 101 and
200 which have 3 as a digit but only at unit
place and are also divisible by 3?
(a) There are less than 7 but more than 3 such
integers.
(b) There are more than 7 such integers.
(c) There are only 3 such integers.
(d) There are only 6 such integers
Directions for the following 6 (Six) items:
Read the following five passages and answer the items
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items
should be based on the passages only.
Passage 1
Segmenting the labour market and creating a separate
labour market for migrant workers — who are easy to
exploit — has been a common strategy of employers

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Directions for the following 3 (Three) items:

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Refer the data table given below and answer the items across India. The pathetic conditions migrant workers

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that follow
face have been widely documented. They earn low

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Designation Number Annual Bonus as
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wages, work very long hours without any overtime
of salary (in Percent of
67
26

Employee Lakh) annual salary benefits, and are almost without any leave or social
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CEO 1 48 50% protection. Lakhs of unskilled and migrant workers live

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MD 5 26 20%
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on worksites in makeshift huts (usually made of tin

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VP 2 20 30%
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sheets) or on roads, slums and in illegal settlements not

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24. What is the total bonus (in rupees)?

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served by municipalities. They are neither able to save

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(a) Rs. 60 lakh

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much to improve their conditions back in their home

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(b) Rs. 56 lakh

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(c) Rs. 16 lakh States nor save enough to live comfortably in a

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(d) Rs. 62 lakh

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migrating state. They go back home only once or twice

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to celebrate festivals. Semi-skilled workers with some

25. Which of the following is correct with respect
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education and skills (such as those in diamond cutting

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to the data given in the table?

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I. Total bonus of 2 MD‘s is more than that of 2

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and polishing units, power looms and factories) get

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VP‘s.
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slightly higher wages and earn some leave. However,

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II. Total bonus of CEO is more than that of all

MD‘s. these workers are also exploited in multiple ways and
(a) Only l are mostly unprotected. Factory owners, employers and
(b) Only ll traders are only too happy with such a situation as they
(c) Both l and ll
earn huge profits from wage labour exploitation.
(d) Neither l nor ll
7 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
27. On the basis of the above passage, the 29. Which one of the following statement(s) best
following inferences have been made: implies the crux of the passage?
1. Investing in resilience and disaster risk
1. More than 50% of the migrant workers in
reduction is of paramount importance to
India are engaged in either unskilled or ensure agriculture's crucial role in
semi-skilled jobs. achieving a sustainable future.
2. Semi-skilled workers with some education 2. Biological disasters have a disproportionate
impact on the socio-economic
and skills are not exploited as they earn
infrastructure of developing and least
huge profits for their employers. developed countries.
Which of the above statements is/are valid? 3. National level climate mitigation strategy
(a) 1 only should incorporate schemes for sustainable
access to food and livelihoods.
(b) 2 only
(a) 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1 and 3
(d) All of the above
Passage 3
28. What is the crucial message conveyed by the
Families around the world look, feel, and live

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above passage?

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differently today. Families can be ―make or break‖ for

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(a) Labour laws in India are not being

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women and girls when it comes to achieving their

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implemented properly. rights. They can be places of love, care, and fulfillment

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but, too often, they are also spaces where women‘s and
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(b) States need to be more concerned about the
67
girls‘ rights are violated, their voices are stifled, and
26

wellbeing of migrant workers and their

where gender inequality prevails. In today‘s changing
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rights. world, laws and policies need to be based on the reality

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(c) In the long term migrant workers are able of how families live.
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to improve their life back home. 30. With reference to the above passage, the
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following assumptions have been made:

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(d) Migrant labourers constitute majority of the

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1. Families can thrive in happiness and

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workforce in India. security at the expense of its women‘s

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Passage 2 rights.
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2. Families are universally patriarchal.

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At no other point in history have agri-food systems

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3. Laws and regulations regarding family do

faced more hazards such as megafires, extreme
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not adequately address the concerns of

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weather, unusually large desert locust swarms, and

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women.
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emerging biological threats, as during the past year of 4. Freedom of expression within family and
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family fulfilment are mutually exclusive

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the COVID-19 pandemic. Nor have they been seen at

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goals for a woman.

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such frequency, intensity, and complexity. These

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
disasters devastate agricultural livelihoods, inflicting (a) 1 and 4
cascading negative economic consequences from (b) 2 and 4
household to national levels, that could potentially (c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
endure for generations.
8 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 Passage 4
How are the labour market conditions faced by young
people relevant to child labour? In theoretical terms, the
answer is clear. Poor youth employment prospects can
serve as a disincentive to investment in children‘s
32. Which reference to the above passage, the
following assumptions have been made
1. Data localization violates the concept of
free and fair Internet.

education earlier in the life cycle. In other words, in 2. Restricting data flows across geographical
countries where there are few opportunities for decent boundaries is inimical to the growth of
work requiring advanced skills, and where returns to
global business.
education are therefore limited, parents have less
Which of the above assumptions is/are not
reasons to delay their children‘s entry into work and to
incur the costs associated with their children‘s valid?
schooling. By the same reasoning, in countries where (a) 1 only
the demand for skilled labour is high, and returns to
(b) 2 only
education are therefore significant, families have a
(c) Both 1 and 2
strong incentive to postpone their children‘s transition
to work and to instead invest in their education. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
31. What is the most logical and crucial message

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conveyed by the passage? 33. The working efficiency of Lata is twice that of

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(a) Education is seen as less worthy, if it does

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Umesh. If Umesh takes 45 days to finish a

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not lead to gainful employment.
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(b) Education curriculum in India should have work, then how many days will Lata take to
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26

a job-oriented skill building component. finish the same work?

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(c) Tackling child labour in India requires both (a) 23.5 days
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educational reforms and labour market

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(b) 22 days
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reforms.
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(d) Abolition of child labour will perpetuate (c) 22.5 days

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unemployment in India. (d) 21 days

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Passage 5
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Erecting barriers on the internet is called data

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34. News reporter Popatlal saves 14% of his salary

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localization. The movement to localize some or all of

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while his wife who is an anchor saves 22% of

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internet data has grown over the past five years as

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countries introduce new laws restricting data flows, and her salary. If both of them get the same salary
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others try to boost local businesses by placing burdens and their overall savings is Rs. 25200, then
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on international competition. Freedom on the Net

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what is their total earning altogether?

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surveys from Freedom House shows fifty countries in

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(a) Rs. 70,000

the categories of ‗not free‘ or ‗partly free‘ by 2018,
with only 15 countries listed in the category of ‗free.‘ (b) Rs. 36,000
Some of this lack of freedom represents data (c) Rs. 1,40,000
localization requirements by governments.
(d) Rs. 1,08,000

9 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

35. What shall come in place of questions mark (?) 38. Consider the following data:
in the given analogy? Things from which Percentage(%)
government earns money of money
Income tax 14
Union Excise Duty 8
Corporation Tax 13
(a)
GST 15
Custom 3
Non Tax Revenue 6
Borrowings 36
Non Debt Capital Receipts 5
(b)
Non Tax Revenue is approximately how much
percent less than Corporation Tax?
(a) 60%
(b) 54%
(c) 45%
(c) (d) 40%

39. The recurring decimal representation 0.858585

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… is equivalent to

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(a) 3/11

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(d) (b) 4/11

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(c) 28/99.e
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(d) 85/99
26
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Directions for the following 3 (Three) items:

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In a company, manager decided to form a team of four

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36. A die is rolled twice. What is the probability of

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employees for new project. He has seven employees in

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getting a sum equal to 9? all. Among them J, K, L and M are females and X, Y
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(a) 5/36 and Z are males. All the employees are of equal ability
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(b) 1/9 and there must be at least two males in a team.

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(c) 7/36 Employee K cannot work with X. Employee Z cannot

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(d) 2/9 work with M. Employee K cannot work with L.

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40. Which of the following combination cannot be

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formed?
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37. There are six foreigners A, B, C, D, E and F. A

(a) (X, Y, J, L)
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and B are Americans while the rest are

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(b) (X, Z, J, L)
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Europeans. All are short, except D and F. A, C

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(c) (X, Y, M, K)
do

and D are females while others are males. Find

(d) (X, Y, Z, L)
is
Th

which of the following is correct with respect to

them? 41. How many possible teams can be formed?
(a) All male Europeans are short. (a) Five
(b) No American is tall. (b) Seven
(c) C is the shortest person among them. (c) Eight
(d) All females are shorter than males. (d) Six
10 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
42. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) When there are 2 males in the team, then
the possible combinations of teams formed
is less than six.
(b) The number of female employees in the
team cannot be more than that of males.
(c) When there are 3 males in the team, then
the possible combinations of teams formed
is more than two.
(d) None of these
The following graph shows the current petrol and
diesel prices of different cities in India.
45. Two statements S1 and S2 are given below
with respect to six friends A,B,C,D,E and F,
sitting in a circular arrangement, followed by a
question:
S1: C stands second to the right of E. E faces
outside. C is an immediate neighbor of both
D and B. F stands second to the left of D. D
faces the same direction as E.
S2: Only two friends stand between B and E.
Both B and E face inside. E is an
immediate neighbor of both D and F. B is
an immediate neighbor of both C and A. A
is not an immediate neighbor of D.
Question:
What is A‘s position with respect to D?
Which one of the following is correct in respect

)
om
l.c
of the above Statements and the Question?

ai
gm
(a) S1 alone is sufficient to answer the

@
co
43. In how many cities the difference between the Question.
67
.e
prices of petrol and diesel is less than Rs. 8?
26

(b) S2 alone is sufficient to answer the

bh

(a) Five
ha

Question.
(b) Four
ris
y(

(c) Six (c) S1 alone or S2 alone is sufficient to answer

har
ud

(d) Three the question.

ho
C

(d) S1 and S2 together are not sufficient to

h
ab

44. Every morning my father starts walking answer the Question.

h
is
rR

towards East from the house. After walking for

fo

100 metres, he turns to the right and walks 50

ed

46. Consider the following information:

is

metres, then he turns towards left and walks

al
on

300 metres and reaches the temple. Find which P is a perfect number and numbers a, b, c and d
rs
pe

of the following is correct. are all the possible factors of number P.

s
ti
en

(a) My house is in the North-East direction 1. Sum of a, b, c and d is equal to p

m
cu

from the temple. 2. Sum of a, b, c and d is equal to 2p

do

(b) Temple is in the South-West direction of

is

Which of the above is/are true?

Th

my house.
(a) 1 only
(c) Temple is in the South direction of my
house (b) 2 only
(d) My house is in the North-West direction (c) 1 and 2 only
from the temple. (d) None of the above

11 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

47. Two scenario S1 and S2 followed by two
conclusions are given below:
S1: A man turns two right angles
S2: A man turns two straight angles
Conclusions:
1. In first statement, the man is now facing the
opposite direction.
2. In the second scenario, the man has
completed a complete revolution.
Which of the following conclusion is /are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) Both are incorrect
48. A batsman plays in six matches. His score in
first two matches is the same (say x each). In
the third and fourth match, his score is less than
the score in first and second match by 50 runs
49. A number is in the form of p/q. q is a positive
integer. p and q have no common factors other
than 1. Which of the following statements is
definitely correct?
1. p/q is a negative rational number
2. p/q is in standard form of a rational number
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
50. Due to a thunder storm a 52 metre eucalyptus
tree planted on the side of a highway breaks
from a point which is at a height of 1/4 of total
height of the tree. Tip of the broken tree
touches the other end of the highway. What is
the approximate width of the highway?
(a) 42 metres

)
om
(b) 36 metres

l.c
(say x-50 each). Coincidently his scores in fifth

ai
(c) 45 metres

gm
and sixth match is the same as his scores in first

@
and second match (say x each). (d) 32 metres
co
Which of the following graph (horizontal axis .e
67
26

represents matches and vertical axis represents Directions for the following 5 (five) items:
bh

score) reflects the scores made by the batsman? Read the following four passages and answer the items
ha
ris

(a) that follow each passage. Your answers to these items

y(
ar

should be based on the passages only.

h
ud
ho

Passage 1
C
h

Every crisis tests the resilience of society and redefines

ab
h

the social contract between the State and the individual.

is

(b)
rR

State interventions and stimulus packages announced

fo
ed

by governments during the pandemic have expanded

is
al

the role and outreach of the welfare state like never

on
rs
pe

(c) before in history. As The Economist pointed out, earlier

s
ti

during the global financial meltdown of 2008,

en
m

Governments bailed out banks; this time they bailed out

cu
do

citizens. Welfare has also acquired a different

is
Th

connotation ~ from being only for the poorest, it now

(d) practically envelopes almost all whose lives have been
battered by a ruthless virus. People are naturally
demanding stronger social safety nets, but how much of
it would be sustainable without permanently locking
people in a ‗welfare trap‘ is questionable.
12 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
51. Which one of the following statements best
reflects the critical message of the passage?
(a) Unqualified welfarism risks moral hazard
of complacency and entitlement.
(b) Welfare schemes doled out during
unprecedented times should have a sunset
clause.
(c) The role of the welfare state is limited to
the upliftment of its poorest sections.
(d) The privileged sections of society should
be excluded from the purview of financial
incentives and stimulus packages.
Passage 2
In the male-dominated world of science, this year‘s
Nobel chemistry prize should be widely celebrated
worldwide. The recognition that Charpentier and
Doudna work has received will encourage women to
take up science as a career, despite the hard struggle to
balance family life and an arduous life in a scientific
Passage 3
Today human society stands at an important crossroads.
The path that we take hereon will not only determine
our well-being but also that of the generations who will
inhabit our planet after us. The imbalances between our
greed and necessities have led to grave ecological
imbalances. We can either accept this, go ahead with
things as if it is business as usual, or we can take
corrective actions.
53. Which one of the following is the most logical,
rational and crucial message conveyed by the
above passage?
(a) To restore ecological balances, we will
have to drastically change our lifestyle and
live on bare minimum necessities.
(b) Our greed has caused irreparable damage to
the ecology.
(c) We need to control global warming at the
earliest to ensure that future generations

)
om
can live comfortably.

l.c
career. Although CRISPR became a household name

ai
(d) We need to restore the ecological

gm
for its ease of use, other systems discovered before
imbalances by ensuring sustainable

@
CRISPR can cleave DNA at specific sites, an example
co
development.
.e
being the Zinc-finger nucleases. In this, Dana Carroll,
67

Passage 4
26

who developed the system, is another notable exclusion

bh

When we inhale, our nostrils capture millions of

from this year‘s chemistry prize. It would have been an
ha
ris

invisible particles: dust, pollen, sea spray, volcanic ash,

excellent choice if the Nobel committee had named
y(
ar

plant spores. These specks in turn host a teeming

Carroll alongside Charpentier and Doudna.
h
ud

community of bacteria and viruses. A few types may

ho

52. On the basis of the above passage, the

C

trigger allergies or asthma. Far rarer are inhaled

following assumptions have been made:
h
ab

pathogens that are themselves the agents of diseases,

h

1. The field of science and technology is not

is

such as SARS, tuberculosis, and influenza. Over the

rR

immune to patriarchy.
fo

past 15 years I‘ve spent a lot of time poking cotton

ed

2. Managing family is largely considered to

is

swabs up human noses, pig snouts, bird beaks, and

al

be the domain of women even in modern

on

primate proboscises, looking for signs of such agents

rs

societies.
pe

before they cause deadly pandemics. As a result, I‘ve

s

3. There are not many role models for women

ti

come to think of air as the medium for the next

en

in the arena of innovation.

m

pandemic rather than the means to sustain life. But

cu

4. Recognition of women scientists has

do

breathe easy. Most of the microbes in the air do us little

implications on women‘s aspirations.
is
Th

or no harm, and some almost certainly do us good.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
We‘ve just begun to understand how vital they are to
(a) 1 and 4
our health and to the health of the Earth. We pride
(b) 2, 3 and 4 ourselves on having explored nearly every corner of
(c) 1, 2 and 4 this planet, but behind our world is a shadow world of
(d) 4 only microbes—and they are often calling the shots.
13 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
54. Which one of the following is the most logical,
rational and crucial inference that can be
derived from the above passage?
(a) The next pandemic on earth will be caused
by viruses.
(b) Every major event on earth is controlled by
microbes.
(c) Microbes play an important role in
sustaining human life on earth.
58.
(d) To prevent major pandemic, humans need
to maintain proper hygiene.
55. On the basis of the above passage, the
following assumptions have been made:
1. SARS and influenza are caused by viruses
only.
2. Viruses are always harmful, whereas
bacteria can, at times, be beneficial.
57. If X = (1/4-4) – (1/2-7) and Y = (1-3/8-3) – (1/4)-4,
then which of the following is true?
(a) X = Y
(b) X > Y
(c) X < Y
(d) X = 1/Y
Abha, Vibha and Nibha have different amounts
of money with them. Vibha has just double the
amount of money than Abha and Nibha has Rs.
6 more than the amount Abha has. The total
amount of money that Vibha and Nibha have is
Rs. 147. How much money does Nibha have?
(a) Rs. 45
(b) Rs. 53

)
om
3. Bacteria and viruses can enter the human (c) Rs. 51

l.c
ai
body only through nostrils.

gm
(d) Rs. 47

@
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
co
(a) 1 and 3 only .e
67
26

(b) 1 and 2 only 59. Sohan is 165 days older than Ankur and Ankur
bh
ha

(c) 3 only is 107 days older than Vaibhaw. If Sohan was

ris
y(

(d) None born on Saturday, then on which day Ankur

har
ud

and Vaibhaw were born respectively?

ho

56. Two statements are given followed by two

C

(a) Monday and Thursday

h

Conclusions:
ab
h

(b) Wednesday and Friday

is

Statements:
rR
fo

All numbers are divisible by 4. (c) Wednesday and Sunday

ed

All numbers are divisible by 6.

is

(d) Tuesday and Friday

al
on

Conclusion-I:
rs
pe

All numbers are divisible by 8.

s

60. If n is an integer greater than 6 which is

ti

Conclusion-II:
en
m

All numbers are divisible by 12. divisible by 6 but not divisible by 9, then which
cu
do

Which of the above Conclusions logically one of the following is not a prime number?
is
Th

follows/follow from the two given Statements? (a) 2n + 5

(a) Only Conclusion-I
(b) 2n + 3
(b) Only Conclusion-II
(c) Neither Conclusion-I nor Conclusion-II (c) 3n + 1
(d) Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II (d) 3n + 5

14 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

61. In the sum 64. Which one of the following best summarises
@3 + 2@@+ @1 + @ + @@ = 3@@ the content of the passage?
Which digit does the symbol stand for? (a) Passive smoking is as injurious to health as
(a) 5 active smoking.
(b) 4 (b) Schools and maternity homes should be
(c) 3
declared no-smoking zones.
(d) 6
(c) Quitting smoking is an altruistic act.
(d) Smoking is detrimental to respiratory,
62. If the number of boys in a class is 8 times the
cardiovascular and reproductive systems.
number of girls, then which of the following
Passage 2
statements can be concluded?
The idea of a sponge city is to make cities more
l. Total number of boys and girls will always be
a multiple of 3 and 9. permeable so as to hold and use the water which falls
ll. The difference between number of boys and upon it. Sponge cities absorb the rain water, which is
girls cannot be 119. then naturally filtered by the soil and allowed to reach
(a) Only l urban aquifers. This allows for the extraction of water
(b) Only ll from the ground through urban or peri-urban wells.
(c) Both l and ll This water can be treated easily and used for city water

)
om
(d) Neither l nor ll supply. In built form, this implies contiguous open

l.c
ai
gm
green spaces, interconnected waterways, and channels

@
63. What is the least four-digit number which on and ponds across neighbourhoods that can naturally
co
division by 3, 4, 5 and 6 leaves a remainder 2 in .e
detain and filter water. It implies support for urban
67
26

each case?
ecosystems, bio-diversity and newer cultural and
bh

(a) 1012
ha

recreational opportunities. These can all be delivered

ris

(b) 1022
y(

effectively through an urban mission along the lines of

ar

(c) 1122
h
ud

the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban

ho

(d) 1222
C

Transformation (AMRUT), National Heritage City

h
ab

Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY)

h

Directions for the following 3 (three) items:

is
rR

Read the following three passages and answer the items and Smart Cities Mission.
fo
ed

that follow each passage. Your answers to these items 65. On the basis of the above passage, the
is
al

should be based on the passages only. following assumptions have been made:
on
rs

1. Groundwater is the main source of water in

pe

Passage 1
s
ti

Your smoke is also bad for other people - they breathe urban areas.
en
m

in your smoke secondhand and can get many of the 2. The idea of sponge cities hinges on
cu
do

same problems as smokers do. This includes heart retaining natural ways of water absorption.
is
Th

disease and lung cancer. Children exposed to Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
secondhand smoke have a higher risk of ear infections, (a) 1 only
colds, pneumonia, bronchitis, and more severe asthma.
(b) 2 only
Mothers who breathe secondhand smoke while
(c) Both 1 and 2
pregnant are more likely to have preterm labor and
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
babies with low birth weight.
15 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS
 Passage 3 69. When the digits of a two-digit number are
Biodiversity is important for more than just food. For reversed, the number decreases by 45. Sum of
instance, we use between 50,000 to 70,000 plant
species for medicines worldwide. The Great Barrier the least and the highest such two-digit
Reef, a coral reef off the coast of northeastern numbers is-
Australia, contributes about $6 billion to the nation‘s (a) 85
economy through commercial fishing, tourism, and
other recreational activities. If the coral reef dies, many (b) 93
of the fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and plants will (c) 80
die, too. (d) 65
66. Which one of the following is the most logical
and rational inference that can be made from
the above passage? 70. If 1 foot measures 30 cm approximately, then
(a) Conservation of biodiversity is imperative
how many square centimeters are there in 1000
for sustaining ecological and economic
balance. square feet land?
(b) The Great Barrier Reef of Australia (a) 9 × 106
harbours one of the largest biodiverse
(b) 9 × 105
ecosystems in the world.
(c) The oceanic food web is so complex that (c) 3 × 105

)
death of a single species would be (d) 3 × 106

om
l.c
compensated by alternative sources of

ai
gm
food.

@
(d) Food security is one of the most important 71. In a gram panchayat election, 5 panchayat
co
functions of biodiversity. .e
members are to elected including sarpanch
67
26

from 10 candidates. All voters are allowed to

bh

67. AB7C and D2EF are two different four-digit

ha

vote for any number of candidates, not greater

ris

numbers where each letter represents a different

y(

digit less than 8 but greater than 0. If the sum of

ar

than the number to be elected. If a voter votes

h
ud

the two numbers is 5840, then what is the sum

for at least one candidate, then the number of
ho

of the values of E and B?

C
h

(a) 11 ways in which he can vote is:

ab
h

(b) 12
is

(a) 385
rR

(c) 13
fo

(b) 252
ed

(d) 14
is

(c) 637
al
on
rs

68. Jethalal has a total Rs. 5000 with him. He buys (d) 537
pe

a second hand bike from this sum and then sells

s
ti

it to another person, thus making a profit of

en
m

25% on it. With all the money he has now, he 72. How many pairs of natural numbers are there
cu
do

buys another bike and then sells it to another such that the difference of their squares is 45?
is
Th

person making a profit of 20% on it. What is

(a) Two
the total money Jethalal has now?
(a) Rs. 7000 (b) Three
(b) Rs. 6000 (c) Four
(c) Rs. 6500
(d) Only one
(d) Rs. 7500

16 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

73. Mona went to a Mart for shopping during Directions for the following 4 (Four) items:
winter sale, which provides four different Read the following four passages and answer the items
discount schemes. Find which scheme is the that follow each passage. Your answers to these items

most profitable scheme for Mona.
(a) Buy 3 get 2 free
(b) Buy 2 get 1 free
(c) Buy 4 get 3 free
(d) Buy 5 get 3 free
Directions for the following 3 (three) items:
There is a group of six members A, B, C, D, E and F in
a family. They all like different colors - red, blue,
green, white, pink and black but not necessary in the
should be based on the passages only.
Passage 1
The British enslaved India for about two hundred years;
however, they still continue to rule our perception about
ourselves. Till today, our standards of aesthetics,
development and modernity are based on theirs.
Western popular culture dominates our folk culture.
The ability to speak English fluently is seen as a sign of
sophistication. The use of the English language has
seen unprecedented rise in India at the cost of many
native languages that have gone extinct. We continue to

same order. There are two married couples in the seek validation from the West and our tastes,
preferences and choices are strongly influenced by
family. The one who likes white is the grandfather of D
western media.

)
who likes black. B who likes red is married to C. A,

om
77. Which one of the following statements best

l.c
who likes blue, is married to the one who likes green. E

ai
gm
reflects the critical message of the passage?
is the mother of D and F.

@
(a) There is a need to promote regional Indian
co
74. Which of the following pair is not correct? .e
languages over the English language.
67
26

(a) B – red (b) British colonialism in India was responsible

bh
ha

(b) E - green for the birth of modernity in India.

ris
y(

(c) E - blue (c) The British legacy is still influencing

har
ud

(d) A - blue Indian culture, albeit indirectly.

ho
C

(d) Western popular culture is aesthetically

h
ab

superior to Indian folk culture.

h

75. How many females are there in the family?

is
rR

Passage 2
fo

(a) Two
ed

Several studies, for instance, find that early life stress,

is

(b) Three
al

such as neglect or abuse, may set children up for

on

(c) Four
rs

depression later. Others find that a stressful event in

pe

(d) Cannot be determined

s
ti

adolescence or later triggers the disorder. Some

en
m

scientists think there are two parts to developing a

cu
do

76. Colors liked by E and F respectively are: mental disorder. The first is some type of vulnerability.
is
Th

(a) Green and Pink This might be genetic. Or it might be one of those
(b) Pink and Green stressful events early in life. The second is experiencing
(c) Pink and Blue major stress later in life. That might be losing a loved
(d) Black and White one, for example, or being bullied.

17 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

78. Which one of the following statements best
reflects the critical message of the passage?
(a) A happy childhood is the precursor to a
happy adulthood.
(b) Childhood mental illness is a much ignored
issue in society.
(c) Early marriage has a long term impact on
the child‘s future mental health.
Passage 4
Minority rights are based on the recognition that
minorities are in a vulnerable situation in comparison to
other groups in society, namely the majority population,
and aim to protect members of a minority group from
discrimination, assimilation, prosecution, hostility or
violence, as a consequence of their status. It should be

(d) Treatment of depression and mental highlighted that minority rights do not constitute
disorders must involve a thorough analysis privileges, but act to ensure equal respect for members
of life history. of different communities. These rights serve to
Passage 3
accommodate vulnerable groups and to bring all
The SDGs are a roadmap for humanity. They
members of society to a minimum level of equality in
encompass almost every aspect of human and planetary
the exercise of their human and fundamental rights.
wellbeing and, if met, will provide a stable and
80. Which one of the following is the most logical
prosperous life for every person and ensure the health

)
om
l.c
of the planet. But the Covid-19 pandemic also shows us and rational inference that can be made from

ai
gm
the wisdom of what is already inherent in the SDGs; the the above passage?

@
co
challenges we face cannot be dealt with in isolation. .e
(a) Minority rights aim at social mainstreaming
67
26

79. What is the most logical and appropriate of the marginalised sections of society.
bh
ha

conclusion that we can infer from this passage?

(b) Demographic figures are the sole
ris
y(

i. SDGs would be less relevant in post-Covid

ar

determinant of minority-majority
h
ud

world.
ho

classification in a given society.

C

ii. COVID-19 has exposed weaknesses in

h
ab

global food supply chains. (c) Inter-ethnic tensions, divisions and

h
is
rR

iii. The pandemic has re-emphasized the exclusion that remain unaddressed can
fo
ed

‗digital divide‘ and the right to internet access, easily become a source of instability and
is
al
on

particularly for those in rural areas. conflict between the majority and minority
rs
pe

(a) i only
s

population.
ti
en

(b) All i, ii, iii

m

(d) The United Nations does not have any

cu

(c) ii, iii only

do

provision for protection of minority rights.

is

(d) None of these

Th

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