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14982-2017 Anti Stripping Agents
14982-2017 Anti Stripping Agents
14982-2017 Anti Stripping Agents
Indian Standard
ICS 17.140
© BIS 201
20177
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Bitumen, Tar and their Products Sectional Committee had been app roved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related
Products Division Council.
The adhesion between bitumen and aggregate is an important factor for the stability of bituminous pavements.
Very often the cause of damage in road surfacing can be attribut ed to adhesion failure or st ripping of bitumen film
from aggregates. Water during certain conditions has the ability to strip bitumen from aggregate and once this
process starts it is accelerated by traffic. Most of the aggregates are more easily wetted by water than by bitumen.
Anti-stripping agents are used the world-over, to overcome the stripping problem in bituminous pavements. Anti-
stripping agents improve the bond between binder and aggregate. In the presence of anti-stripping agents, the
nature of aggregate surface is changed and aggregate becomes more liophilic (oil loving). Most commonly used
anti-stripping agents now-a-days are long chain organic amines of relatively high molecular weight. The fatty
amines having long hydrocarbon chain are the most suitable anti-stripping agents for bitumen. They are called fatty
amines, as they are produced from fatty acids. To the long fatty hydrocarbon chain an amino group-NHz is attached.
The structure of a saturated amine octadecylamine is shown as under:
CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 NH
2
The physical properties of fatty acid amines depend on the length and nature of t he hydrocarbon chain. The shorter
the chain, the lower the melting point. Unsaturated hydrocarbon chains give lower melting point than saturated
ones. For example, oleyeamine (unsaturated ) is liquid at a temperature o f 25°C. The typical chemical formula for
oleyeamine is as given below:
CH CH CH CH CH = CH CH CH CH CH
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH NH
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
The hydrogenated tallow (saturated) has a melting point of about 50°C. The chemical properties of fatty acid amines
can be varied by changing the number of amine groups and their positions in the molecule. Stearyl diamine is an
example of fatty acid amine which is often used as anti-stripping agent. It contains both primary and secondary amine
groups. Each molecule of these cationic fatty acid amines has a little ‘head’ which attaches itself with incredible force
to the stone aggregate surface irrespective of the presence of water on the aggregate surface; and an elongated ‘body’
which holds on equally strongly to the binder, thus ensuring that the solid is coated with a regular layer of binder. The
balance between the length of the hydrocarbon chain and the number of amine groups has therefore great influences
on the adhesive power of doped bitumen. Short hydrocarbon chai ns are less soluble in bitumen than longer ones and
their bond to the bitumen is weaker. Optimum performance is obtained with 14-18 carbon atom chain amines, with
one or especially two amine groups, one of which is primary amine group. This standard was prepared for the
guidance of the users and manufacturers of the anti-stripping agents of fatty amine type.
Since publication of this standard in 2001, many new technologies have emerged globally. The earlier standard was
product specific to one category of product (amines). This revised standard accommodate all classes of additives
and become performance based. The tensile strength ratio has been added to assess the lo ss of strength under wet
condition. Minimum wet strength is defined in order to ensure the additives do not reduce the absolute value of
wet strength required for pavement performance. Looking at high temperature in our climatic zone and rainy
monsoon season of 3-4 months, the Boil test has been extended from 10 min to 30 min to ensure excellent
retention of bituminous coating to reduce the stripping and raveling further to eliminate pot holes.
Indian Standard
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IS 14982 : 2017
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IS 14982 : 2017
temperature varies between 120°and 175°C for warm/ 10.4 Steel, aluminium containers or plastic such as
hot mixes, depending mainly on the grade of bituminous drums, tanks, etc, are suitable for storage of anti-
binder. With moist and partial ly wet aggregate the stripping agents as specified in material safety data sheet.
desired adhesion can be achieved by addition of anti- Gaskets and hoses, made from teflon or polyamide
stripping agent. The amount of anti-stripping agent to should be used.
be added depends upon the type and viscosity of the
bitumen and type and gradation of aggregate. 11 HANDLING AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Anti-stripping agents dissolve easily in bitumen 11.1 The anti-stripping agents with HMIS rating 0-3
products, If the bitumen temperature is 130°C-175 °C. only can be used with proper safety guidelines.
There are two methods for adding an agent. The most
11.2 When handling anti-stripping agents, always use
commonly used is to pour the calculated amount into
PPEs as per MSDS guidelines provided by anti-stripping
the bitumen tank and allow 15-30 min of circulation to
agent supplier. They should be kept away from public,
ensure a homogeneous mix and in this case it is
especially from children.
necessary to use heat stable anti-stripping agent which
can be stored in hot bituminous binder for 24 h without 11.3 In case of contact with eyes flush with water for
any significant loss in efficiency. The second method is outlast 15 min and follow MSDS.
to co-inject using metering pump when bitumen is
11.4 In case of fire, follow MSDS guidelines.
pumped.
11.5 If spillage has occurred, then also MSDS
In the drum mix process, the aggregate is mixed with
guidelines will be followed to remove contamination.
bitumen in the drum. Very often the aggregate contains
a certain amount of moisture content and normally 12 ADDITIVE DOSAGES
remains in the aggregate after mixing. The required
adhesion in the process can be ensured by use of an 12.1 The dose of anti-stripping agent depends upon the
anti-stripping agent. nature of aggregates, that is, silicate content and the
porosity. Higher quantity of dose is requi red for open
10 STORAGE OF ANTI-STRIPPING AGENTS surfaces like surface dressing bituminous macadam,
open graded premix carpet and mix seal surfacing. In
10.1 Anti-stripping agents are stable at normal
the case of dense bituminous mixes or semi- douse
temperature for many years provided they are stored in
bituminous binder a lesser quantity of anti-stripping
closed drums, barrels or tanks.
agent is required. Follow the guidelines of manufacture
10.2 The anti-stripping agents are freeze thaw stable, to determine optimum dosage which allows meeting
but prolonged storage at low temperature may cause the requirement as specified in Table 1.
liquid anti-stripping agents to freeze. These should be
12.2 The actual dose of anti-stripping agent shall also
allowed to thaw and melt on heating.
depend on the quality of anti-stripping agent. The
10.3 Solid anti-stripping agents should be stored at method for determination of dose concentration is
temperature below their melting point (40-50°C). detailed in Annex C for spray work and Annex D and
Annex E for pre-mix work.
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IS 14982 : 2017
ANNEX A
[Table 1, S1 No. (v)]
TEST FOR SOLUBILITY OF ANTI-STRIPPING AGENT IN SPEED DIESEL OIL
A-1 OUTLINE OF THE METHOD are taken in a measuring cylinder. The cylinder along
with its contents is kept in water-bath maintained at 50
The test determines the solubility of anti-stripping agent
± 1°C for 30 min. Take out the cylinder from water-
in bituminous binder. As bitumen is opaque ( black colour
bath and shake vigorously for 10 min. Remove the
material), high speed diesel oil of the same family is taken
stopper, keep the cylinder in water-bath for 24 h and
to determine the volubility of anti-stripping agent.
examine for separation and settlement.
A-2 REAGENT
A-4 REPORTING OF RESULTS
A-2.1 Diesel Oil An anti-stripping agent is expected to be completely
soluble in high speed diesel oil, If no separation/
A-3 PROCEDURE
settlement is observed after 24 h.
98 ml of the diesel oil and 2 g of anti-stripping agent
ANNEX B
[Table 1, Sl No. (vi)]
TEST FOR THERMAL STABILITY OF ANTI-STRIPPING AGENT
B-1 OUTLINE OF THE METHOD strip agent and bitumen will be prepared and kept i n an
oven at 163°C for 24 h in the sealed condition. After
This test determines whether any degradation in quality
heat exposure, the blended samples can be used for
of anti-stripping agent is caused as a result of its storage
premix sample preparation to meet the specification of
in hot bitumen at 163°C for 24 h.
Table 1 [Sl No. (viii), (ix) and (x)]. For spray it is fluxed
NOTE — Test for spray work. with kerosene oil to obtain cut-back bitumen of
consistency of MC-3000 and tested for under water
B-2 REAGENTS
coating as per Annex C and used as such for HMA
Use cut-back bitumen MC-3000 (4 parts of bitumen mixes test described in Annex D and Annex E.
and one part of kerosene) for spray work and only
bitumen for premix. B-4 REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS
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IS 14982 : 2017
ANNEX C
[Clauses 12.2, B-3 and Table 1, Sl No. (vii)]
UNDER WATER COATING TEST ( FOR SPRAYED WORK)
In a tin container of 1litre capacity, about 200 g of coarse The percent content of anti-stripping agent capable of
aggregate of 13.2 mm nominal size (passing 22.4 mm giving 100 percent coating of coarse aggregate shall
sieve and retained in 11.2 mm sieve) shall be taken. be taken as optimum dose for sprayed work.
ANNEX D
[Clause 12.2 and Table 1, S1 No. (viii)]
COATING RETENTION TEST (FOR PREMIX WORK)
D-1 GENERAL at the room temperature for about 2h. Distilled water
This test is meant for dose determination of anti- shall then be added to submerge the coat ed aggregates
stripping agent for premix work. upto 500 ml mark of beaker.
Put the beaker on hot plate and start h eating, bring the
D-2 PROCEDURE
water temperature to boiling and note the time, continue
The anti-stripping agent shall be blended in percent boiling for 30 more minutes, at 10, 20, 30 min remove
content should be 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0,6, 0.8 and the floating bitumen from the top by spatula to avoid
1 percent in bitumen. These blends shall be used for redeposition.
testing their efficacy in retaining bitumen film on coated
aggregates. D-3 VISUAL INSPECTION
200 g of coarse aggregates of 13.2 mm nominal size The aggregate will be taken out and allow to dry at
(passing 22.4 mm sieve and retained on 11.2 mm sieve) room temperature. The brownish surface as well as
shall be heated to 150°C and mixed with 8g of bitumen completely stripped surface will be considered as
and anti-stripping agent blend at 150°C in a casserole stripped area. Only glossy black or dull black portion
with a spatula. Time of coating should be noted and of the aggregate shall be considered as coated surface.
reported. The material should be heated till mixing is
complete to maintain 150°C mixing temperature. D-4 REPORT
After complete coating the mixture shall be transferred The percentage of anti-stripping agent which retains
to a tray and allowed to conditi on at 135°C for 2 h and 95 per cent coating of the aggregate shall be taken as
then transferred to 500 ml beaker and allowed to cool minimum dose for premix work.
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IS 14982 : 2017
ANNEX E
[ Table 1, Sl (xi)]
DETERMINATION OF RETAINED INDIRECT TENSILE STRENGTH (FOR PREMIX WORK)
E-1 OUTLINE OF THE METHOD The Marshall test specimens shall be prepared using
mix design with optimum binder content with specified
A numerical index of reduced Indirect Tensile Strength
percent anti-stripping agents. T he temperature of the
(ITS) is obtained by comparing indirect tensile strength
mixing should not exceed 175°C. Mixes should be
of the freshly moulded and cured samples with the
prepared with maximum 120 coating time and further
indirect tensile strength of triplicate samples at 30 blows
conditioned at 135°C for 2 h. Six specimens should be
from both sides that have been immersed in water for
prepared with 30 blows on each side at 135 °C.
24 h at 60°C.
Each set of 6 test specimens shall be sorted out in two
E-2 APPARATUS groups of 3 each so that the average speci fic gravity of
the specimens in Group I shall b e almost the same as in
E-2.1 Water-Baths
Group II. Group I specimen shall be tested for indirect
E-2.1.1 Automatically controlled water-bath for tensile strength. Keep the samples at room temperature
bringing the immersed test samples to 60 ± 1°C for and then place in a 25°C water bath for 2 h prior to
indirect tensile strength test. determining their indirect tensile strength. Group II
specimens shall be immersed in water at 60°C for 24 h.
E-2.1.2 Water-Bath for Density Measurement — An
and then conditioned in water at 25°C for 2 h and then
ordinary water-bath for weighing the test samples in
tested for tensile Strength. Retained indirect tensile
water in order to determine their densities.
strength will be calculated as under:
E-2.2 Balance — Suitable for weighing the test samples
Retained tensile strength, percent
in air and water.
E-2.3 Transfer Plates — Sufficient number of flat steel Average tensile strength of Group II
= × 100
plates of sufficient size to keep the test samples. A Average tensile strength of Group I
NOTE — The wat er used for the wet stor age of test samples
shall be either distilled or otherwise treated to eliminate Average tensile strength of Group II will be wet average
electrolytes with conductivity less than 10 micro Siemens/cm. tensile strength.
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IS 14982 : 2017
ANNEX F
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Bitumen and Related Products, PCD 06
Organization Representative(s)
CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi PROF SATISH CHANDRA (Chairman )
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, (R&D), Noida SHRI P. S. VISWANATHAN
MS SONAL MAHESHWARI (Alternate)
Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee DR B. SINGH
DR RAJANI LAKHANI (Alternate)
Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi SHRI M. N. NAGABHUSHANA
MS A MBIKA BEHL (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SHRI V. K. SHARMASHRI
S. B. JHAMB (Alternate)
Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research, Chennai Petroleum DR A. BHATTACHARYA
Corporation Limited, Chennai SHRI S. KUMAR (Alternate I)
SHRI H. RAMAKRISHNAN (Alternate II)
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd, Kochi Refinery, Kerala SHRI D INESHCHANDRAN P.
SHRI PRADEEPKUMAR T. (Alternate)
Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi SHRI S. K. RASTOGI
Directorate of General Border Roads, New Delhi SHRI P. D A RORA
SHRI J ITENDRA PRASAD ( Alternate)
Engineer-in-Chief’s Army H.Q, New Delhi COL R. JAYAPRASAD
COL O. P. SRIVATAVA ( Alternate)
Essar Oil, Mumbai DR PRADEEP PRABHU
SHRI A MAR KUMAR (Alternate)
G R Infra-projects Ltd, New Delhi SH. U. C. GUPTA
Highway Research Station, Chennai SHRI T HIRU P. HARIRAJ
SHRI T HIRU. K. C. PARMESWARAN ( Alternate)
Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mumbai SHRI S UBIR K UMAR S OMADDAR
SHRI K. SRI G ANESH ( Alternate I)
SHRI ANINDYA G HOSH ( Alternate II)
Hindustan Colas Limited, Mumbai SHRI T. K. SUBHAASH
SHRI V. K. SHROTE ( Alternate I)
SHRI T EJBIR S INGH ( Alternate II)
Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun DR M ANOJ S RIVASTAVA
SHRI ANAND SINGH ( Alternate)
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee DR S ATISH C HANDRA
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd [(R&D) Centre], Faridabad SHRI BRIJ BEHARI
SHRI P. P. CHAUKIMATH (Alternate)
Indian Oil Corporation (Refinary Devision), New Delhi SHRI P. P. CHAUKIMATH
SHRI BRIJ BEHARI (Alternate)
Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi THE SECRETARY G ENERAL
THE D IRECTOR ( Alternate)
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi SHRI ASHOK W ASAN
SHRI SANJAY NIRMAL (Alternate)
Ministry of Defence (DGQA), New Delhi SHRI G. S. LALSHRI
R. S. DIWAKAR (Alternate)
National Test House, Kolkata SHRI U K P ANDIT
SHRI VINAY K UMAR ( Alternate)
National Rural Road Development Agency, New Delhi SHRI PRABHA KANTH KATARE
OOMS Polymer Modified Bitumen Pvt Ltd, Gurugram SHRI B. R. TYAGI
SHRI PALASH KATHAL (Alternate)
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IS 14982 : 2017
Organization Representative(s)
Member Secretary
SHRI CHANDRAKESH SINGH
Scientist ‘C’, BIS
8
(Continued from second cover )
In the formulation of this standard assistance has been derived from following standards:
AASHTO T 283 ‘Standard Method of Test for Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures to Moisture-
Induced Damage’
ASTM D 3625 ‘Standard Practice for Effect of Water on Bituminous-Coated Aggregate Using Boiling
Water’
The Composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex F.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960
‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of th e specified value in this stand ard.
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act , 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.
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without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: PCD 06 (2895).