Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Important Questions - FMT
Important Questions - FMT
Important Questions - FMT
[Dr. M. Sreenivasan, Professor of FMT, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Chennai]
FORENSIC MEDICINE
[Bold → Most Important]
INTRODUCTION
1 Mark/2 Marks:
LEGAL PROCEDURE
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Define Inquest, Types; Executive Magistrates, Circumstances where Magistrate’s Inquest done;
Panchas, Panchanama; Coroner’s inquest, Medical Examiner’s system; Criminal courts of India;
Powers of Sessions court [Death sentence should be confirmed by High court], Powers of Judicial
Magistrates; Cognizable Offences; Conduct Money; Compos mentis; Dying Deposition; Exceptions
to oral evidence; Hostile witness; Perjury; Leading question, where it is allowed, when leading
question allowed in Direct examination; Standard of Proof
5 Marks / Essay:
Inquest; Subpoena; Dying Declaration; Cross Examination; Conduct & Duties of Dr. in witness
box
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
5 marks / Essay:
Functions of Indian Medical Council; Functions of State Medical Council; Warning Notice;
Duties of Medical Practitioners [esp. with respect to consultation]; Privileged communication
with Examples; Differences between Civil & Criminal negligence; Rules of Consent; Consumer
Protection Act [CPA/COPRA]; Transplantation of Human Organs Act [THOA]
-2-
IDENTIFICATION
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Corpus Delicti; Sex chromatins [Barr & Davidson Body]; Medullary index of bones; Incremental
lines of Boyde; Rule of Haase; Anthropometry/Bertillon system [Limitation: Applicable only for
adults above 21 yrs]; Poroscopy [Locard’s Test/Method]; Latent, Visible & Plastic fingerprints;
Podogram; Palatoprints; Cheiloscopy; Methods of Erasure of Tattoo marks; Pink Teeth
5 Marks / Essay:
MEDICO-LEGAL AUTOPSY
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Skin incision types; Virchow’s, Letulle, Rokitansky & Ghon’s methods of viscera removal
[Evisceration Techniques]; Undertaker’s fracture; Method of Scalp incision & skull cap removal;
Psychological autopsy; Virtopsy / Digital autopsy; Viscera preserved; Formulae for Stature
estimation from long bones; Method of heart dissection.
5 Marks / Essay:
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Types of death; Bishop’s Tripod of life; Moment of Death; Types of Brain death; Diagnosis of
Brain-stem death; 3 Modes of death; 4 types of Anoxia [esp. histotoxic anoxia]; Petechial
haemorrhages/Tardieu spots/Ecchymoses]; Asphyxial stigmata; Manner of death; Agonal
period; Drug Idiosyncrasy; Cardiac Tamponade/Haemopericardium [MLI: Sudden Death]
5 Marks / Essay:
POST-MORTEM CHANGES
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
-3-
5 Marks / Essay:
Classification: Immediate. Early & Late Post-mortem changes; Changes in the Eye; Post-
mortem hypostasis with MLI; Rigor-mortis; Conditions simulating Rigor-mortis; Differences
between Rigor-mortis & Cadaveric spasm; 3 Characteristic features of Decomposition;
Adipocere with MLI; Mummification with MLI; Estimation of PM interval
MECHANICAL INJURIES
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Injury [S.44 IPC]; Classification of Mechanical & Thermal injuries; Shear strain; Graze/Brush/
Friction Burn; Patterned abrasions; Difference between AM & PM abrasions; Differential
Diagnosis of Abrasions; Black Eye -- Ectopic bruising/Percolated/Migratory contusion; Railway
line or Tram line Bruise; Delayed/Come-out Bruise; Difference between Hypostasis & Bruise;
Incised-looking lacerations [Scalp, Iliac crest, shin]; Lacerated looking incised wounds [Axilla,
Scrotum]; Flaying/Avulsion lacerations; Tissue bridges; Hesitation marks/Tentative cuts/Trial
wounds; Chop wounds; Punctured, penetrating & Perforating Stab wounds, Fishtailing;
Concealed Puncture wounds; Shape of external wound by single & double edged knife; Hara-
kiri; Defence wounds; Self-inflicted/Fabricated wounds; Firearm—Definition & Classification;
“Rifling”; Calibre/Guage determination of Rifled weapon & Shot gun; “Choking” in case of
Firearm; Rifled slugs; Composition of Black powder, Smokeless & Semi-smokeless powder; Copy
Recoil abrasion; Blackening/Smudging/Fouling; Tattooing/Stippling/Peppering];
Abrasion/Contusion collar; Grease/Dirt collar; Puppe’s Rule; “Shored” exit wound; Yawning
bullet; Tumbling bullet; Ricochet Bullet; Tandem bullet/ Piggyback bullet; Souvenir bullet;
Duplex/Tandem cartridge; Primary & Secondary markings on a bullet; Kennedy phenomenon;
Tests for firearm residues [Dermal nitrate test]
5 Marks / Essay:
Abrasions; Contusions/Bruises; Difference between Incised, Lacerated & Stab wounds;
Wounds from Shotguns; Wounds from Revolvers & Pistols; Difference between Entrance &
Exit gun-shot wound
-4-
REGIONAL INJURIES
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Signature #; Pond #; Gutter #; Coup & contrecoup lesions; Shear strain; Concussion of Bran;
Diffuse Axonal injury; Retraction balls; Lucid Interval in Head injury; Berry aneurysm;
Whiplash injury; Railway spine; Flail/stove-in Chest; Types of Liver laceration; Primary impact,
Secondary impact & Secondary/Tertiary injuries; Hinge/motorcyclists #; Boxer’s haemorrhage;
Punchdrunk syndrome
5 Marks / Essay:
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
S.44 IPC; S.304-A IPC; S.319 IPC; Dangerous weapons; S.304-B IPC; Falanga/Falaka/Bastinado;
Telefono; Crush syndrome; Stains used for detecting Fat embolism; Vital Reaction; Enzyme
histochemistry;
5 Marks / Essay:
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
THERMAL INJURIES
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Frost-bite; Trench/Immersion foot; Paradoxical undressing; Hide & Die syndrome; Rule of 9;
“SOOT”; Pugilistic attitude; Heat Rupture; Heat haematoma; Difference between ante-mortem
& Post-mortem burns; Joule burn; Crocodile flash burn; Bone pearls/Wax drippings; Cause of
death in electrocution; Arborescent burns/Filigree burns/Lichtenberg’s flowers;
5 Marks / Essay:
Wilson’s classification of Burns, Causes of Death, P.M. features & MLI of deaths due to Burns
STARVATION
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Loss of 40 % of body weight is fatal; causes of death; Fatal period; Organ distended; Article 21
of constitution of India; Criteria to start forceful feeding
-5-
MECHANICAL ASPHYXIA
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
5 Marks / Essay:
Hanging & Drowning: Definition, Types, Cause of Death, P.M. features& MLI; Difference
between Hanging & Ligature strangulation; Diatoms
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
5 Marks / Essay:
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Difference between Divorce & Nullity of marriage; Types of Hymen; False virgin; Quickening &
MLI; Pseudocyesis/spurious/phantom pregnancy; Superfecundation; Superfoetation;
Legitimacy; Atavism; Lochia
5 Marks / Essay:
SEXUAL OFFENCES
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Classification, Exception to S.375 IPC; Statutory Rape; Marital Rape; Lugol’s Iodine test;
Smegma & MLI; Incest; Sodomy/Buggery/Gerontophilia/Pedophile/Paederasty/Catamite;
Hijrahs; Zenana; Tribadism; Nymphomania; Satyriasis; Bestiality; Define Sexual perversion;
Sadism [Active algolagnia]; Lust murder; Masochism [Passive algolagnia]; Necrophagia;
Necrophilia; Fetichism; Voyeurism/Scoptophilia; Oedipus complex; Electra complex; Indecent
Assault; Acid phosphatase Test
5 Marks / Essay:
-6-
ABORTION
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Define Abortion; Ecbolics & Emmenagogues; Cupping; Duties of Dr. in a case of criminal
abortion; Causes of death in criminal abortion
5 Marks / Essay:
MTP Act [Indications & Rules]; Methods of MTP in I, II & III Trimester
INFANT DEATHS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Define Infanticide, Stillbirth, Deadbirth; Maceration & its earliest sign; Spalding’s sign;
Livebirth; When the Hydrostatic test not required; Vagitus uterinus; Vagitus vaginalis;
Precipitate labour; Abandoning of infants; Concealment of Birth; Infantile whiplash syndrome;
Nobbing #;
5 Marks / Essay:
BLOOD STAINS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
5 Marks / Essay:
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Delirium; Define: Delusion, Illusion & Hallucination; Erotomania; Impulse & Types,
Obsession/Obsessive compulsive neurosis; Lucid Interval; Idiocy, Imbecility &
Feeblemindedness [Moron]; Define Schizophrenia; Mens rea; Actus reus; Mc Naughten Rule-
S.84 IPC; Automatism; Somnambulism & MLI; Somnolentia & MLI
Contd…
-7-
5 Marks / Essay:
Delusion & Types; Admission & Discharge of mentally ill person in Psychiatric Hospital;
Testamentary Capacity
ARTEFACT
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
5 Marks / Essay:
TOXICOLOGY
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Define Poison; Characters of Ideal Homicidal & Suicidal poison with examples; Stupefying
agents; Arrow poisons; Aphrodisiacs; Drugs having both local & remote action; Drug
Idiosyncracy; Parasuicide; Poisons detected by Smell; Drug automatism; Universal antidote;
Poisons causing constriction/dilatation of pupils & nystagmus; Poisons acting on Enzymes
5 Marks / Essay:
AGRICULTURAL POISONS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
5 Marks / Essay:
-8-
CORROSIVES
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Vitriolage & MLI; Xanthoproteic reaction; Treatment of Oxalic acid poisoning; Carboluria;
Oochronosis; Difference between Acid & Alkali poisoning
HEAVY METALS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Arsenic: Differences with Cholera; Raindrop type pigmentation; Aldrich-Mees lines; Permissible
level in ground water; Arsenophagists; Mercury: Hydrargyrism; Danbury tremors;
Hatter’s/Glassblower’s shakes; Concussio mercurialis, Mercurial erethism, Mercurialentis,
Acrodynia/Pink disease; Minimata disease; Lead: Plumbism/Saturnism; Punctate
basophilia/Basophilic stippling; Burtonian Line; Treatment of Copper sulphate poisoning;
Antidote for Iron poisoning
5 Marks / Essay:
INORGANIC IRRITANTS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Phossy jaw; Chemical antidote for Phosphorus poisoning; Iodism; Iodide mumps; Ioderma
ORGANIC IRRITANTS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
5 Marks / Essay:
-9-
CNS DEPRESSENTS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Ethyl Alcohol:-- “Proof spirit”; % in different beverages; Safe limits for drinking; Mc Ewan Sign;
F.D., Alcoholics Anonymous; Define Drunkenness; Widmark formula;
Breathanalyser/Breathalyser/Alcometer/Drunkometer; Delirium Tremens; Wernicke’s
Encephalopathy; Korsakoff psychosis; Methyl alcohol:-- Eye manifestations, F.D.& Antidotes
[Ethanol & 4-Methylpyrazole/Fomepizole]; Opium/Papaver somniferum:-- Opium alkaloids,
Classification & Antidote; Barbiturates:-- Classification, F.D., “Barbiturate blisters”, Barbiturate
automatism
5 Marks / Essay:
3 Stages of Alcoholic intoxication & Treatment; Clinical features & Treatment of Opium
poisoning; Clinical features & Treatment of Barbiturate Poisoning
PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
MISCELLANEOUS POISONS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Reye’s syndrome; F.D. & Antidote for Paracetamol poisoning; Insulin:-- Non-insane automatism
DELIRIANTS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Datura: Active principles, Difference from chilli seeds, “Road”/ “Railway poison”;
Cannabis sativa:-- Different forms with % of Active principle [Delta-1-Tetrahydracannabinol] in
each, “Reefer/Joint”, “Run-amok”; Cocaine:-- “Snorting”; “Speedball”, Magnan
symptom/Cocaine bugs/Formication/Tactile hallucination;
5 Marks / Essay:
-10-
DRUG DEPENDENCE
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Define Drug; Difference between drug addiction & habituation; drugs causing addiction &
habituation; “Hot shot”; “Crack”; Body packer & Body stuffer syndromes; Huffing; Bagging,
Glue-sniffing; “Mainliners”
5 Marks / Essay:
SPINAL POISONS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Strychnos nux vomica:-- Active principles, Action, Risus sardonicus, Opisthotonus, F.D.,
Differences from Tetanus
CARDIAC POISONS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Nicotiana tabacum:-- Active principles, F.D., Fatal period [rapidly acting poison next to
cyanide], Antidote; Nerium odorum:-- Active principle, F.D.& MLI; Cerbera Thevetia:-- Active
principles, F.D.; Aconite [Monk’s hood]:-- Active principles, Difference from Horse-radish root,
Hippus, F.D. & MLI
ASPHYXIANTS
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
Hydrogen sulphide:-- “Sewer gas”, Mechanism of Action & Treatment; “Laughing gas”; “Marsh
gas”; Lacrimators/Tear Gases; Biological warfare; Hydrocyanic acid:-- 3 forms, Action, F.D.,
Fatal period, Antidotes
5 Marks / Essay:
Cyanide poisoning: Clinical features & Treatment
FOOD POISONING
1 Mark / 2 Marks:
5 Marks / Essay: