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A fallacy in which it compare an issue, event, person, or object to another but the comparison can
confuse or mislead the audience. False Analogy
A fallacy that states the very thesis as its proof. Circular Reasoning
A language that is used in academic, business, and official texts. Formal Language
A part of a text in which it usually contains the thesis statement, and provides the necessary
context about the topic of the text. Introduction
A part of the text in which it prepares the readers for information that they are about to read.
Introduction
A pattern of development in which is discusses the steps taken in a given process. Process Analysis
A pattern of development that has a straightforward approach, the problem is simply stated, and
possible solution is given. Problem Solution
A philosopher that introduced the Modes of Persuasion and used these modes to teach his
students how to convince their audience. Aristotle
A punctuation mark that is used to indicate a stop or break that is more grounded than a comma
but not as strong as a period. Semicolon
A sequences of events, as the writer fells what happened first, second, third, and so on.
Chronological Order
READING & WRITING
A source of information that has two types: the account of an eye witness and the experts opinion.
Testimony
A type of argument that the writer opposes the point made by attacking the person who makes
them. Ad Hominem
A type of claim in which the statement is proposing an action that should be undertaken as a
solution to a particular problem. Claim of Policy
A type of claim that affirms or asserts that a statement is true or untrue. It argues that a statement
is indeed a fact, or it describes a particular term. Claim of Fact
A type of fallacy in which two events that happen sequentially are casually related. Faulty Cause
and Effect
A type of language that is used in personal text meant for family, friends, and colleagues. Informal
Language
A type of order in which the details are arranged according to the least important idea to the most
important one vice versa. Order of Importance
In this form of unbiased language, the communicator should be more careful not to favor a certain
gender when constructing a statement. Gender- neutral- language
It aims to be factual in its approach and this appeals to logic and reason. Logos
It is an appeal to ethics, it focuses on using the credibility of the writer to convince the audience.
Ethos
It is an unsatisfactory situation that causes troubles or difficulties that needs to be solved. Problem
READING & WRITING
It is done to illustrate how people, things places, events, situations or even ideas are different to
each other. Contrast
It is done to illustrate how people, things, places, events, situations, or even ideas are similar to
each other. Comparison
It is similar to familiar language, as it makes use of words that are commonplace and easy to
understand. Simple Language
It makes use of words that get straight to the point. Direct Language
The details are arranged according to how things fit together in a physical space. Spatial Order
The effect is stated at the beginning of the text and this is the best for presenting a single effect
with different causes. Effect to Cause
These are frequently used sources of information in persuasive writing. Facts, Statistics,
Judgement, and Testimony
These are the small parts of your writing that stick everything together to ensure that everything
makes sense and that emphasis is placed where you want it to be. Mechanics
READING & WRITING
This intends to convince readers to believe in an idea and to perform an action. Persuasive writing
This refers to what the writers assumes about his or her topic given the facts. Judgement
This source of evidence can in facy be very persuasive because numbers do not lie. Statistics
What are the three modes of persuasion? Ethos, Pathos, and Logos
What language is similar to familiar language, as it makes use of words that are commonplace and
easy to understand? Simple Language