Laconi, Rodgers & Chabrol (in press) The measurement of Internet addiction: A critical Review of Existing Scales and

Their Psychometric Properties. Computers in Human Behavior

Table 1

Measures of Internet Addiction

Samples
Measures Authors Citations Theoretical basis It S Authors Countries α
n M SR
Adolescent Computer Siomos et al.,
1 Pathological gambling 20 5 Siomos et al., 2009 Greece .93 1389 ado -
Addiction Test (ACAT) 2009
Adolescent Pathological Cognitive-behavioral .80-
Lei & Yang, 2007 11 38 5 Lei & Yang, 2007 China 1331 ado 1.0
Internet Use Scale (APIUS) theory .94
Checklist for the Assessment
Wölfling et al.,
of Internet and Computer 5 Substance dependence 14 2 Wölfling et al.,2010 Germany .89 141 23.3 16.6
2010
game Addiction (AICA-C)
26 4 Chen et al., 2003 China .93 844 - -
26 4 Ko et al., 2005b Taiwan .94 454 15.2 2.1
Substance dependence
Chen Internet Addiction 26 4 Kesici & Sahin, 2010 Turkey .94 146 21.4 .7
Chen et al., 2003 131 and pathological
Scale (CIAS) 26 4 Ramezani et al., 2012 Iran .93 214 23 -
gambling
26 4 Lai et al., 2013 China .97 844 15.9 .6
26 4 Zhang & Xin, 2013 China - 467 23.3 .5
Chinese Internet Addiction .80-
Huang et al., 2007 42 Pathological gambling 31 5 Huang et al., 2007 China 516 20.7 .9
Inventory (CIAI) .90
14 5 Meerkerk et al., 2009 Netherlands .89 447 38.5 .9
14 5 Alavi et al.2011 Iran .89 400 Us -
9 4 Cartierre et al., 2011 France .85 269 13.8 .9
Substance dependence Switzerland
Compulsive Internet Use Meerkerk et al., 14 5 Khazaal et al., 2012 .78 155 17.6 .9
178 and pathological (arabic)
Scale (CIUS) 2009
gambling - - Peukert et al., 2012 Germany - 2506 Us -
14 5 Wartberg et al., 2013 Germany .92 1723 15.5 1.0
14 5 Guertler et al., 2014b Germany .90 292 35.2 4.3
14 5 Guertler et al., 2014a Germany .90 8132 14-64 4.3
Computer and Internet Use Pratarelli et al.,
139 Substance dependence 91 2 Pratarelli et al., 1999 USA - 341 22.8 .9
(CIU) 1999
Computer and Internet Use 2 Pratarelli & Pratarelli & Brown, .57-
115 Substance dependence 74 5 USA 524 20.4 1.0
(CIU-2) Brown, 2002 2002 .89
Substance dependence
Diagnostic Criteria of
Ko et al., 2005a 166 and pathological 13 2 Ko et al., 2005a Taiwan - 454 15.2 2.1
Internet Addiction (DC-IA)
gambling
 Laconi, Rodgers & Chabrol (in press) The measurement of Internet addiction: A critical Review of Existing Scales and Their Psychometric Properties. Computers in Human Behavior

Diagnostic Scale For Internet

Addiction Disorder Liu et al., 2006 0 - 17 5 Liu et al., 2006 China - 1831 - -
(DSFIAD)
Excessive Internet Use Risk Cognitive-behavioral 41 5 Kaliszewska, 2007 Poland .94 361 25.3 .9
Kaliszewska, 2007 2
Scale (SNUI) theory 41 5 Kaliszewska, 2011 Poland .94 405 35 .9
.78-
29 5 Caplan, 2002 USA 386 20 .4
Generalized Problematic Cognitive-behavioral .85
Caplan, 2002 500
Internet Use Scale (GPIUS) theory 29 5 Li et al.,2008 China .91 667 - -
29 5 Alavi et al.2009 Iran .90 400 Us -
15 8 Caplan, 2010 USA .91 785 33.1 2.2
Gamez-Guadix et
15 6 Mexico .90 1491 14.5 1.1
Generalized Problematic al.,2012
Cognitive-behavioral
Internet Use Scale 2 Caplan, 2010 83 .78-
theory 15 8 Fioravanti et al., 2013 Italia 371 18.0 .5
(GPIUS-2) .89
Gamez-Guadix et
15 6 Spain .91 1021 14.9 .6
al.,2013
8 2 Young, 1996 USA - 396 15.5 .6
Johansson &
8 2 Norway .75 3237 14.9 1.0
Götestam, 2004
Internet Addiction
10 2 Shek et al.,2008 China .75 6121 ado 1.0
Diagnostic Questionnaire Young, 1996 22 Pathological gambling
Dowling & Quirk,
(IADQ) 8 2 Australia .72 424 22.2 .4
2009
8 2 Frangos et al., 2010 Greece .71 1876 19.5 .8
8 2 Osada, 2013 Japan .72 299 19.4 1.6
Internet Addiction Disorder - Goldberg, 1995 Substance dependence 7 2 Goldberg, 1995 USA - - - -
Diagnostic Criteria (IAD- 15 7 2
Shek et al., 2008 China .68 6121 ado 1.0
DC)
Internet Addiction Disorder
Zan et al., 2008 0 Substance dependence 13 2 Zan et al., 2008 China - 963 - -
Diagnostic Scale (IADDS)
Internet Addiction Predict
Fan et al., 2008 3 - 56 - Fan et al., 2008 China .72 1363 13.6 1.1
Test (IAPT)
Internet Addiction Cognitive-behavioral 28 4 Wang, 2001 Australia .94 217 24.9 0.4
Wang, 2001 136
Questionnaire (IAQ) theory 10 5 Lu et al., 2011 Japan .85 146 42.4 1.7
Internet Addiction
Nyikos et al.,2001 2 Pathological gambling 30 5 Nyikos et al.,2001 Hungary .92 182 26.3 2.7
Questionnaire (IAQ)
18-
Internet Addiction Scale Nichols & Nicki, 31 5 Nichols & Nicki, 2004 Canada .95 234 1.3
131 Substance dependence 24
(IAS) 2004
31 5 Canan et al., 2010 Turkey .92 300 16.3 1.2
 Laconi, Rodgers & Chabrol (in press) The measurement of Internet addiction: A critical Review of Existing Scales and Their Psychometric Properties. Computers in Human Behavior

20 5 Young, 1998 USA - 496 - -

- - Kim, 2000 Korea, South - - - -
Widyanto &
20 5 UK .71 86 25.4 .5
Mcmurran, 2004
.63-
20 5 Ngai, 2007 China 988 ado -
.82
Chang & Man Law,
20 5 China - 205 Us .8
2008
20 5 Khazaal et al., 2008 Switzerland .93 246 24.1 .4
20 5 Alavi et al., 2010 Iran .88 233 Us -
20 5 Korkeila et al., 2010 Finland .92 1825 24.7 .8
20 6 Poprawa, 2011 Poland .93 6119 22.7 1.7
20 5 Widyanto et al.,2011 UK - 225 25.2 .4
.89-
20 5 Barke et al., 2012 Germany 1882 23.8 .8
.91
Chong Guan et al.,
20 5 Malaysia .91 162 19 .5
2012
Jelenchik, Becker & .83-
20 6 USA 215 18.8 -
Internet Addiction Test Moreno, 2012 .91
Young, 1998 1096 Pathological gambling
(IAT) Panayides & Walker,
20 3 Greece - 604 ado .9
2012
20 5 Pawlikowski et Germany .89 584 25.6 .5
12 5 al.,2012 Germany .84 465 31.8 1.1
Puerta-Cortes et al.,
20 5 Spain .89 1117 20.9 .6
2012
20 5 Faraci et al., 2013 Italia .91 485 24.0 0.4
20 6 Hawi, 2013 Lebanon .92 817 15 -
20 6 Keser et al., 2013 Turkey .90 480 ado -
- - Kim et al, 2013 Korea, South - 52 21.7 9.4
20 5 Lai et al., 2013 China .93 844 15.9 .6
20 5 Lee et al., 2013 Korea, South .91 279 32.9 .5
20 5 Osada, 2013 Japan .93 299 19.4 1.6
Popovic-Citic & Slovenia
20 5 .91 814 12.9 .9
Markovic, 2013
20 5 Karim & Nigar, 2013 Bangladesh .89 177 22.3 1.2
20 5 Watters et al., 2013 Canada .93 1948 17.0 .6
20 5 Zhang & Xin, 2013 China - 467 23.3 .5
20 5 Guertler et al., 2014b Germany .89 292 35.2 4.3
 Laconi, Rodgers & Chabrol (in press) The measurement of Internet addiction: A critical Review of Existing Scales and Their Psychometric Properties. Computers in Human Behavior

DSM-IV data, opinions 35 5 Gunuc & Kayri, 2010 Turkey .94 754 15.8 1.4
Internet Dependency Scale Gunuc & Kayri,
13 of students and
(IDS) 2010 35 5 Kayri, 2010 Turkey .94 754 15.8 1.4
literature
Internet Over-use Scale
Jenaro et al., 2007 105 Pathological gambling 23 6 Jenaro et al., 2007 Spain .88 337 21.6 .3
(IOS)
Internet Related Addictive
Brenner, 1997 497 Substance dependence 32 2 Brenner, 1997 USA .87 563 34 2.7
Behavior Inventory (IRABI)
Internet Related Experiences Substance dependence 20 4 Beranuy et al., 2009 Spain .77 1879 15.5 .8
Beranuy et al.,
Questionnaire (IREQ - 12 and pathological
2009 10 4 Casas et al., 2013 Spain .79 525 14.1 .9
CERI) gambling
20 10 Armstrong et al., 2000 Australia .87 52 - 1.2
.62-
Internet Related Problem Armstrong et al., 20 4 Widyanto et al., 2008 UK 79 36.6 .2
362 Substance dependence .84
Scale (IRPS) 2000
.60-
20 10 Widyanto et al.,2011 UK 225 25.2 .4
.90
Participants’ attitudes
Monetti et al., regarding how Internet
Internet Usage Scale (IUS) 2 22 4 Monetti et al., 2011 USA .74 947 ado .9
2011 usage affects their
behavior
Substance dependence
Rotunda et al., .65-
Internet Use Survey (IUS) 45 and pathological 32 5 Rotunda et al., 2003 USA 393 27.6 .8
2003 .90
gambling
.79-
Internet Using Test (IUT) Poprawa, 2011 1 - 22 6 Poprawa, 2011 Poland 6119 22.7 1.7
.89
Internet-user Assessment
Chow et al., 2009 12 Pathological gambling 26 2 Chow et al., 2009 China - 3523 12 1.2
Screen (IAS)
40 4 Kang & Oh, 2001 Korea, South - - - -
40 4 Kim et al., 2002 Korea, South .95 - - -
Korea Internet addiction
Kang & Oh, 2001 4 - Korea, South .89-
scale (K-scale) 20 4 Kim, 2008 - - -
.91
20 4 Lee et al., 2013 Korea, South - 279 32.9 .5
Korean Internet addiction
Park, 2005 3 - 23 - Park, 2005 Korea, South >.75 1037 - -
Index (KIAI)
36 7 Davis et al., 2002 USA .94 211 21.7 .9
Online Cognition Scale Cognitive-behavioral 36 7 Özcan & Buzlu, 2005 Turkey .91 148 21 .3
Davis et al., 2002 372 36 7 Zec, 2005 Croatia .94 657 23.7 20.1
(OCS) theory
- - Song & Yang, 2007 China .93 538 ado -
10 7 Jia & Jia, 2009 USA .85 267 Us 1.8
 Laconi, Rodgers & Chabrol (in press) The measurement of Internet addiction: A critical Review of Existing Scales and Their Psychometric Properties. Computers in Human Behavior

Preliminary proposed
diagnostic criteria for Wang et al., 2009 4 - - - Wang et al., 2009 China - 123 - -
pathological Internet use
Problematic Internet Usage Ceyhan et al., Experts’ opinions and
44 33 5 Ceyhan et al., 2007 Turkey .94 1658 Us -
Scale (PIUS) 2007 suggestions
Problematic Internet Use
Beard & Wolf,
Diagnostic-Interview 548 Substance dependence 8 2 Beard & Wolf, 2001 USA - - - -
2001
(PIUD-I)
Demetrovics et al.,
18 5 Hungary .87 1037 23.3 1.1
2008
Kelley & Gruber,
18 5 USA .91 278 19 .8
2010
Problematic Internet Use Demetrovics et al., .89 438 16 .8
58 Pathological gambling 18 5 Hungary
Questionnaire (PIUQ) 2008 .91 963 33.6 .9
Koronczai et al., 2011
.84 438 16 .8
9 5 Hungary
.87 963 33.6 .9
.82-
12 6 Kern & Acier, 2012 France 150 20 2.0
.77
Morahan-Martin
Problematic Internet Use Morahan-Martin &
& Schumacher, 1004 Substance dependence 13 2 USA .87 277 20.7 1.1
Scale (PIUS) Schumacher, 2000
2000
Proposed diagnostic criteria
Tao et al., 2010 131 Substance dependence 8 2 Tao et al., 2010 China - 408 17.6 12.6
for internet addiction
Substance dependence
Questionnaire of Internet use De Gracia Blanco 15-
35 and pathological 19 5 De Gracia et al., 2002 Spain .91 1664 1.6
related problems (PRI) et al., 2002 54
gambling
Scale for Internet Addiction Lam-Figueroa et Lam-Figueroa et al.,
2 Pathological gambling 11 4 Peru .84 248 14 1.1
of Lima (SIAL) al., 2011 2011
Thatcher’s Problematic
Thatcher & Thatcher & Goolam,
Internet Use Questionnaire 51 Pathological gambling 20 5 South Africa .90 1795 - 2.9
Goolam, 2005 2005
(TPIUQ)
.76-
Use, Abuse and Dependence 80 5 Del Miglio et al., 2001 Italia 244 28.7 2.0
Del Miglio et al., .93
on Internet inventory 15 Substance dependence
2001 .85- 820 17.1 .9
(UADI) 39 5 Gnisci et al., 2011 Italia
.91 236 21.5 1.1
Virtual Addiction Survey Greenfield, 1999 Pathological gambling 10 2 Greenfield, 1999 USA .74 17251 33 2.4
194
(VAS)
- Zhang & Xin, 1 Substance dependence 20 5 Zhang & Xin, 2013 China - 467 23.3 .5
 Laconi, Rodgers & Chabrol (in press) The measurement of Internet addiction: A critical Review of Existing Scales and Their Psychometric Properties. Computers in Human Behavior

2013 and pathological

gambling
Note. Citations = number of citations; It = number of items; S = number of response modalities; α = coefficient of internal consistency; n = size; M = mean age; SR =
sexratio; ado = adolescents; Us = University students.