Dualism Theory Draft GE1

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Dualism Theory by Rene Descartes, Plato and Augustine

What is dualism according to Plato?


dualism, Cartesian interactionist - The view that: (1) the mental and the material
comprise two different classes of substance and; (2) both can have causal effects
on the other. Plato. Plato thought that the soul could and would exist apart from
the body and would exist after the death of the body.
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Plato's metaphysics, particularly the dualism betweekm the intelligible and the
perceptual influenced later Neoplatonic thinkers such as Plotinus and religious
theologians such as Saint Paul and Saint Augustine.
Jewish-Christian-Islamin doctrine agrees with Plato's metaphysics: Spirit is
absolutely distinct and infinitely superior to the physical world of "flesh."
https://www.scribd.com/oauth/authorize

The concept of Dualism or the theory that there is a division between the mind
and the body is not a novel one. It originated as early as the time of Plato and
Aristotle. Rene Descartes’ concept of Dualism, otherwise known as Cartesian
Dualism, is considered one of his greatest contributions in the history of
philosophy. He was the first to argue that the mind is a non-material entity which
is distinct and separate from the brain. He also identified the mind with concepts
such as self-awareness and self-consciousness. It is widely regarded that the sharp
division between the mind and the body is the most basic fact of our human
existence.
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The No Self Theory by David Hume and Buddhism


The problem of personal identity is often said to be one of accounting for what it
is that gives persons their identity over time. However, once the problem has
been construed in these terms, it is plain that too much has already been
assumed. For what has been assumed is just that persons do have an identity.
One of the first Western thinkers to argue for the non-existence of the self was
David Hume, the 18th century empiricist philosopher who argued that the self
was a fiction. A new interpretation of Hume's no-self theory is put forward by
arguing for an eliminative rather than a reductive point of view of personal
identity, and by approaching the problem in terms of phenomenology, Buddhist
critiques of the notion of the self, and the idea of a constructed self-image. It is
concluded that there is no such thing as the self.
https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/James-Giles-2155734301

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What is the no-self theory? The Buddhist doctrine of no-self is not a nihilistic denial of your reality, or
that of your friends and relatives; instead, it is a middle way between such a nihilistic denial and a
reification of the existence that you do have. Buddhists claim that there is no such thing.

Part of Hume’s fame and importance owes to his boldly skeptical approach to a range of philosophical
subjects. In epistemology, he questioned common notions of personal identity, and argued that there is
no permanent “self” that continues over time.

To Hume, the self is “that to which our several impressions and ideas are supposed to have a reference…
If any impression gives rise to the idea of self, that impression must continue invariably the same
through the whole course of our lives, since self is supposed to exist after that manner.
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«Hume banished the conception of substance from psychology, as Berkeley had banished it from
physics. There is, he says, no impression of self, and therefore no idea of self (Book I, Part IV, Sec. VI).

"For my part, when I enter most intimately into what I call myself, I always stumble on some particular
perception or other, of heat or cold, light or shade, love or hatred, pain or pleasure. I never catch myself
at any time without a perception, and never can observe anything but the perception."

https://philosophy.as.uky.edu/sites/default/files/The%20No-Self%20Theory%20-%20Hume,
%20Buddhism,%20and%20Personal%20Identity%20-%20James%20Giles.pdf

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