I

NDUSTRI
ALARTS2REVI
EWER

Roleofel
ectr
ici
tyi
nourlif
e
El
ectri
ci
tyhasundoubtedl
ymadeourl i
veseasi
erandmoreconveni
entt omanage.
Wecanaccompl is
hdiff
erentt
ask
ss uchasl
ighti
ngourhomes,of
fi
ces,androads:
cooki
ng,heati
ng,cool
i
ngourfood:andentert
aini
ngandkeepi
ngourselvessaf
e.

OccupationalSafet
yandHealth(OSHorOHS)-poli
ci
esandprocedur
esser
veasa
gui
def ororganizati
onsandt
heirempl
oyeest
opr eventwor
k-r
elat
edacci
dent
s,
i
ll
nesses,andinjuri
es.

CURRENT REACTI ON
1mill
iampere Percept i
onl evel
5mi l
li
amper es Sli
ghts hockf elt;mi ghtbe
6-30mi l
l
iamperes Painfulshock ,“l
etgo”r ange
50-150mi l
l
iamperes Exteremepai n,res pir
atoryarr
est
,severe
mus cularcont raction
1
,000-
4,300mi
l
li
amper
es Ventricularfibri
ll
ation(theheartbeats
withr apid,erraticelectri
cali
mpuls
es
causingt hehear tchamber sorventr
icl
es
tobeatus elessl
yi nsteadofpumping
blood)
1
0,000+mi
l
li
amper
es Cardiacar rest,sever eburnsand
probabl ydeat h

Display-f eat uresthes cale,theneedl eorpoi nter,andt hedial

orinfinityknob.
Scale-s howst heval ueofwhati sbei ngmeas ured. Thereare
usuallyt hreear csbehi ndt heneedl e, whi chr epr esentthree
dif
ferents cal es:
Ωs cale-i sf orreadingr esist
ance. Thisi sus uall
yt hel ar
gest
scaleandi slocatedatt het op.I
tdi ffersf rom t heot herscal
es
becaus et he0( zero)val ueisont hef arr i
ghti nsteadofl eft
.
“DC”s cale-i sforreadi ngDCvol tage
“AC”s cal e-i sforreadi ngACvol tage
Needl e-al soknowsast hepoi nter ,
indi cat est heval uesread
fr
om t hes cal e.
Dialori nf i
nityknob-poi ntstheneedl et ot he0att heleftsi
de
ofthes cale.
Zeroohm adj uster-isfort hemanual adj us tmentoft he
Cl
amp-
ont
est
er-meas
ur n
esteed
hecurlet
r ot h e r
i
entandvolghts
t i
d eo fthesc
agebyconnecta le
i.
ngt hecl ampst o
Range-s howsmor eaccur atemeas ur ement sf orsmal lval
ues.
Ranges elect orknob-enabl esthechangi ngoff unct i
onand
scale.
Testpr obes -ar eus edt oconnectt ot heci rcuitordevi ce
undert es t
. Thepos i
tivepr obeisr edandt henegat iveprobe
i
sbl ack.
thel oad.
Lightmet er-isahi ghlysens iti
veel ectr
oni cmeas ur i
ngdevi cet hatmoni t
or sthe
i
llumi nationofanygi venar ea.
I
ns ulationt ester-meas urest her es is
tancewi thinwi resandmot orwi ndingst hr ough
highvol tage, l
owcur r
entDCchar ge.
Ear thtes ter-isani ns t
rumentt hatmeas uresear thr esist
ancet hr ought hepot ent i
al
fallmet hod.
Vol tmet er-isus edf ormeas uringt hepot entialdifferenceofvol t
age, betweent wo
poi ntsinanel ectri
cal orelect ronicci r
cuit.
Os cil
loscope-enabl esthevi ewi ngofwavef ormst omakei teas yt odetectpr obl ems
happeni ngi nanel ect ri
ccircui t.
Wat tmet er-isanel ect r
odynami ct ypeofi ns tr
umentt hatmeas ur estheel ectri
c
power .
Kilowat t-hourmet er -cal
culat est heener gycons umedi nkilowat thour s,and
det ermi nest hebi l
l
ingcycl est hatt heutili
tycompani esfoll
owt hroughi tsper i
odi c
readi ngs .
Ohmmet er-isani ns tr
umentt hatmeas uresel ectricalresi
stanceexpr essedi nohms .
Ammet er -i
sani nstrumentt hatcanmeas uredi rectoral t
er nati
ngel ectri
ccur r entin
amper es .
Mul ti
met er-isahandhel dt es terthatmeas uresel ectri
calvol t
age, currentr esi
s tance,
andot herval ues .I
tcanal sobecal l
edavol t-ohm met er.Amul t
imet ercanbeanal og
ordi gital.Themul ti
met erisal soknownbyot hernames ,suchasmul ti
testerand
VOM ( voltohm mi ll
iammet er)

MEASURI NGTOOLS
Pul l
-pushr ule-meas uri
ngt apet hatformsacoi lini tscompactcas e.Itcanalsobe
usedasadept hgauget hr ought hes l
ide.
Plumbbob-al socal l
edpl ummet , i
sawei ght ,usuallywi thapoi ntedlipont he
bot tom, thathangsf rom as tri
ngandi sus edasar eferencef oraver t
icall
i
neor
plumb- l
ine.Itisaver ti
calequi val
entofagr oundl evel.
Spi r
itlevel-alsoknownasbubbl elevel orjustlevel isus edt oindicatewhet hera
sur f
acei shor izontal orver ti
cal .
Steel rule-isas t
raight ,
thin, andf l
atpieceofmet al l
icmeas uri
ngi ns t
rumentt hatis
mor eaccur atet hanar egul arr ul
erbecaus eitisclos ertot hes urfacet hati
sbeing
meas ured. I
tiscommonl yus edi nengi neer i
ng, mat handgeomet ry,
andt echnical
drawi ngbecaus eofi t
saccur acy.
Ver niercaliper -i
sameas ur i
ngel ementt hathasar eadi nger r
orof0. 05mm whi ch
makesi text remel ypr ecise.Thej awsar eclos edlight l
yont heobj ectthatwi l
lbe
meas ured.
Mi cromet er-isanot herext remel ypr ecisemeas uringi nstr
umentt hathasar eading
errorof0. 005mm. Ther atchetknobi sus edt oclos ethej awsl ightlyont heobject
thatwi l
lbemeas ured.

PNEUMATI CTOOLS
AirnibblersandShear s
-areabl etocutt hroughhar dmet alusi
ngt hes tr
ongt orque
from compr essedai r.Airnibblersofferfullcontrolsothecut si
nthet hickmet alheat
wi l
lbepr eciseandf reef r
om anydi stort
ion.
Air-power edwr enchesandr at chets-turnnut sandbol t
sbybei ngconnect edtoa
compr essedairs uppl y.Theyfeat ureas quar edrivetoholdi nt
ochangeabl esockets
thatfitthefas tenert hatwi l
lbet urned.
Aircaul kguns -releas eanexactamountofcaul k, s
eal
ant ,oradhesives moothlyand
steadilyforcons i
stentappl i
cation.
Airdril
ls-areus uallylighterthanel ectri
cdr il
l
sandhavef ewerpar t
st hatneedt obe
replaced. Compr essedai ri
sus edt opr ovides peed,accuracy,andcons i
stentpower
i
ndr i
l
li
ng.
Airguns-cl
eandustandres
iduefrom spacesorequi
pmentthr
oughthefocused,
hi
gh-pressur
estr
eamsofairthattheyomit.Thes
eareusedtocl
eanhard-
to-r
each
orti
ghtplacesl
i
keconveyors,pi
pe,andunderorbehindequi
pment.

POWERTOOLS
Powerthreader-threadsvar i
ouswat er,el
ect
ri
cal,orgaspipesr
angingfrom 1
/2”to
2”
Heatgun-r el
easesas tream ofhotair,
wi t
htemper atur
esrangi
ngfrom 100°
Cand
550°C,
tobendmat eri
alssuchasPVCcondui t
s.
Powersaw-f eaturesalarger oundbladethatspinsatahighrateofspeedall
owing
i
ttocutthrought hickwoodwi t
hease.
Powergri
nder -ahand- heldrotati
ngmachi neusedt ogri
ndandcutdependingon
thet
ypeofdi scfit
tedt othemachi ne.
Powerdri
ll-puncturesholesonwoodandl i
ghtermet al
work.

ELECTRICALHANDTOOLS:
AUXI LI
ARYTOOLS
Magni f
yingglas
s-us
edtoproduceamagni
fi
esi
mageofanobj
ect
Pai
ntbr ush-madeofbr
ist
less
etint
hehandl
etocl
eandi
rt
ypar
tsofaci
rcui
toran
object.

Ci
rcui
tfi
nder
-aci
rcui
tfi
ndert
racest
heci
rcui
ttot
hemet
chi
ngdi
rect
ory.

SPLICI
NGTOOLS
Longnos epli
ers-usedtohol
d,bend,andstretchthel
eadofelectr
oniccomponents
ortoconnectwi res.
Diagonalsi
decut ti
ngpl
ier
s-usedtocutwires
Wi r
estri
pper-apairofopposi
ngbladesl
ikes ci
ssor
sorwirecutt
ers.Havi
ngacenter
notchall
owsf oraneasi
ercutt
ingofthei
nsulationwit
houtcutt
ingthewire

SOLDERI NGTOOLS
Sol
der i
ngi r
on-adeviceusedtoapplyheatt omeltsol
deri
nattchi
ngtwomet al
part
s
Sol
der i
ngt oolst
and-wherethesolderi
ngironispacedwhenitisnotus
edt okeepi
t
awayf rom fl
ammabl emater
ial
s
Desolderingtool
-usedtoremoves ol
deredwi resandcomponentsonpri
ntedcir
cui
t
boardsf ortr
oubles
hooti
ngandr epairpur
pos es.

Scr
ewdrivers-ar
ehandtool
sspeci
fi
cal
l
ydes
ignedf
ori
nser
ti
ngandt
ight
eni
ng,
l
ooseni
ng, andremovi
ngscr
ews .

TYPESOFSCREWDRI VERS
Sl
otted/flatscrewdr iver-fordri
vingorfasteningnegat ives l
ottedscrews
Phi
ll
ipss crewdr iver-fordrivi
ngorf ast
eningpos i
ti
ves l
otteds crews
Pozidri
vs crewdr i
ver-has2cr osssignswhi char eoffs
etat45degr eeangles
\
Robertsonors quar es crewdri
ver-improvescent eri
ngduet ot heengagementof
qui
tet aper eds quare-s hapedopeni ngscrewwi ththes quarepr ot
rusi
onwithno
angleinvolved.
Torxscrewdr iver -commonl yusedbyaut omot ivetechnicians
Hexs crewdr i
ver -us edtof ast
enbol t
sthans crews
\
RESI
STANCE:Rt=R1+R2+R3
CURRENT:IT=i
1=i2=i3
VOLTAGE:V1=r1xi
T
V2=r2xiT
V3=r3xiT
VT=V1+V2+V3
POWER:P1=v1xiT
P2=v2xIT
P3-v3xiT
PT=p1+p2+p3