Calculus for Engineers (FIC 103) : Unit - 1

Topic- Function, Limit, Continuity, Derivative and Integrals of Single Variable

SRM University AP, Amaravati, India

Functions and their graphs:

1. Find the natural domain and graph the following functions:
√
(a) f (x) = 3 − 5x (c) f (x) = −x
x
(b) f (x) = 1 − 2x − x2 (d) f (x) =
|x|
1
2. Find the natural domain of y = √ .
4 − x2 − 9
p
3. Find the range of y = 4 − x2 .

4. Graph the following equations and explain why they are not graphs of functions of x.

(a) |x| + |y| = 1 (c) y 2 = x2

(b) |x| = |y|

5. Graph the following functions:

( (
1
1 − x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 x, x<0
(a) f (x) = (b) f (x) =
2 − x, 1 < x ≤ 2 x, x≥0

Limit:
6. Evaluate the limit, if it exists:
√
x2 − 1 1 1
x−1 + x+1
4− x
(a) lim , (d) lim , (g) lim ,
x→1 x − 1 x→0 x x→16 16x − x2
√ √ √
1+x− 1−x 4u + 1 − 3 9x − x2
(b) lim , (e) lim , (h) lim √ ,
x→0 x u→2 u−2 x→9 3 − x
√  
9+h−3 x+2 1 1
(c) lim , (f) lim √ , (i) lim √ − ,
h→0 h x→−2 2
x +5−3 t→0 t 1 + t t


 x, x<1

3, x=1
7. Let f (x) = 2
.


 2−x , 1<x≤2
x − 3, x > 2


(a) Sketch the graph of f .

(b) Evaluate each of the following, if it exists.

i. lim f (x) iii. lim f (x) v. lim f (x)

x→1− x→1 x→2+
ii. lim f (x) iv. lim f (x) vi. lim f (x)
x→1+ x→2− x→2

8. Using the Sandwich Theorem:

(a) If 2 − x2 ≤ g(x) ≤ 2 cos x for all x, find lim g(x).

x→0

1
 1 x2 1 − cos x 1
(b) Suppose that the inequalities − < 2
< , hold for values of x close to zero. Find
2 24 x 2
1 − cos x
lim .
x→0 x2
x2 sin x1 x2 sin x
1
x2 sin 1
(c) Evaluate if possible lim . [Hint: First prove ≤ 2+sin x1 ≤ x2 sin x1 ].
x→0 2 + sin 1 3 x
x

9. If you know that lim f (x) exists, can you find its value by calculating lim f (x)? Give proper explanation.
x→c x→c+

10. Evaluate the limit, if it exists:

|x + 2| ⌊x⌋
(a) lim (x + 3) (c) lim+
x→−2+ x+2 x→3 2x
| sin x|
(b) lim− (d) lim+ (x − ⌊x⌋)
x→0 sin x x→4

Continuity:
11. Suppose a function f (x) is defined by



 x2 , −1 ≤ x < 0
2x, 0<x<1



f (x) = 1, x=1 .

−2x + 4, 1<x<2





0, 2<x<3
Then answer the following questions:

(a) Does f (−1) exist? (h) Is f continuous at x = 1?

(b) Does lim f (x) exist? (i) Is f defined at x = 3?
x→−1+
(c) Does lim f (x) = f (−1) ? (j) Is f continuous at x = 3?
x→−1+
(k) At what values of x is f continuous?
(d) Is f continuous at x = −1?
(e) Does f (1) exist? (l) What value should be assigned to f (2) to make
the extended function continuous at x = 2?
(f) Does lim f (x) exist?
x→1 (m) To what value should f (1) be changed to remove
(g) Does lim f (x) = f (1) ? the discontinuity?
x→1

12. Show that there is a root of the equation x4 − 2x − 2 = 0 between 1 and 2.


−2
 x ≤ −1
13. For what values of a and b is f (x) = ax − b −1 < x < 1 continuous at every x?

3 x≥1


14. Define g(2) in a way that extends g(x) = (x2 + 3x − 10)/(x − 2) to be continuous at x = 2.
x2 − 16
15. Define g(4) in a way that extends g(x) = to be continuous at x = 4.
x−4

Derivative:
16. Use the limit definition to compute the derivative, f ′ (x), for:
x 1
(i) f (x) = − (ii) f (x) = 2x2 − 3x
2 2
x
(iii) f (x) = cos 2x (iv) f (x) =
x−2

2
17. By using the definition of differentiation at a point, find an equation for the tangent line to the curve at
the given point.
√
(a) y = 7 − x2 , (1, 6) (b) y = 4 x, (4, 8)

18. By using the definition of differentiation at a point, find the slope of the function’s graph at the given point.
Then find an equation line which is the tangent to the curve at the given point.
x
(a) f (x) = x − x2 , (1, 0) (b) f (x) = , (3, 3)
x−2

19. Is the function (

x2 , x<0
f (x) =
x, x≥0
differentiable at x = 0?
20. Is the function (
x2 + 1, x<1
f (x) =
x + 1, x≥1
differentiable at x = 1?
21. Is the function (√
x, x<1
f (x) =
2x − 1, x≥1
differentiable at x = 1?
22. Is the function f (x) = |2x| differentiable at x = 0?
23. Is the function f (x) = x|x| differentiable at x = 0?
24. Does the graph of (
x2 cos x1 , x ̸= 0
f (x) = .
0, x=0
have a tangent line at the origin? Give reasons for your answer.
25. Find all points (x, y) on the graph of f (x) = 5x2 − 2x with tangent lines parallel to the line y = 8x − 5.
26. The curve y = ax2 + bx + c passes through the point (1, 2) and is tangent to the line y = x at the origin.
Find a, b and c.
27. The function
 x
 e , x≤1
f (x) =
mx + b, x > 1.


is continuous and differentiable at x = 1. Find the values for the constants m and b.
28. Find the values of A and B that make
 2
 x + 1, x≥0
f (x) =
A sin x + B cos x, x < 0.


differentiable at x = 0.
29. Is there a values of b that will make

 x + b, x<0
f (x) =
cos x, x ≥ 0.


continuous at x = 0? Differentiable at x = 0? Give reasons for your answers.

3
30. [Product Rule] Differentiate y with respect to x where

(i) y = x−2 (4 + 3x−3 ) (ii) y = x3 ln 4x

31. [Quotient Rule] Differentiate y with respect to x where

x2 4 sin x
(i) y= (ii) y =
3x − 1 2x + cos x

32. [Chain Rule] Differentiate y with respect to x where

− 45
8x − x6
p 
(i) y= 13x2 − 5x + 8 (ii) y =
x3

33. [Implicit Differentiation] Assume that y is a differentiable function of x. Find y ′ = dy/dx for

(i) (x − 1)2 = x + y − 1 (ii) exy = e4x − e5y

34. Suppose that f is a differentiable function such that f (g(x)) = x, and f ′ (x) = 1 + (f (x))2 . Show that
g ′ (x) = 1+x
1
2 . [Hint: Use chain rule]

Integration:
35. Consider the function f (x) over the given interval. Partition the interval into four sub-intervals of equal
X4
length. Then find the Riemann sum f (ck )∆xk given that ck is the (a) left-hand endpoint, (b) right-hand
k=1
endpoint of the k−th subinterval.
(i) f (x) = x2 − 1, [0,2] (ii) f (x) = sin x, [−π, π]
36. Find the norm of the following partitions
(i) p = {0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.3, 2.6, 3} (ii) p = {−2, −1.6, −0.5, 0, 0.8, 1}
37. For the following functions, find a formula for the Riemann sum obtained by dividing the interval [a, b] into
n equal subintervals and using the right-hand endpoint for each ck . Then take a limit of these sums as
n → ∞ to calculate the area under the curve over [a, b].
(i) f (x) = x2 + 1 over [0, 3] (ii) f (x) = 2x3 over [0, 1].
38. Evaluate the integrals
Z 0 1
u7
Z
1 + cos 2t 1
(i) dt (iv) √ − 5 )du
(
π/2 2 2 2 u
Z π/4 Z √2 2 √
s + 2
(ii) tan2 xdx (v) ds
0 1 s2
√
Z 3 Z 4
(iii) √ (t + 1)(t2 + 4)dt (vi) |x|dx
− 3 −4
39. Find the derivatives by using Fundamental Theorem of calculus
Z √x Z x2
d d 2
(a) cos tdt (c) t− 3 dt
dx 0 dx 0
Z sin x Z √t
d d 3
(b) 3t2 dt (d) (x4 + √ )dx
dx 1 dt 0 1 − x2
dy
40. Find for the following functions
dx

4
 √
x2
Z 0 Z sin x
Z
t6 dt π
(i) y = dt (ii) y = √
sin(t2 )dt (iv) y = √ , |x| <
1 1 + t4 x 0 1 − t2 2
Z x2 Z 0
dt
(iii) y = x sin(t3 )dt (v) y =
2 tan x 1 + t2