Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 12

Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

θ78.8:θη8.ηθ7

. . 1
, . . 1
, .Ю. 1

( )

,
, , . -
. -
. -
,
.
Ключевые сл ва: , ,
, .

A review of scientific research dealing with waste recycling of polymer composite materials
is presented. A list of the companies involved in recycling is given as well. Advantages and dis-
advantages of the technologies used are described. Recommendations concerning recycling
technologies of fiber reinforced PCM are given. The problems to be solved to implement PCM
recycling technologies in Russia are described.
Keywords: polymer composite material, recycling, secondary use, fiber reinforced plastic.
1
« -
»
[Federal state unitary enterprise «AХХ-Russian scientific researМС ТЧsЭТЭЮЭО ШП КЯТКЭТШЧ ЦКЭОrТКХs» State
research center of the Russian Federation] E-mail: admin@viam.ru

-
( ) Д1, βЖ.
– ,
.
, -
Дγ–7Ж, , , .
β0β0 . -
118 , 0,γ / .–
β01β . 0,8 / . , , , -
10–1η% , . . -
14 « -
( ) »– .
– -
. ,
-
.
, -
-
.
, -
, - -
, - .

62
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

,
-
( ), ( ),
.
: , ( . 1) Д8Ж.

. -
, ,
( ) . -
– -
-
« ».
. . , ,
, ,
, Д9Ж. -
( ) -
.

FBR-

. 1. (fluidized bed process (FBP) –


) ( )

– ( . β).

, –
, ,
. -
, -
, ,
,
Д10–14].

63
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

. β. ( )

– -

, ( ).
-
,
( ). ,
, , -
, -

, ( ) -
, Д1η–17].
,
(fluidized bed process – FBP).

, -
( , )
, .
: -
, (90–98%)
.

: -
-
, -
- ( γ,η , -
– β9 ),
, . .
.

( . 1). ,
HТЭКМСТ CСОЦТМКХ –

64
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

( зβ ) β00 Д18–20Ж.
: , -
, , -
.
.

- -
-

Toray Industries, Takayasu Shizuoka Kumamoto Hitachi Chemical


( ) Teijin, Mitsubishi University University
Rayon
500–700 250–γη0 300–400 β00
5–10 1–4

1000 / θ0 / η 0,5 1β /
(β β00 )

7
EURECτMP (β009–β01β .), -
- , Дβ1Ж. ,
90% ,
( ), -
, ,
, , , ,
, .
. γ.

. γ. ( )

65
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

, -

, .

, , -
. , -
, -
. .4 -
1 β0 , EURECOMP.

. 4. -
, -
EURECτMP 1( )
β0 ( )

,
fluidized bed process
(FBP), . η Дββ, βγЖ.

. η. « »

66
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

. -
, , ,
( 4η0 ηη0 ),
( ). ,
,
.
. -
.

( , , ) , ( -
, ) .

, -
, (FBP) -
. , ( -
), (зβ–3%),
, .
, , ,

5
200
60
4
150
3 40
100
2
20
50
1

0 0 0
FBR FBR FBR

. θ. ( – ;, – -
) (■ – ;□– -
), (FBP – -
) Дβ4Ж

, .
-
( , -
), ( )
( ). – .
, ,
, . , -
( ), -
.
, -
DТrОМЭТЯО β008/98/EC ШП ЭСО EЮrШЩОКЧ PКrХТКЦОЧЭ and of the
CШЮЧМТХ ШП 19 σШЯОЦЛОr β008 «τЧ аКsЭО КЧН rОЩОКХТЧР МОrЭКТЧ DТrОМЭТЯОs», -

67
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

,
( 4
DirОМЭТЯО β008/98/EC), -
( 11 DТrОМЭТЯО β008/98/EC). ,
№89- « »,
.
– - ,
.
, -
.
-
ДβηЖ. -
( γ00 η00 ), ,
– ;
( η00 800 ), , ,
– ; ( 800 1η00 ), -
– , .
, –
. . 7.

500–600° 1100

. 7.

. -
- , , -
.
-
, ,
, -

. -
, , ,
, -
.

, .
,
γ0–40%.
.
-
, ,
.

68
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

, ,
, , .

-, - .
:
1– 80%;
2– ;
3– ;
4– ;
5– .

++ +++ +
1, 3, 5 1, 3, 5 3, 5
+++ ++ +
1, 2, 4, 5 1, 2, 4, 5 –
FBR- ++ + +
2, 3, 5 2, 3 2, 3
+ + +
3, 5 3, 5 3, 5
++ + +
1, 4, 5 4, 5 4
.+– ;++– ;+++– -
.

.β ,
. , –
, – .
,
, -
. -
-
, , -
.

, -
, ,
. , -
70- – 90- -
,
.
, ,
, , , ,
( . γ), – , –
( . 4) Дβθ, β7Ж.

69
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

( )

CFK Valley Stade ( 1000 / )


Recycling GmbH & 80–η00 ;
carboNXT GmbH 1–100 ; -
( ) [28, 29]
10–γ0 / 2;

200–θ00 / 2

ELG Carbon Fibre ( β000 /


( ) ,
[30] , )

Materials Innovation ( β000 / .


Technologies –
Reengineered ,
Carbon Fiber )
(MIT-RCF)
( ) [31, 32]
Reprocover , -
( ) ДγγЖ -
θ ,
γ0% 70% .
-
.

Zajons Logistik 100% - .


( ) [34] - - .
( – ,
/
) (θ0000 / )
Procotex ( ) :
Apply Carbon . 7η 1β0 .
( ) ДγηЖ -

ReFiber ApS
( ) [36]

« » (Co-processing). « » -
-
, -
( , , ).
European Composites Industry Association (EuCIA), European Plastics Con-
verters (EuPC) European Composite Recycling Service Company (ECRC) -
Composites Recycling Made Easy (2013 .) Glass fibre reinforced
thermosets: recyclable and compliant with the EU legislation (2011 .).

70
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

Extreme EcoSolutions ,
( ) [37]
-

Carbon Fibre Recycle


Industry Co. Ltd. .
( ) Дγ8Ж – 1080 /
Global Composites
Recycling Solutions Ecopolycrete. -
( ) [39] -
, .
Hambleside Danelaw -
( ) [40] -
. -

Karborek RCF ( ) .
[41] -
. –
1η00 /

, -
- - -
-
, . , -
- ,
Д4βЖ,
.
, 1 14 «
( ) »
1.4,
, ,
.

-
. -
, -
, , , , , -
, , , ., -
. ,
-
.
. -
,
,
. -

71
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

, -
. , -
,
. -

, ( -
)– ; -
-
.
-
.

-
.
: -
– ; – -
, ; – -
, – , .
– ( )
– .
,
, -
( ).

1. . . « » « -
β0γ0 -
» // . β01η. №1 (γ4). . γ–33.
β. . . // . -
. β008. №γ. . β–14.
γ. . ., . ., . ., . . -
. I. // -
. β010. №11. . 19–27.
4. . ., . ., . ., . . -

// . β011. №4 (β1). . 41–45.


η. . ., . ., . . -
, // -
. β01β. №S. . 41β–423.
θ. . ., . . « »
// . β014. №Sβ. . β4–28.
7. . ., . . -
// . β01γ. №8. . 03 (viam-works.ru).
8. Pickering S.J. Recycling technologies for thermoset composite materials – current status
//Composites: Part A 37. β00θ. . 1β0θ–1215.
9. . ., . .
. .: . 1987. γθθ .
10. Howarth J., Sada S.R., Mativenga P.T. Energy intensity and environmental analysis of mechanical
recycling of carbon fibre composite //Journal of Cleaner Production. 2014. V. 81. P. 46–50.
11. Palmer J. Mechanical Recycling of Automotive Composites for Use as Reinforcement in Thermo-
set Composites //University of Exeter. 2009. https://ore.exeter.ac.uk.

72
Р ДЫ ВИАМ №8 2015

12. Palmer J., Ghita O.R., Savage L., Evans K.E. Successful closed-loop recycling of thermoset com-
posites //Composites: Part A. 2009. V. 40. P. 490–498.
13. Keiji Ogi, Takashi Nishikawa, Yasutaka Okano & Ichiro Taketa. Mechanical properties of ABS resin
rОТЧПШrМОН аТЭС rОМвМХОН CFRP //AНЯКЧМОН CШЦЩШsТЭО MКЭОrТКХs. β007. V. 1θ. №β. P. 181–194.
14. Conroy A., Halliwell S., Reynolds T. Composite recycling in the construction industry
//Composites. Part A. 2006. V. 37. P. 1216–1222.
15. Pinero-Hernanz R., Dodds C., Hyde J. et al. Chemical recycling of carbon fibre reinforced compo-
sites in nearcritical and supercritical water //Composites: Part A. 2008. V. 39. P. 454–461.
16. Okajima I. et al. Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic with Supercritical Alco-
СШХ //JШЮrЧКХ ШП AНЯКЧМОН RОsОКrМС ТЧ PСвsТМs. β01β. V. γ. №β. P. 1–4.
17. Pico D., Seide G., Gries T. Thermo chemical processes: potential improvement of the wind blades
life cycle //Chemical Engineering Transactions. 2014. V. 36. P. 211–216.
18. Pinero-HОrЧКЧг R., GКrМıК-Serna J., Dodds C., Hydec J., Poliakoff M., Jose Cocero M., Kingman S.,
Pickering S., Lester E. Chemical recycling of carbon fibre composites using alcohols under subcrit-
ical and supercritical conditions //J. of Supercritical Fluids. 2008. V. 46. P. 83–92.
19. HТЭКМСТ CСОЦТМКХ TОМСЧТМКХ RОЩШrЭ №ηθ /HТЭКМСТ CСОЦТМКХ CШ., LЭН. MКrМС. β014.
20. Elghazzaoui H., Le Gal La Salle E., Bellettre J. Recycling of aeronautical composites by super-
critical solvolysis (http://www.isasf.net).
21. Final Report Summary – EURECOMP (Recycling Thermoset Composites of the SST)
(http://cordis.europa.eu).
22. Recycling of Composite Materials using Fluidised Bed Processes (http://core.ac.uk).
23. Recycling Fibres Recovered from Composite Materials using a Fluidised Bed Process
(http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk).
24. Pimenta S., Pinho S.T. Recycling carbon fibre reinforced polymers for structural applications:
ЭОМСЧШХШРв rОЯТОа КЧН ЦКrФОЭ ШЮЭХШШФ //АКsЭО MКЧКРОЦОЧЭ. β011. V. γ1. №β. P. γ78–392.
25. Meyer L.O., Schulte K., Grove-Nielsen E. CFRP-recycling following a pyrolysis route: process
optimization and potentials //Journal of Composite Materials. 2009. V. 43. P. 1121–1132.
26. Job S. Recycling composites commercially (Part 1) //Reinforced Plastics. 2014. V. η8. №η.
P. 32–34.
β7. JШЛ S. RОМвМХТЧР МШЦЩШsТЭОs МШЦЦОrМТКХХв (PКrЭ β) //RОТЧПШrМОН PХКsЭТМs. β014. V. η8. №η.
P. 36–38.
28. www.carbonxt.de.
29. http://www.cfk-recycling.com.
30. http://www.elgcf.com.
31. http://mitrcf.com.
32. http://www.emergingmit.com.
33. http://www.reprocover.com.
34. http://www.compocycle.com.
35. http://en.procotex.com.
36. http://www.refiber.com.
37. http://extreme-ecosolutions.com.
38. http://698.jp/cfri.
39. http://www.ecopolycrete.com.
40. http://www.hambleside-danelaw.co.uk.
41. http://www.karborekrcf.it.
4β. : . ββ08β0γ . -
; . 10.07.β00γ.

73

You might also like