1) I have a black eye

Sociosemantic Perspective:

- In a boxing gym, a boxer says, "I have a black eye." The context is within
the realm of the sport, where black eyes can be a common occurrence.

- In a domestic violence support group, a participant says, "I have a black

eye." The context is a therapeutic and empathetic setting focused on
addressing abuse and its consequences.

Pragmatic Perspective:

- The speaker provides a straightforward statement about their physical

condition, informing others about the injury.
- The speaker may use this statement to disclose a history of abuse, seeking
support and understanding from the group in a therapeutic context.
- In a social gathering, the speaker says this to elicit sympathy or concern
from the people around them, emphasizing the need for support.

Cognitive Perspective:

- Memory Trigger. Saying "I have a black eye" may prompt the speaker to
recall the events that led to the injury, affecting their cognitive state by
evoking memories of the incident.
- Emotional State. Depending on the circumstances leading to the black eye,
the speaker's cognitive and emotional state may vary, with feelings such as
embarrassment, anger, or regret.
- Healing and Recovery. In a support group, sharing the statement may
contribute to the speaker's cognitive healing and recovery process as they
open up about their experiences.

2)
Homonymous Words:

Bear (verb and noun):

- "I can't bear the pain any longer."
- "The bear in the zoo is very playful."
Match (firestarter and competition):
- "Can you pass me the match to light the campfire?"
- "The tennis match lasted for hours, and both players showed incredible
skill."
Polysemantic Words:
Break:
- "I need a break from work."
- "He managed to break the world record."
Paper:
- "I need a sheet of paper to write on."
- "The paper bag is recyclable."

3)
Thematic Meaning:
- "The majestic mountains stood tall against the horizon." (The theme is "the
majestic mountains," the central focus of the sentence.)
Rhematic Meaning:
- "She sang a beautiful song at the talent show." (The rheme is "sang a
beautiful song," describing her performance.)

Connotative Meaning:
- "Her smile lit up the room, spreading warmth." (The word "lit up" has a
connotative meaning, implying that her smile had a positive and cheerful
impact.)

Reflected Meaning:
- "The teacher's strictness reflected in her students' discipline." (Here,
"strictness" has a reflected meaning, indicating that the students' discipline
mirrors or is influenced by the teacher's strict approach.)
Thematic Meaning:
- "The mystery surrounding the treasure intrigued everyone." (In this
sentence, "the mystery surrounding the treasure" is the theme, focusing on
the central concept of the intrigue.)
Rhematic Meaning:
 - "The treasure's location remains unknown." (Here, "remains unknown" is
the rheme, providing information about the theme, which is "the treasure's
location.")
Connotative Meaning:
- "Her laughter was infectious, brightening everyone's mood." (In this
sentence, "infectious" conveys a connotative meaning, suggesting that her
laughter easily spreads and positively affects others.)
Reflected Meaning:
- The peaceful atmosphere of the park reflected the city's need for serenity."
(In this context, "the peaceful atmosphere" reflects the city's collective
desire for tranquility and calmness.)
Thematic Meaning:
- "The success of the project delighted the entire team." (The theme here is
"the success of the project," which is the central focus of the sentence.)

4)
1. The White House issued a statement ("The White House" is used to refer
to the U.S. government or the President of the United States)
2. He's addicted to the bottle. ("the bottle" is used to represent alcoholic
beverages, implying that the person is addicted to drinking alcohol.)
3. The suits on Wall Street control the markets. ("the suits" refers to the
businesspeople or investors who typically wear suits and are associated
with financial decision-making. It suggests that these individuals have
influence over the financial markets.)
4. The press loves a good scandal. ("The press" represents the journalists
and media organizations, suggesting that those in the media industry are
drawn to and report on scandals.)
5. The classroom was attentive during the lecture. ("The classroom" is used
to represent the students within it, suggesting that the students were
attentive during the lecture.)

5) Metaphor creates the relation between its objects, while metonymy

presupposes that relation.

Metaphor:
- Time is a thief. (time is compared to a thief, suggesting that time steals
moments from our lives.)
- The world is a stage.( the world as a stage, emphasizing the idea that life is
like a play or performance.)_
 Metonymy:
- My ride is parked outside. “Ride” would be a metonym for car.
- a hired gun. They’re most likely referring to a person associated with a gun:
an assassin.
6)
Euphemisms:

He's in a better place now. (someone is dead)

I need to powder my nose. (need to use the restroom)
He's between jobs. (unemployed)
She's not quite herself today. (someone is feeling unwell, upset)
He's reached the autumn of his life. (someone as being in their old age)

Dysphemisms:

He's a real pain in the ass. (someone is irritating)

He's a total waste of space. (someone have no purpose or worth.)
She's a total trainwreck. (someone as having a chaotic or disastrous life)
It's a hellhole of a town. (strong disdain for a place)
It's an absolute nightmare from hell. (nightmarish and unbearable experience)

7) Table

clothes For winter sleeveless heavy For Demi-

summer season
T-shirt - + - + +
Shirt - + - + +
Sweater + - + - +
blouse + - - + +
jacket + - + + +
sweatshirt + - + - +
swimsuit - + - + +
camisole - + - + +

8) Cataphoric Reference:

1. -Although I phone her(direct) every week, my mother still complains that I

don’t keep in touch often enough.
2. -The book(direct) was there on the table. I’d never read Charles Dickens and
I didn’t intend to do so now.
3. As she(direct) entered the auditorium, Madam Ong saw many empty seats.
 Anaphoric Reference:

1. A cold wind was blowing out of the north, and it(direct) made the trees
rustle like living things.
2. Will wanted nothing so much as to ride hellbent for the safety of the Wall,
but that(indirect) was not a feeling to share with your commander.
3. David is my best friend. He(direct) likes and his(indirect) favourite foods are
Spaghetti Bologness and hamburger.

9)
1. Ser Waymar(agent) met it(Patient) with steel(Instrument).
2. The king(agent) is riding to Winterfell(Goal) to seek you out(Purpose).
3. Catelyn(Experiencer) wished she could share his joy(Purpose).
4. We(agent) should send word(Theme) to your brother(Beneficiary) on the
Wall(Location).
5. Ben(agent) will want to be here(Purpose).