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Contents Success
OBJECTIVES
Success (Unit A) In this unit we will work on these objectives. identify text type, text purpose, text
After you work on each one, tick the box. organisation and understand cohesive
Lessons 3
Vocabulary devices
1. All About You: ‘Success research.’ 4–7 applications for jobs and courses relate texts to personal values
2. About Your World: ‘Making the grade.’ 8–11 exams scan a text for relevant details
job hunting and interviews skim a text for the main ideas
3. Real World (Listening): ‘Networkers.’ 12–15 support ideas and answers with
metaphor and literal meanings
4. Real World (Reading): ‘Dream job hunting.’ 16–19 references from a text
Unit A
networking
understand texts found in a professional
5. Real World (Speaking): ‘Presentation tricks.’ 20–23 parenting
situation
presentations
6. Finding Out (Reading): ‘Grow great kids.’ 24–27 Speaking
success and failure
7. Finding Out (Listening): ‘Born lucky?’ 28–31 word building: adjectives, nouns and verbs contribute to formal debates and
discussions
8. Sharing Information (Writing): ‘My personal statement.’ 32–35 Grammar
contribute to informal discussions
9. About Your World: ‘Epic fails.’ 36–39 commonly confused words develop an argument effectively
discourse markers to structure and give a presentation
Consolidation 40–44 signpost formal speech and writing
give detailed descriptions of subjects
finite adverbial clauses
participate in an interview as interviewer
narrative tenses for experiences, and interviewee
including passive
refer to visuals
Happiness (Unit B) participle and infinitive clauses
relate contribution to what other speakers
Lessons 45 sound–spelling relationships: consonants have said
Listening respond to counter-arguments in
1. All About You: ‘Glass half full?’ 46–49
analyse speaker’s purpose discussions
2. About Your World: ‘Measuring happiness.’ 50–53 confirm details in extended speech respond to questions in a presentation
3. Real World (Listening): ‘Improving happiness.’ 54–57 follow media with slang and idiomatic socialise effectively using informal
language language
4. Real World (Reading): ‘The best years of our lives.’ 58–61
Unit B
identify and infer attitudes and opinion in talk about complex subjects fluently
5. Real World (Writing): ‘Can you convince me?’ 62–65 extended speech use rhetorical devices
identify details in audio programmes use signalling language to structure a
6. Finding Out (Reading): ‘Burning questions.’ 66–69
listen to a presentation or lecture presentation
7. Finding Out (Listening): ‘Coached towards happiness.’ 70–73 summarise main points in extended Writing
speech
8. Sharing Information (Writing): ‘Realising our dreams.’ 74–77 provide clear and correct paragraphing
take notes in presentations and lectures support main ideas with supporting
9. About Your World: ‘Bucket lists.’ 78–81 understand details in a discussion or points, reasons and examples
Consolidation 82–85 debate use connectors appropriately in texts
Reading use correct layout and format
analyse an author’s purpose use correct punctuation
evaluate advantages and disadvantages use relevant planning and checking
Audioscripts 86–94 extract maximum details from text processes
Additional material 95 follow the development of an argument write formal correspondence
follow the sequence of a narrative write in appropriate style for reader and
Language notes 96–106 guess meaning of words from context demonstrate an awareness of the audience
Notes 107–108
2 Advanced: Contents Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 3

1. All About You
What is Success?
‘Success research.’ Evaluate your take on success with this quick
questionnaire. Read each statement and write
Reading the score (1–5) that best matches your opinion.
OBJECTIVES
Vocabulary 1 You are going to read a short survey that looks at
how people perceive success. Skim the titles and
success and failure
questions. Write the section headings above each 1 – not at all 4 – yes with
Grammar group of three questions. 2 – not really reservations
commonly confused words a good life 3 – somewhat 5 – undoubtedly yes
Listening achievement
listen to a presentation or lecture connection
take notes in presentations and lectures experience
Reading fame
relate texts to personal values happiness 1 4
skim a text for the main ideas
legacy a Enough capitol / capital for comfort and buy what a Be in the spotlight and enjoy it’s / its benefits.
guess meaning of words from context
money I need. b Looked up to, respected or envied by my peers.
Speaking
b Improve the prosperity of all my family. c Adored and recognised in the street by fans.
refer to visuals 2 Complete the statements by choosing the correct
words. c Sufficiently wealthy to purchase whatever I wish. 5
contribute to informal discussions 3 Take the survey by scoring each statement 2 a Travel widely to see beautiful world and waist / waste
according to the scale. a Have friends who’ll miss me when I’ve past / passed not a minute of life.
4 Discuss your answers with a partner. Explain away. b Learn languages and meet all different nationalities.
your reasons with details and examples. b Raise / Rise cheerful children and continue
Speaking family line.
c Feel alive through thrilling experiences (skydiving,
climbing a mountain …)
1 In pairs, look at the pictures and discuss the
c To love and be truly loved over my life’s course / 6
following questions.
coarse.
a) What’s their background story and current
a Feel contented and fulfilled that I reached life’s goals.
3
situation? b Happy knowing that maybe / may be I made others
a Invent something to better humankind. happy.
b) Are they successful people in your opinion?
b Write or create something that effects / affects c Discovered the secret to personal happiness.
c) Which well-known people do you consider to people.
have succeeded? Why? 7
c Be remembered as having done something good
a Respect others with principles/principals such as
in life.
live and let live.
b Lead a correct and moral life.
c Help others on a personal level along life’s path.
8
a Get a degree, a good job and make my parents proud.
b Be someone who’s / whose house and car is
their own.
c Be promoted up the career ladder to be a high-flyer.
4 Advanced Unit A: Success Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 5

1. All About You
‘Success research.’ B The perception of success across gender*
80%
Listening 2 70%
a) 18- to 25-year-olds alone valued happiness.
1 You are going to listen to a researcher talk about 60%
the results of the survey that was conducted
across different age groups, genders, and b) All ages consider family and friends essential to 50%
generations. Before you listen, label each success.
diagram with the descriptions.
40%
pie chart
c) Fame is only important to the young.
bar chart 30%
Percentage
table
d) Money is very important for 35- to 50-year-olds. 20%
2 Listen to the researcher and match the extracts
from the presentation (1–3) with the diagrams
10%
A–C).
e) People 65 and over scored good life and legacy
1 highly. 0
Fame Happiness Experience Achievement Money Connection Good life Legacy
2
3 3 *Results shown are for 18- to 50-year-olds who ranked the category highly (score >10/15)
3 Listen again and tick the statements that are a) Good life is the same for men as for women.
mentioned.
1
b) Happiness is favoured by women as a trait of C
a) Good life has stayed pretty much the same. success. Speaking Generational differences in perceptions of
success 1970 to present day*
1 In pairs, analyse and discuss the survey
data answering the questions below. Use the 2010–
b) Happiness is similarly important for all the c) Men and women differ greatly in the experience 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
present
generations. category. expressions in the language box to help you.
a) What trends do the diagrams show? Fame 15 17 20 24 29
c) The decline in the importance of experience. b) What do you think are the possible reasons for Happiness 27 28 31 35 38
d) Money is more important to men.
the trends shown in the diagrams?
Experience 30 29 31 41 45
c) What other statistical data could the researchers
d) The rise in fame scores from the ’70s to now. e) Women value legacy more than men. have analysed? Achievement 50 47 38 29 28
2 Share your ideas with the class. Money
e) How legacy scores very low across all age 48 46 40 33 33
4 Listen again and look at the diagrams. Which
groups. Connection
of the statements in Exercise 3 are factually Talking about charts and diagrams 38 36 28 18 10
correct, i.e. reflect the figures in the chart or As you can see from the diagram … Good life 46 46 45 44 47
table? Write ‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’ next to each
It shows the …
statement. Legacy
The diagram tells us … 18 15 15 12 9
The table shows …
A The perception of success across different age groups * Results shown are for 30- year-olds who ranked the
The third pie chart is …
a) 18- to 25-year-olds b) 35- to 50-year-olds c) 65-year-olds and over category highly (score >10/15)
This table indicates …
Out in the real world

1 You are going to research data for your home 2 From the information you have researched,
country and give a short presentation. Look for produce a single chart or graph to use as the
interesting data for your country on areas such basis for your presentation.
as:
3 In your presentation, describe what is happening
economic trends and figures in the data and give your analysis and
conclusions.
general wealth of the people
4 Be prepared to answer questions from the class.
health and happiness of the population
family data and tendencies
education and employment
Experience Money Good life

Happiness Achievement Legacy
Fame Connection Connection
Other Other Other

2. All About You Listening Kerstin
1 Two of the world’s key English language exams I did it for me to see how I was improving overall. The
‘Making the grade.’ for university entry and job application are
TOEFL and IELTS. What do TOEFL, TOEFL iBT
writing was demanding while / so I always leave time
for reviewing at the end. Lectures are difficult too. Key
and IELTS stand for? is listening for main ideas and key details. Ignore the
other stuff. I know, easier said than done. Whereas
2 Listen to a teacher explaining the differences / although I found the texts hard, they’re easier to
2 Complete the exam tips using the words and between the exams and take notes. pass when you know they always have
OBJECTIVES phrases in the box.
main-idea and vocabulary-type questions
Vocabulary for each passage. Also, they ask both
as soon as because even though if
exams detail and inference questions for each
in order to so so that until
text. Knowing question types is so
Grammar whenever while
important and I’ve done it five times, so I
finite adverbial clauses know.
a) Do practice tests you
Listening
listen to a presentation or lecture
feel you are familiar with the test.
Santiago
b) you finish writing, Band 7.0 was vital for my Australian university.
summarise main points in extended speech close the paper and forget it or just leave. Advice…? Firstly, speak directly to the examiner and
Reading c) you might not know maintain eye contact wherever / whenever you are
extract maximum details from text the answer, make an educated guess and never talking. Also, don’t give a prepared speech as / once
skim a text for the main ideas leave a blank. they’ll recognise this. Regarding the writing, staying
on-topic is crucial, and remember the essay’s worth
scan a text for relevant details d) It is essential to read the question carefully more than the chart description so don’t waste time.
Speaking know what they 3 Compare your answers in Exercise 2 with a Learning to identify features like topic, style, writer’s
talk about complex subjects fluently
want. partner. purpose and who the text is intended for was a
e) Make sure you eat something before you take the big help. Finally, make sure you focus on relevant
questions as the recording is being played. That’s it
relate contribution to what other speakers have said
exam
tired or hungry.
you don’t feel
Reading I guess.
1 Read these exam tips from eight different people.
f ) The test room might be hot, warm or cold
Choose the correct word or phrase from each Andresa
you must dress
I got the band I needed for the Hong Kong internship
Speaking accordingly and be comfortable. underlined pair to complete the advice.
after three tries! Let’s see. First, use the pauses in the
1 People are motivated to learn English for many g) you take an English listenings to read ahead to the next questions while
exam, speak English prior to the exam to get in / even though it’s tempting to go back. With the
different reasons. Taking and passing exams can
the zone. Jun texts, it’s vital to know you don’t need to understand
be very important for some students’ academic
I had to get 100-plus for a US university place and every word to ‘get’ the big ideas. Focus on overall
and professional lives. In pairs, discuss the h) Become familiar with the format and what is
it took me three goes. The texts were tricky so comprehension at first. Equally important, leave
following questions and complete the tasks. required you are remember questions come in the same order as time to check your essay or report at the
preparing. the information appears in the texts. Also, you don’t
a) How many different English exams have you end. Last, if / so you don’t understand
heard of or have taken? i) You are inviting disaster need to know every word in order / because for the question in the interview, ask! They
you don’t arrive you to understand the text. No dictionaries in the won’t mind.
b) How do their scoring systems work? prepared with stationery, ID, paperwork and exam so practise reading stuff without one. The
essays were challenging. However, I learnt
c) Which exams are important where you come photos.
that clear and simple works best. Spend time
from? j) Plan to arrive 30 minutes before you are planning after / before you write and a good Patrik
d) What do you think is good advice for taking scheduled to start outline will always save time. Finally, avoid An MBA was my goal. Even though / since I’d be
exams? you never know what might happen. unfamiliar vocabulary and punctuation. Stick studying in my own country, the course was in
to what you know. English. A score of 25-plus for reading is hard.
3 Do you agree with the exam tips in Exercise 2? Skim everything and then focus on sections the
Are there any that you think are wrong?
Nataya questions relate to. As though / but as I said,
skim the passage then the questions and then
I work for an international bank and needed a
re-read relevant parts in detail. Essays need
good score to get on. Tips? Firstly, they only
good paragraphs with clear topic and supporting
play recordings once so get used to it. Never
sentences to support your ideas. Linkers definitely
linger on questions if / unless you don’t know the
make reading essays easier for markers. Never
answer. Move on as time is short. Speaking is
give up as no-one passes first time, it took me four
hard too. Explain and sum-up longer answers
attempts to get 100.
with a conclusion; yes and no aren’t enough.
Avoid bigger words so that / as they will penalise
you for poor pronunciation and improper use of
vocabulary. Anyway, after four attempts I got the Aziz
100-plus iBT score I needed for my promotion. I’m determined to get 6.5 on my second go so
as to / so that I can take a law course in New
Ananya Zealand. I’m learning from my mistakes. I need
to use the time after the recordings to transfer
Answer listening questions in order as / where
answers and to check my spelling and grammar.
they follow the recording, usually. Word limits are
My teacher reckons I have to organise my writing
important when / whereas you’re writing letters and
better with discourse markers and use a wider
essays. The same applies to the reading section.
range of vocabulary in my speaking. She also
Limit your answers to the number of words it
suggested I correct myself or reformulate,
states. Finally, never answer just ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to
put what I said in a better way if / unless
the examiners questions. That’s vital according
it’s not clear.
to my teacher. I haven’t actually done the exam
yet but I’ve got to get it for my dream job in
marketing. Band 6 to 7 I hope. My first go is next
week.

2. All About You
‘Making the grade.’
2 Work in small groups. Using the advice from

the people in Exercise 2 and your own ideas,
compile a top tips list for each exam for
reading, listening, writing and speaking.
TOEFL IELTS
Reading
Listening
Writing
Speaking
Using the language

1 Write a practical tip for learning English for e) polish up your reading
each of the following aspects. Add details
and information to your sentences using the
adverbial words and phrases. Think about these
Language focus points. f) enhance your writing
1 Adverbial clauses are used to make writing where you can do it

richer, more descriptive and informative by
adding information about the action in the when you can do it g) increase your active and passive vocabulary
main part of the sentence. Which words or
how you can do it
phrases can you use to make adverbial clauses?
what the outcomes are if you do it
a) to indicate the place where the main action h) punctuation
happens why you should do it
a) improve your fluency

b) to indicate the reason the main action happens
i) pass English exams
2 Look back at the exam advice and highlight the

adverbial clauses. Identify whether they show b) tricks for brushing up your pronunciation and
time or reason. clear speech j) make the most of English classes
3 Read language file 1 on page 96 and do the
exercises.
c) boost your listening skills
2 Discuss your ideas with a partner and share your
ideas with the class.
d) advance your grammar

3. Real World (Listening) Listening 1
1 Listen to two different business people make first contact with the same
‘Networkers.’ potential client and complete the following tasks in pairs.

a) Which of the descriptions in the box would you use for Dave Harrison
(conversation 1) and Frank Giggs (conversation 2)? Why? Give examples from
the conversations.
2 In order to network successfully and meet new
OBJECTIVES people, we first need to ‘break the ice’. Which attentive breaks ice politely inclusive has done his homework
Vocabulary of these do you think are good ways to start a insincere interested in others not too stuffy overly familiar
networking conversation? poor listener rude and pushy self-interested too informal
a) Beautiful day, isn’t it?
Listening Dave Harrison Frank Giggs
follow media with slang and idiomatic language
b) Do you come here often?
understand details in a discussion or debate c) Do you mind if I sit here?
identify and infer attitudes and opinion in extended d) Great conference, don’t you think?
speech e) Hello. Can I buy you a coffee?
confirm details in extended speech f) Hi, do I know you from somewhere?
Speaking g) Hi, I think we met at a conference last year.
socialise effectively using informal language
3 Which are suitable for business and which are
relate contribution to what other speakers have said more suitable for informal socialising? Write B
Writing or I next to the ice breakers in Exercise 2.
write in appropriate style for reader and demonstrate 4 Which of the ice breakers would be acceptable in
an awareness of the audience your country and in what circumstances? b) Who do you think will have the best chance of doing business?
5 Can you think of any more ways you could start a c) Would people have made first contact in the same way in your country?
conversation?
Speaking 2 Listen again and complete the following sentences from the conversations.
1 In pairs, read these quotes about networking Pre-listening a) Excuse me, are you with Infini-Tek ?
from business gurus. What do you think they b) Let me myself.
1 You are going to listen to some business people
mean?
networking, first the initial meeting and then at c) I’m Dave Harrison, Head-Think .
It’s about networking a business lunch. Before you listen, predict the
d) to meet you.
and being nice to kinds of phrases or questions the speakers will
people and not burning use. e) Rich.
any bridges. f) Come along to the launch, .
At the first meeting At the business lunch
Mike Davidson
The way of the g) Really? is interesting.
world is meeting h) me asking?
people through
other people. i) lunch tomorrow?
Robert Kerrigan j) a call.
More business decisions occur k) my head of media, Cassandra Olivetti.
over lunch and dinner than at l) Look, Dave, go …
any other time, yet no MBA
courses are given on the subject. m) … I lunch tomorrow
Social media should Peter Drucker 3 Match the sentences or phrases (a–m) in Exercise 2 with the following
improve your life, not functions.
become your life!
Ask if a question is OK
Patrick Driessen
Be friendly
Conversation finisher
Future reference
Ice breaker
Introduce others
Introduce yourself
Invitation
Offer
Show interest

3. Real World (Listening) 3 Complete the following sentences from the 2 In pairs, you are going to write a business
‘Networkers.’ conversations. Check you answer with the
audioscript on page 87.
networking dialogue that uses some of the
language from this lesson. You can write either a
dialogue that follows the rules and conventions of
a) Let me , it’s Dave
4 Write down some general conversation rules for Conversation 2 conversation and networking, or one that breaks
Harrison, ? the rules. Write the script and check it for errors.
first meetings. a) Frank asks how Rich is.
b) Frank asks for a food suggestion. b) Maybe recommend 3 Rehearse your dialogue so that it sounds natural
something? – if you can perform it without reading from the
c) Frank enquires about the food.
c) , are you staying in the script that would be good.
d) Frank asks suitable questions to encourage small
talk. Hilton near the conference centre? 4 Perform your dialogue for the class.
e) Franks offers to pay. d) the conference? 5 Give feedback on the performances that you
g) Rich promises to get in touch soon. watch. Think about:
e) Did you the country
2 Listen again and identify which person, Dave or much? the conversation rules used and rules broken
Frank, does the following things. whether the conversation is a success.
f) I’ll later this week.
a) arranges a follow-up g) my address, right?
Listening 2 b) asks for suggestions 4 In small groups, discuss the following questions.
c) asks personal questions 1 Starting conversations when business or social
1 Listen to two business lunch conversations a) Will Rich Fairbanks get in touch with either networking is an important skill. Ask your
with Rich Fairbanks. The first one is with Dave d) criticises other people Dave or Frank? hosting family or other local people about
Harrison and the second with Frank Giggs. Are whether it is acceptable or unacceptable to make
the following statements true (T) or false (F)? e) compliments his guest b) Who do you think is more likely to get
business with Rich Fairbanks? Why? small talk in the following situations. What ways
Conversation 1 f ) doesn’t talk shop immediately would they suggest that you do this?
a) Dave asks how Rich is. g) gets down to business quickly
c) What would be your dos and don’ts for
business lunches? Write your ideas in the box. a wedding
b) Dave asks for a food suggestion. h) gives an over-the top greeting
Do Don’t
a club
c) Dave asks suitable questions to encourage small i) offers to pay
talk. in a library
d) Dave offers to pay. j) offers to pay half the bill at a neighbour’s barbeque
e) Rich checks Dave has his contact details. k) patronises his guest in a shop
f) Dave promises to get in touch soon. l) remembers his guest’s name
at a burger restaurant
g) Rich promises to get in touch soon. correctly
at a bus stop
m) talks about sport
in a queue / line
n) uses a friendly opening gambit
2 Based on their suggestions, note down topics and
useful expressions you can use to do this.
3 Report your findings back to the class.
Using the language
1 Write an appropriate response for these
questions and statements.
a) Are you enjoying the conference?
b) Ms Jarvis, isn’t it?
c) Do you mind me asking?
d) I’ll be in touch later this week.
e) Perhaps you can recommend something.
f) Look, Suzanne, I have to go.
g) What about lunch tomorrow?
h) You’ve got my number, right?

4. Real World (Reading) Situation: you’re bored and going nowhere fast. You You’re missing a trick leaving out those other skills. OK. Competencies and interests matched with a job.
need a change of direction, a new lease of life that
15 a) tell them what a fast learner you are. c22 But what’s the reality? Do some research.
1 only your dream job will provide. One day you wake
29
a) face-to-face chats and emails with industry people
‘Dream job hunting.’
b) tell them about all your successes. c20
up full of energy. Now it’s time to make it happen! about what it’s like. c23
c13
16
This search thing is hard going. Maybe give up and b) Google it! Find articles, forums to see what the pros
stay in bed? c13 are saying. c35
A bit of overkill. They won’t like a full inbox. When you
2 30
hear nothing you: Looking good on paper. You need to get your CV/ What are you doing! Don’t you want the job? Take
OBJECTIVES a) call them on their work number. c38 resume out there. control and start making an impression. c40
b) drop in unannounced to chat and network. c9
17
Vocabulary a) attach to Facebook to get high hit rate.c24
b) email to every HR boss in sector – be pro-active!c2 ‘Making a difference involves being creative and
job hunting and interviews
Grammar 3 Showing off gets you nowhere! c40 c) post on well-known specialised recruitment site.
c5
showing leadership. Can you do that?’
a) explain how you encourage others and develop
31
participle and infinitive clauses ideas – with examples. c12
‘Faced with daily challenges, professionalism is key in b) mind-map your philosophy on team-working and
‘The need to communicate well is vital here. Tell us
Reading this role. Do you have it?’
about your interpersonal skills.’ idea generation on a whiteboard. c20
a) focus on one professional area saying how you
follow the sequence of a narrative a) dive in to your networking and persuasion talents. c) run through five great ideas you’ve had with
developed it. c10
4
outcomes – be prepared! c7
18
extract maximum details from text b) list extensive list matched to job spec – be c36
guess meaning of words from context b) lay out your previous responsibilities involving
prepared! c7
32
spoken interaction. c26 Waffle, waffle. The interviewers are going to sleep. Why
Speaking c) offer one or two key professional aspects you
c) tell them about a difficult situation you resolved are you letting this opportunity slip away? c4
possess (thoroughness, reliability) with examples.
talk about complex subjects fluently through communicating well. c11
c31 ‘Sure. But motivation’s not really enough. Looking
participate in an interview as interviewer and
You nailed it! Welcome to the world of heated at your notes I’m unsure about your skills and
interviewee
5 19
You got an interview! You get the suit, knock the door experience.’
meetings, midnight video-calls and 24/7 emails.
and walk in. Good luck.c40
33
You’ve made it! The end. a) mention all your skills but emphasise your relevant
ones briefly. c4
‘To give a more complete picture, could you go over
20 b) pick out relevant experience and skills only. c15
Whoa! Calm down. You’ve had three espressos too
Speaking some of your accomplishments?’
a) impress with your work and non-work triumphs but many. Be dynamic not crazy. c40 c) talk up your skills but mention those you don’t have
and want to learn. c11
1
6
In pairs, rank these skills and personal qualities mention a failure or two to show you’re human. c30
‘OK, you’re passionate, but are you motivated to work
in order of importance (1–12) for an interviewer b) focus on past career goals and how you made them
hard?’ ‘Really? Who, what did they say?’
when choosing someone for the job. happen.c14
accomplishments c) rattle off prepared list of major successes at work.
c32
21
a) outline your CV/resume accomplishments. c7
b) say what you want to accomplish short and long- 34 a) say you can’t reveal your sources.c30
b) throw a few names from the company you saw on
career goals term in industry. c33 their site. c22
c) smile, be energetic and sell yourself. c3
creativity
7
Yawn, yawn. You are sending everyone to sleep. Do
Some interesting stuff on the net. But which items do
something before it’s too late. c40
35
experience
22
Take five and re-think your strategy. This is not going you trust?
interests and hobbies well. c40 a) on websites you are familiar with. c16
8
Boring! You need to catch the eye of potential
b) on national media pages only. c38
interpersonal skills employers. c29
Ground work done. Updating your CV/resume is your
leadership next step towards landing the dream position. ‘So as to succeed, you’ll need to problem-solve daily.
No, no, no! How on earth are you going to find your
9
motivation a) show your suitability with lots of examples of great Talk us through your methods and track record.’
dream job at this rate? Maybe head to the burger bar
23
skills and experience you possess. c8 a) detail methods you know (brainstorming, SWOT-
passion for the job for an application form. c1
36
b) highlight your qualifications – you worked hard for analysis …) with examples of success. c6
problem-solving abilities them. c16 b) emphasise how you seek team’s ideas and work
10
Too narrow. They most likely want a generalist type.
professionalism c) tailor to dream job and emphasise relevant skills with them. c26
c21
and qualifications. c39 c) show leadership, explain how you do it your way on
relevant skills
your own. c20
11
That kind of response is not impressing anybody.
2 Share your ideas with the class. c21 24 Are you crazy? Only stalkers will find it there. c13
They looked surprised. ‘Are you really the
37
management type?’ they ask.
Pre-reading ‘OK, you came to impress us. But how compatible are
you with this post?’
They listen attentively and ask … why? a convince them with your humour. c32
a) tell them a fortune teller told you. c28 b let them know lots of companies want you. c3
1 You are going to read a problem-solving maze
about finding your dream job and getting 12
a) persuade them this job is for you, it’s your dream
job. c25 25 b) tell them it’s because of a documentary you saw.
c11
38
b) pinpoint how your qualifications match the job Poor choice. You are wasting time. You’ll be retiring
through the interview. Before your read, discuss c) say it would make your parents happy. c30
spec. c18 soon! c13
what interview questions you think would be
asked for each of the skills and personal qualities
26
Blah, blah, blah. Same old same old. You’ve done Nice work! Time for that killer cover letter to back up
in Speaking Exercise 2. Identifying your dream job is the first step but how to
nothing to distinguish yourself from the crowd. c33 your CV/resume.
go about it?
a) be brief and to the point, relating your experience
13
a) approximate salary targets, benefits and ideal
Reading working environment. c9
‘Nearly finished. An employee working 24/7 is no good
to us. How do you fill those spare hours?’ 39
and skills only to job specs. c17
b) detail achievements with examples and your salary
b) list your skills, passions and what you’re willing to
1 In pairs, find a successful way through the a) emphasise your reading related to this job. c37 expectations. c9
problem-solving maze. Take turns to read the
situations and the options to each other and
sacrifice to do or get a job. c29
27 b) explain you’re a people person and are out all the
time with friends. c3
c) outline successes and failures – honesty is
appreciated. c38
‘Sounds good. Given a chance here, what would be
make your decisions based on the information c) outline your balanced life: socialising, hobbies, sport
your career goals?’
and choices presented. a) mention specific job titles you want – CEO, CIO, GM. and so on. c19 The interviewer thumbs your CV/resume. ‘We need
people passionate about the job. Tell us about your
14
c26
28
Get your head out of the clouds and back in the real passions.’
b) specify goals that only relate to job you’re
world. c33 a) hearing how great the job was you decided to
interviewing for. c27
c) wow them with tales of a business you will own and 40 apply. c34
b) summarise reasons you love the sector with
run one-day. c28
examples. c21
c) tell them about the money and trappings you want.
c3

4. Real World (Reading)
‘Dream job hunting.’
2 Look back at the maze and put the skills and

personal qualities in the order they were asked
about (1–12). Write an interview question for
each one.
accomplishments career goals creativity experience interests and hobbies motivation

interpersonal skills leadership passion for the job professionalism relevant skills
problem-solving abilities
1
2
3
4
5 Using the language
6
1 You are going to carry out an interview based
7 on the skills and personal qualities from the
8 problem-solving maze. Look at the skills and
personal qualities (1–12). in Reading Exercise 2
9 and prepare a list of interview questions.
10 2 Outline your dream job in the space below.
11
Job title
12
Qualifications required
3 Do you agree with correct responses to the

questions that allow you to progress through the
Necessary skills
maze?
Language focus
1 Correct the mistakes in these extracts from the
problem-solving maze.
a) An employee works 24/7 is no good to us.
b) Facing with daily challenges, professionalism is
Key responsibilities
key in this role.
c) To give a chance here, what would be your career
goals?
d) Look at your notes, I’m unsure about your skills
and experience.
e) Made a difference involves being creative and
showing leadership.
f) So as to succeeding, you’ll need to problem-solve 3 Prepare for an interview for your dream job by Out in the real world
daily. making notes on the skills and personal qualities
that you have. 1 Do some research and find an advertised job that
g) The need communicated well is vital here. you would be interested in. Write a short piece
h) Gave a more complete picture, could you go over 4 In pairs, swap your job descriptions and outlining why you are interested in the job and
some of your accomplishments? interview each other using the questions you why you would be suitable for it. Include the job
have prepared. Remember to use follow up description and job specs.
2 Read language file 2 on page 98 and do the questions if you feel you need more information
exercises. from the interview candidate. 2 Be prepared to share your findings with the class
and answer any questions they may have.
3 Can you find other examples of the clauses 5 Give each other feedback on the interview.
mentioned in the grammar files in the maze?

5. Real World (Speaking)
‘Presentation tricks.’ Listening

1 You are going to listen to an expert on presentations talking about the tricks of
the trade that they use to catch and hold the attention of their audiences. Before
you listen, discuss what tricks to improve presentations might be mentioned.
2 Listen to the presentation and answer the following questions.
a) Who does he cite as great public speakers?
b) How does he try to frighten the audience?
c) What three stories does he tell?
d) Which themes does the speaker use as the source of many of the expressions in the
talk? Can you remember any of the expressions?
cooking
love
politics
sport
war
3 a) Listen again and write down the six key language tricks for presentations that
the speaker mentions.
b) Match the six key language tricks to their definitions.

Speaking
OBJECTIVES figures of speech to compare items or
Vocabulary 1 In small groups, look at the list of features that
suggest similarity
make a good presentation or speech. Discuss
presentations question asked to make a point and not
what you think about each one and add your own
Grammar ideas to the list. expecting a reply
discourse markers to structure and signpost formal
audience participation repeat an item three different ways for
speech and writing impact
Listening humour sentences or clauses similar in length
listen to a presentation or lecture great visual aids and form
take notes in presentations and lectures short personal story
memorable
summarise main points in extended speech two or three words in sequence with
practised and well-rehearsed
Speaking similar initial sounds
give a presentation short and sweet
c) Read the audioscript on page 88 and find examples of each of the key
use rhetorical devices speaker eye contact language tricks.
refer to visuals
speaker isn’t static
develop an argument effectively thought provoking
give detailed descriptions of subjects well-structured
use signalling language to structure a presentation 2 What structure does a presentation typically
respond to questions in a presentation follow?
Writing 3 Can you think of any stock phrases that
use relevant planning and checking processes presenters often use?

‘Presentation tricks.’
4 a) The speaker uses a variety of expressions

to get his audience to look at the presentation
screen. Correct the mistakes in the following
expressions.
1 As can you see …
2 As these slide shows, ...
3 Have look at this slide …
4 I’ll like you to look at this ...

Preparation Task
1 a) You are going to prepare a short presentation 1 a) Give your presentation to the class and
about how to do something successfully. Choose answer any questions they may have.
5 Look this next slide … a subject that you are familiar with or are
comfortable researching for your presentation. b) When you listen to the presentations, try to
Here are some ideas. identify the rhetorical devices the presenter uses.
6 This graph indicate...
applying for a job
7 Would you turn you attention to … getting a promotion
1 a) Go to a presentation website such as TED.com
applying for college / university and choose a presentation on a subject you are
b) Which expressions does the speaker use? visa applications interested in. Watch the video and make notes
on the content and a few examples of rhetorical
passing a driving test devices the speaker uses. Indicate what you think
of the speaker’s presentation style.
getting a good TOEFL / IELTS score
b) Share your findings with the class and be
being good at an activity (sport, games …)
prepared to answer any questions they may have.
b) Mind map the information you need and
think about the structure of your presentation.
Come up with a title, it could be ‘How to
successfully … ’ or ‘How to … successfully’.
c) Plan a visual aid (PowerPoint slides / a poster
…) and include phrases to refer to your visuals in
the presentation.
d) Choose one or two rhetorical devices and
include a few examples in your presentation.
e) Practise your presentation in pairs and
feedback on your partner’s work.

6. Finding out (Reading) HOME NEWS STORIES
‘Grow great kids.’ Ask yourself

How do you make sure they grow to be happy, productive, well-balanced individuals able to cope
d) Scientists generally agree on child-rearing skills. with whatever life throws at them? Age-old questions of raising great kids have divided opinion
OBJECTIVES amongst researchers, parents and even the kids themselves for generations. What we do know is
Vocabulary that times are changing and to make it in this world your kids need to be prepared for the road ahead
metaphor and literal meanings
e) The guests both speak from experience.
f) The invited speakers share similar views. of them. You know, the one you are on right now, juggling careers, expectations, relationships and, Shout FM
well, the prospect of having little ones. Today we’ve invited a couple of well-known mums famous for Intelligent talk radio
parenting g) The show will probably include heated debate.
espousing their own brand of ‘home-truths’ about rearing junior. Being the show that we are of course,
Reading
h) The show is only for parents.
they have little in common and so we expect some fireworks from these family gurus. To give you a
follow the sequence of a narrative
taste of what’s coming up, take a look at their personal philosophies that have led to multi-million-
relate texts to personal values 2 a) In pairs, read about the two parents who are dollar book deals and whole industries of TV shows, workshops, websites and, of course, radio
follow the development of an argument going to be on the radio show. One of you should shows. Don’t forget to add your comments or phone into the live show at 6 o’clock tomorrow.
extract maximum details from text read about Cath Sims and the other person read
evaluate advantages and disadvantages about Jade Macpherson. Read your articles and
make notes on the key points that each of the Cath Sims, parenting expert, supports a tiger-mum manifesto Jade Macpherson, author, advocates the TLC-
skim a text for the main ideas Let’s be straight, I’m not a tiger mum in the strict sense, but I share mum’s method
parents is making.
guess meaning of words from context common ground. I suggest you don’t mess about as the clock is ticking You get accused of being a lazy mum when you
scan a text for relevant details 3 Read about the opinions of the four people, on your children’s futures. You really need to take with a pinch of salt put kindness at the heart of what you do. These
support ideas and answers with references from a
Marvin, Brian, Yasmin and Ursula on page 26, the general wishy-washy liberal myths put out there by ‘earth-mother’ uber-aggressive alpha mums simply pigeonhole you
text and answer the following questions. types. A rewarding, stimulating existence is the result of a mum’s hard because it’s convenient. To me, that’s lazy thinking.
a) Which of the people is currently on their own? work and eschewing the accusations of over-parenting or being a What do you want for your kids? Fame, fortune
Speaking helicopter mum. What do I mean? Well, you definitely need to challenge and glittering careers? Look around you at the
talk about complex subjects fluently them through demanding pursuits so be sure to enrol them in maths unhappiness and frustration in this world resulting
develop an argument effectively b) Which of the people is in a bad marriage? club or orchestra and not drama or art class. Who got anywhere with from over-parenting. Successful parenting puts
give detailed descriptions of subjects head-in-the-clouds abstract thinking? Push them now and they will the child’s emotional well-being at the heart of
thank you later! Not only that but you need to demand results. Do not every decision you make. What do I mean by
contribute to informal discussions c) Which of the people is in a good marriage? sit on the fence with lame congratulations for effort. Tell them you are that? Parents who joke with their kids usually
respond to counter-arguments in discussions ‘disappointed’ or that it is ‘unacceptable’. Avoid saying ‘well done’ as reinforce the value of humour in their child’s
relate contribution to what other speakers have said it sets the bar too low for achievement – you need to push ‘do better’. eyes. Keep it light and they will learn to
d) Which of the people is happy? Why?
Also, never apologise – ‘sorry’ sets a bad example that suddenly understand not only the nuance of language,
everything is OK, I can do bad things then just say sorry. You need to learn to laugh which will help you cope with
Pre-reading e) Which of the people is unhappy? Why? lead by example 24/7. Never let your guard down. any situation, but also make friends. That’s
What’s more, you need to pick out the child they know that is ‘perfect’ what laughter does, it breaks down barriers. Not only that, but kids
1 In pairs, discuss the following questions. and constantly compare them unfavourably. You think that’s pretty need wrapping in positivity, which not only lightens the mood but will
a) How important do you think the following f) Which type of parent did each of the people have mean, I know. However, it will motivate them through disappointment, encourage optimism which is the greatest life enabler they can have.
aspects are in bringing up children? (Tiger or TLC)? it’s the greatest driver we have. So when they under-perform don’t pat Remember to foster kindness by being kind to them as this will help
them on the back. You need to be critical, so no pretend hi-fives in develop their ability to empathise and emote in later life. What does
kindness
my house just plain speaking and the truth. I don’t wrap them in cotton that do? It means they will not only have successful relationships but
strictness g) Which brand of parenting philosophy does each wool, I tell it like it is, like they need to hear it, like their boss is going these are key management competencies for all your ‘tiger-mums’
respect person’s experience support? to tell them first day on the job. They had better respond to that boss out there. One thing I have to tell parents at our workshops is to let
favourably rather than sulk or feel sorry for themselves, or they’ll be go. Take a hands-off approach and let them fall, make mistakes and
praise
out. You really have to hammer it home to them that being the best, feel the consequences of bloodied knees and failure. This will result in
humour h) Which of the people do you think has been more doing your best will ultimately lead to happy lives. So you may not see autonomy, independence and free-thinking adults in charge of their own
successful and why? eye-to-eye in the short term, but you have to look at the bigger picture lives and not being over-reliant on mum, dad, line manager or whoever
self-esteem
honesty and think of their futures not just the here and now like those soft-touch is on the other end of the phone line.
mummies. Another weapon in your armoury is to use and encourage You really need to work at the mother–child bond as well, as research
b) Would you add anything else to this list? 4 Skim the data. Which approach, if any, does each sibling rivalry, which may sound a little counter-intuitive to many of has shown this leads to better behaved children more able to learn, and
c) Do you think there is a blueprint for successful statistic support? you. Make sure you give affection to the achiever as sheer envy will they even show lower levels of criminality in later life. Tough love can
child rearing? 5 Read through the comments section. Which of drive the under-performer on to better have harsh consequences in later life, so be sure to give the apple of
the commenters: things. Trust me, it works. Ask yourself: your eye a hug when they show effort in anything. Forget perfection,
what do you want your children to be? no-one gets there and it will lead to a sense of failure and a need to
Reading doubts the data? Artists? Musicians? Believe me, they’ll be meet parental expectation for the rest of their lives. Reward their effort
1 A radio show has posted the details of an up- unemployed and unhappy most of their and the joy of trying and life will reward them. Another thing which
coming discussion about different parenting probably supports Cath? lives. Insist on good career choices. Not sounds simple is to know and befriend your child so you can share
styles. Their website introduces the show, the only at school but into the college years their worries and anxieties. A problem shared is a problem halved my
guests, key statistics in the debate, relevant case and those first professional steps, you mother used to say. Don’t forget to socialise with them. I mean, let
studies and comments from listeners. Read most likely sides with Jade? know, 24 or 25. Then you can maybe them attend your dinner parties and join in. That way, you can be a
the introduction to the show ‘Ask yourself ’ and relax a little but you still need to role model for emotional achievement and let them see how to behave.
decide whether the following statements are true provide good advice and strong Put enjoyment at the heart of childhood and let them choose how to fill
wouldn’t see eye-to-eye with either Jade or Cath? guidance. Don’t let them make their time – ignore them and they will find enjoyable ways to pass the
(T) or false (F).
mistakes. Manage their decision hours. Finally, let a little backchat slide. Talking back to your parents
a) Bringing up children has made the invitees rich. making until they make the right is the first expression of independence and autonomy, standing up for
thinks genetics count more than parenting as to how decisions. My daughters have what we believe in. That’ll stand them in good stead in the boardroom,
b ) Listeners can email, post comments, tweet or call children turn out? kids of their own and I’m still tiger-mum.
the show. helping them to make the ‘right’
c) Parents face many parenting dilemmas during decisions.
6 In your opinion, which of the commenters; are
parenthood. ridiculous, have some merit, are spot on, don’t
make sense? Explain your choices and reasons to
your partner.

6. Finding out (Reading) Vocabulary Using the vocabulary
‘Grow great kids.’ 1 Words and phrases can have literal meanings or 1 Metaphors can be hard to learn and difficult
they can act as metaphors. Are the words in bold to use accurately, however it is important to
in the following quotes metaphors (M), do they be familiar some of them as they enhance
HOME NEWS STORIES have a literal meaning (L) or are they neither both spoken and written language. In small
(N)? groups, discuss how the metaphorical language
a) … be prepared for the road ahead. in Vocabulary Exercise 1 is used and why the
Marvin Brian Yasmin Ursula speakers choose to use this language rather than
b) … give the apple of your eye a hug …
My mum made it happen. Do this, do that. That’s all I Sure I don’t have much in the Check the paper, read the small alternative literal expressions.
Boy was she super-strict with remember, I guess. They kept way of cars and stuff. I live at print, file it away. I’m stuck in this c) … give you a taste of what is to come …
2 Complete the following sentences with your own
everything I did. She micro- pushing all day every day for me home with my partner and five dead end job. Why? Dippy hippy d) … kids need wrapping in positivity …
opinions.
managed everything for me and to do better. By the time I got to kids in a rented house. We don’t parents who were so intent on me e) … let them fall, make mistakes …
made sure I did the right things college I felt burnt out and with take holidays, really, but I’d say enjoying myself and exploring life a) The road ahead for me is
to get to the top. No sleepovers, no idea what I wanted to do. we’re happy. OK, I’m an office they forgot to mention the realities
f) … no pretend hi-fives in my house …
no playing out with friends, no Fast-forward to now, I’m unable clerk. I under-achieved at school. of careers, mortgages and real g) … reinforce the value of humour in their
football on Saturday mornings. to stick with a job. I guess you’d Is that because my parents fulfilment. So much for their child’s eye. b) The apple of my eye is
I guess it did the trick. I’m a call me a drifter. I don’t really weren’t pushy enough, who can advice. They’re off back-packing h) … saying ‘well done’ sets the bar too low for because
high-flying exec with a blue chip talk to them because I feel I’ve say? But I don’t spend my days somewhere while I’m trapped achievement.
company. I take nice foreign let them down. I’ve let everyone being envious of others thinking in a pointless, dull job and a c) will give you a
i) … standing up for what we believe in ...
holidays and live in a penthouse. down including myself. I’m sure the grass is greener. We have a dysfunctional relationship as a taste of life in my country.
The envy of my friends you might I’ll turn it around though. I’m great family and social life. My result of my frustrations. Thanks, j) … whatever life throws at them …
say. If I ever got married or had doing an acting course at night parents were really laid-back mum and dad. My kids will have k) Do not sit on the fence with lame d) Whatever life throws at me
kids I would definitely take the school which really helps my self- types who just said be happy it so different. I’m going to be on congratulations for effort …
tough approach. esteem. with what you’ve got. We pretty their case night and day! l) I don’t wrap them in cotton wool … e) I would sit on the fence about
much do the same with our
family. m) Look at the bigger picture …
n) Never let your guard down.
Eye-popping data
f) Looking at the bigger picture is important
o) Take a hands-off approach …
because
p) We expect some fireworks from these mums…
• 39% of graduates don’t know what they want to do until they are 28, too late for some careers. g) Expect fireworks when
• Children of strict and relaxed parents have the same divorce rate. q) What laughter does, it breaks down barriers…

• Surveys show 28% of criminals have a ‘mum’ tattoo. r) When they under-perform don’t pat them on
h) breaks down
barriers between people.
• 77% of US CEOs said their upbringing was strict to very strict. the back.
s) You may not see eye-to-eye … i) I don’t see eye to eye with
• 43% of separated and adopted twins show similar career path outcomes despite different parenting t) You really have to hammer it home to them… on
styles.
j) Parents should hammer home the importance of
• 24% of addiction patients cite having a strict childhood. 2 Match the metaphors in Exercise 1 to the
following definitions.
• 71% of Oscar winners and 62% of Nobel prize-winning artists mention ‘freedom to choose’ and ‘parental 3 Discuss your sentences in small groups. Explain
love’ as a contributing factor to their success. a life
your ideas with examples and details and answer
• Studies show strictest parenting countries have the highest happiness rates and the lowest rates of other students’ questions.
b the person you love the most
depression in the world.
Readers’ comments c a short experience of something 1 a) Ask the opinion of someone outside the
classroom on the different parenting principles
C’mon, everyone knows interfering parents mess you up. Dave, Cardiff d challenges outlined in the text.
Some of those research numbers look pretty iffy to me. Sue, Guildford b) Get the views of a parent on the parenting
philosophies of the TLC and tiger mums.
As always, the answer is to take a middle-of-the-road approach to life and take the best of both worlds. e be undecided
Not too strict and not too lax. JC, Newcastle. c) Share your findings with the class.
Any secondary school teacher will tell you that discipline is the only way to get kids to achieve. f the whole situation
The hippy parents need to wake up! Jen, Glasgow
g signs of strong emotion
Chill out will you, there’s a lot of hate here today from the trolls. Hands-off works if you lead by example. Terry, Dublin
Just look at how authoritarian parents messed up Brian’s life. Maggie, Shrewsbury h brings people closer
Bring back military service. People need certainty in their lives. Jon, Plymouth
Life and happiness is about the choices you make from 12 to 25 mainly. Young people cannot be trusted to make these mistakes i agree with
themselves. I should know. Shannon, Manchester.
I think they’re both nutters. Thousands of years of happy kids before we even started thinking about this stuff. Ron, Birmingham h) send a strong message
It’s all useless. Our lives are driven by nature not nurture. This discussion is futile. Barbara, Bath

7. Finding out (Listening)
‘Born lucky?’
I don’t believe
in luck. I believe
everything happens
for a reason.
I think luck falls I’m amazed that things have
Nelly
on not just the brave but panned out the way they have.
also the ones who believe I always say I’m so lucky,
A good idea is about
they belong there. I feel that luck is though my mum always says:
10% and implementation
Novak Djokovic preparation meeting you make your own luck.
and hard work, and luck
opportunity. Orlando Bloom
is 90%.
Oprah Winfrey Guy Kawasaki
When you get as Luck is not
lucky as I got, you I have had lots of
chance, it’s toil;
have to work as hard luck in my career but
fortune’s expensive
as possible to earn that there has also been
luck. smile is earned.
a lot of hard work.
Daniel Radcliffe Emily Dickinson I think the harder
Everything in Maria Sharapova
you work, the more
life is luck.
luck you have.
Donald Trump
Dave Thomas
Pre-listening
OBJECTIVES
Grammar 1 Read the quotes above on the relationship
between luck and success and discuss the
sound–spelling relationships: consonants
following questions in pairs.
Vocabulary 2 Complete these sentences with your own ideas.
a) What is each person’s view on success?
word building: adjectives, nouns and verbs a) The unluckiest person I’ve ever known was
b) Which people have similar views?
Listening
follow media with slang and idiomatic language c) Whose outlook is closest to your own? b) The most fortunate person I’ve encountered was
identify details in audio programmes
summarise main points in extended speech c) In life, luck is
analyse speaker’s purpose
Reading
d) The only way to success is
relate texts to personal values
guess meaning of words from context e) I’m generally lucky / unlucky because
support ideas and answers with references from a text
Speaking 3 Discuss your sentences in Exercise 2 with a partner.
use rhetorical devices Listening
1 Listen to a researcher and author talk about her findings on the
contribute to informal discussions relationship between luck and success. Decide whether the following
statements are true (T) or false (F).
a) According to the author, success is equal parts luck and hard work.
b) We make our own luck is what the speaker concludes.
c) The researcher worked hard to get her first post.
d) The outcomes showed that lucky people are generally positive.
e) More fortunate people are stressed out and anxious on the whole.
f) Test subjects who remained positive and open became luckier.
g) Book insights include intuition, openness, recalling success and
visualisation.
h) The British author sounds positive and convincing.
i) She is trying to sell the book and its ideas to you.
j) The ideas are based on scientific research.

7. Finding out (Listening) Using the vocabulary
‘Born lucky?’ 1 Complete the questions in the ‘How lucky are
you?’ test using words in Vocabulary Exercise 1.
2 Listen again and identify which of the following 2 In pairs, ask each other the questions and make a
rhetorical devices the speaker uses. note of your partner’s answers.
alliteration 3 Look at the test key and feedback on page 95 and
anecdote score your partner’s answers.
metaphor or simile 4 Tell your partner the results of the test and
discuss how accurate you think they are.
parallel structures
rhetorical questions
How lucky are you?

rule of three
3 Read the audioscript on page 89 and find
examples of the rhetorical devices you identified
in Exercise 2.
Answer these simple questions to find out your luck rating.
Vocabulary
1 Complete the word families for the following
words from the talk. Not all of the words have all 1 Are you to trying exotic foods
of the forms. from different parts of the world?
anxiety aware determination eminent fortune 2 Do you accept a situation in life even though you aren’t
impress insight intuition open persistent or are unhappy with it?
relaxed resilience satisfied stress success
Noun Verb Adjective
anxiety - anxious
3 Is your eye for detail ? Do you always
read the small print?
4 Do you believe you will in everything
you do: job, study or new hobby?
5 Are you and believe you can

bounce back from setbacks in exams and interviews?
6 If you broke your arm in a traffic accident would you say
you were as it might have been
worse?
7 Do you sometimes feel or

worried at night about a situation like a looming
exam or a presentation?
8 Would you about starting
conversations with strangers and avoid such
situations?
9 Is __________ and listening to the voice in your head

important in your decision making?
10 Does your __________ of superstitions impact your decisions
in everyday life?

8. Sharing Information (Writing) Luis pertinent experience and incorporated
the information learnt in the classroom
A
‘My personal statement.’
for use in the field!
I believe working at KJ Bank will help me grow professionally
and personally with a company that has international reach D
and is highly regarded in the sector: As such, I am highly Working with a team has resulted
motivated to join a specialised team involved in brokering in a team-oriented approach to my
Speaking high-profile deals and seen as a centre of excellence within the work. Faced with deadlines and
OBJECTIVES challenges, my management style
1 Discuss the following questions in pairs. industry. This position represents a step up for me to head up
Vocabulary has become result-oriented towards
key accounts and lead company acquisitions. Given greater
applications for jobs and courses a) Have you ever applied for a job or course of meeting the financial targets of my
responsibility, I feel I will meet and exceed the expectations of
study?
Grammar the company in these challenging times. company and clients. Moreover, I was
b) What paperwork did you have to complete? awarded the ‘Outstanding Intern Prize’
finite adverbial clauses B
c) Did you need to include any specific documents from my placement and felt I had developed my
participle and infinitive clauses Considering the nature of my studies, I am clearly suited
with your application? presentation and negotiation skills upon finishing the
Reading d) Did you have to write a section about yourself? to the high-pressure finance-focused world of international internship. I feel I would bring significant expertise in these
understand texts found in a professional situation What information did you include? banking. Both my degree in Business and Finance and my areas to the position.
identify text type, text purpose, text organisation and diploma in Acquisitions and Mergers A & M were geared
e) What was the most difficult part of the to preparing me for a managerial role in the future in a E
understand cohesive devices
application process? I have been a member of a basketball team for over ten years
analyse an author’s purpose company such as yours. After leaving university, I attended
several short investment industry courses dealing with: and feel this has significantly enhanced my team-working and
scan a text for relevant details
Reading customer relationship management CRM, business to business networking skills. Subsequently: I have taken on the role of
B2B management and initial public offering IPO selling. club captain so as to further my leadership abilities. I have a
support ideas and answers with references from a text 1 A personal statement tells a company or love of competitive sports of all kinds and often take part in
Consequently, this has given me a firm understanding of the
institution about us and why we are suitable ‘adrenalin’ type activities such as skydiving, scuba diving and
Speaking for the position or place. Read the two personal
theory and principles required for the position.
contribute to formal debates and discussions
snowboarding, demonstrating a desire for challenges. Clearly:
statements and decide which one is part of a job C I work hard to achieve and succeed in all my interests in order
participate in an interview as interviewer and application and which one is part of a university I have relevant and successful work experience within the
interviewee
to compete and to be the best.
application. industry. I took an internship as part of my degree programme
relate contribution to what other speakers have said in a New York bank (H&E Int.) so I could improve my English F
2 What do each of the sections do? Label each
Writing section of the personal statements with the skills and build my finance knowledge. Furthermore, I was The combination of experience, qualifications and desire I
write formal correspondence following functions. mentored by section heads in the corporate section whenever have shown makes me an ideal candidate for the position. In
I had the opportunity. The internship was followed by a series addition, I feel I would fit in well with the role and culture of
use correct layout and format concluding short paragraph
of six-week placements through my final year and diploma your company in order to make a success of the position and
use correct punctuation describing work experience
studies. As a result, I built on my knowledge base with add to the company’s overall achievements.
provide clear and correct paragraphing explaining relevance of studies
support main ideas with supporting points, reasons outlining skills and achievements Janina
and examples
stating reasons for applying A
use connectors appropriately in texts
talking about future plans I have always been interested in a journalism caree
use relevant planning and checking processes r since my days on the school newspaper. This cours
write in appropriate style for reader and demonstrate talking about hobbies and interests opportunity to develop my skills and sample the differe e will allow me the
nt worlds of print and multi-media journalism. Hence
an awareness of the audience talking about management and people skills explore these and deepen my understanding throug ; my excitement to
h academic study and industry placements offere
International Baccalaureate (IB) incorporates most d on your course. My current
talking about interests and responsibilities forms of journalism and writing and prepares me
Before commencing the course, I hope to take a summ well for the next academic level.
er-school placement in journalism in the USA so
experience and English language skills. as to further enhance my
B
Since studying for the IB, my writing skills have develo
ped considerably in terms of style appropriate to
and the speed of output? I have enjoyed my time different types of publication
enormously on the school newspaper working in
best output possible as though working on a profes a team dedicated to producing the
sional publication. Coupled with my ability to netwo
the story, wherever that might be. To support my applic rk, I am able to find and get
ation, I have attached several articles published in
(see attachments section) and my fourth prize in national student magazines
the Grainger Prize (GP Awards) for student journa
lism.
C
I have been an active member of several societies
and clubs while studying at college including; chess
and volleyball. My ability to take part in team-type club, badminton, swimming
situations, is clearly demonstrated through these
most of these opportunities, I committed time, energ activities. In order to make the
y and my organisational abilities into club comm
I am keen to repeat at university level. ittee-level responsibilities, which
D
I have limited and yet valuable work experience. Speci
fically; I held the position of supermarket shelf-stacke
responsibilities beyond my position level. I demonstrat r where I was given
ed (see references) organisational, time-manage
throughout my time there and received glowing refere ment and IT competencies
nces for my efforts.
E
Looking at the future, it is my aim to have a succe
ssful career in online journalism and social-medi
an essential step in achieving my goals while being a reportage, I see your course as
an active member of the student body adding to
student and campus life.
F
I hope that you consider my application for a place
on the Journalism degree course this coming acade
strong candidate who can offer much to the depar mic year. I believe I am a
tment and university as a whole.

8. Sharing Information (Writing) Planning
‘My personal statement.’ 1 a) You are going to write a personal statement to support a university course
or job application. Choose the type of personal statement which is more
appropriate for you and reflects your future plans.
b) Plan your personal statement. Remember to think about these points.
the structure of the personal statement
good paragraphing and punctuation
key phrases for your statement
3 Decide if these statements are true (T) or false Language focus

(F) for Luis’ personal statement.
1 Find examples in the personal statements of the
a) He brings strong meeting and presenting skills.
different clause types mentioned in other lessons

in this unit (infinitive, participle and non-finite).
b) He is a prize-winning candidate.
2 Match the punctuation marks with their use.
c) He is result- and team-orientated.
d) He is very motivated. 1 apostrophe a) encloses direct speech or
e) He lacks industry-specific work experience. quoted material
f) His educational background differed from this 2 brackets / b) shows less important
specific position. parentheses information that could be
omitted
g) His sporting activities are relevant.
3 colon c) marks emotional emphasis Writing
h) The position is for a UK company or is in the
at the end of sentences 1 a) Write your personal statement. You should write 400–500 words for the
UK.
i) The position is for key accounts leader. 4 comma d) marks the end of a question statement.
j) The sole purpose of the time in New York was to 5 full stop / e) marks the end of a b) When you have finished, swap your writing with a partner and check each
boost language skills. period sentence other’s work. Think about grammar, spelling, paragraphing and punctuation.
6 question mark f ) precedes a list, quotation c) Discuss the corrections with your partner.
4 Decide if these statements are true (T) or false
or separates two similar
(F) for Janina’s personal statement. d) Rewrite your personal statement taking into account the feedback you
sentences
a) She wants to be a TV reporter. received.
7 inverted g) separates list items or two
b) Networking and writing skills will help her commas / similar sentences
become a good journalist. quotation Speaking
c) She has IT skills. (quote) marks
1 a) You are going to discuss your personal statements in pairs. Swap personal
d) She does not have any suitable references to 8 semi-colon h) separates sentences into statements with another student. Tell them the job or course type you are
offer. clauses for ease of reading applying for.
e) She is an organised team player. 9 exclamation i) shows possession or a verb
b) Prepare a list of questions to get more information about items or phrases
f) She is new to journalism. mark form contraction
mentioned in the personal statements. Use some of the following expressions in
g) She only wants to focus on studying at university. your questions.
3 Read the personal statements again and correct

any punctuation errors you can find. Considering your lack of …
h) She wants to take a year off before starting the
degree. Could you expand on …
i) She intends to study further before the degree Given your experience with …
commences. Perhaps you could give me specific examples of …
j) She offers a portfolio of work with the Regarding your …
application. Would you mind telling me a little bit more about …
5 What are each applicant’s major strengths in You mentioned … in your statement, can you give me more details?
your opinion?
c) Question your partner about their personal statement and give them
6 Would you give them the place or position? feedback on how well they performed.
Why? / Why not?

9. About Your World
‘Epic fails.’ Invention 1 Invention 2

What is the invention called? What is the invention called?
Speaking
OBJECTIVES What does it do? What does it do?
Vocabulary 1 Look at the inventions below and discuss the
following questions.
success and failure
a) What are the inventions called? What was the inventor’s eureka moment? What was the inventor’s eureka moment?
Grammar
b) What are they for?
narrative tenses for experiences
c) Which ones have had the greatest impact on Who invented it? Who invented it?
Listening society?
summarise main points in extended speech
d) Why have they been so successful?
follow media with slang and idiomatic language When was it invented? When was it invented?
identify and infer attitudes and opinion in extended
2 What do you think are the best inventions in the
speech last year, 10 years, 100 years or ever?
What was the chronological order of events for the What was the chronological order of events for the
confirm details in extended speech invention? invention?
Speaking Listening
contribute to informal discussions 1 a) Listen to four inventors of devices and
Why do you think it failed? Why do you think it failed?
give a presentation gadgets. Match the speakers (1–4) with one of the
refer to visuals following inventions.
talk about complex subjects fluently What could have been done differently to make it a What could have been done differently to make it a
Speaker Invention
success? success?
Digit-Dial
use signalling language to structure a presentation
Secure Saliva
respond to questions in a presentation What does the future hold? What does the future hold?
relate contribution to what other speakers have said Mutt-Mutter app
Pocket-Porta-
What do you think invention looks like? What do you think invention looks like?
Player
b) Were the inventions successes or failures?

2 Listen again and answer the following questions
for each invention.
Invention 3 Invention 4
What is the invention called? What is the invention called?
What does it do? What does it do?
What was the inventor’s eureka moment? What was the inventor’s eureka moment?
Who invented it? Who invented it?
When was it invented? When was it invented?
What was the chronological order of events for the What was the chronological order of events for the
invention? invention?
Why do you think it failed? Why do you think it failed?
What could have been done differently to make it a What could have been done differently to make it a
success? success?
What does the future hold? What does the future hold?
What do you think invention looks like? What do you think invention looks like?

9. About Your World Speaking
‘Epic fails.’ 1 a) You are going to work in small groups to come
up with a great invention that will impact people
and their lives. Start by deciding on an everyday
problem that could be helped by a new invention.
Here are some examples.
games to help people remember / learn a language
cheap / low-energy devices for the developing
world
transport innovations for growing populations
affordable / quick-to-build housing
ingenious kitchen appliances
machines to prevent flooding in buildings
inexpensive drinking water for remote places
b) Spend a few minutes thinking individually
about possible solutions to the problem your
group chose.
c) Get back together and discuss your solutions
by talking about the pros and cons of each one.
Narrow the field to one as a group. Outline your
solution or invention in detail with a diagram.
d) Briefly present both the problem and your
solution to the class. Be prepared to answer any
questions they may have.
e) As you listen to the presentations, take notes
and ask questions.
f) In your groups, discuss the merits of each
invention presented. Choose the one that you
think is the most feasible giving your reasons
for your choice. Briefly list the reasons why you
dismissed each of the other solution/inventions.
g) Share your ideas with the class.
3 Which of the inventions do you think are real and d) That was an expensive mistake and as a result we
which are made up? hadn’t appeared in the app chart since. Out in the real world
4 Read the audioscript on page 89 and complete 1 Research information about the most notable or
the following tasks. important invention in your country’s history.
a) Find the phrases used to describe that first Make notes on the following points and try to
e) The decks ruined because somebody had been find a diagram or picture of the invention.
creative moment.
stumbling into the sound system.
a description of the invention and what it does
b) Find eight synonyms for ‘invent’. information about the inventor
f) The idea was hitting me on the train home as I the story of how it was invented
c) Find eight synonyms for ‘fail’. watched a women talk into her phone. 2 Share your information with the class and be
prepared to answer any questions they may have.
5 Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
a) I was getting on the phone to a designer friend g) We headed for the exit and then it had come to
and soon our USB device was built. me.
b) I tried to catch up on my new smartphone all h) We made cupcakes for the girls when I looked
morning so we were putting our heads together. round the kitchen and screamed.
c) I’d been tapping on my keyboard all day when I

was seeing my girlfriend’s photo.

Networking
Consolidation 1 Correct the conversation phrases below.
a) Excuse me, are you by Kaplan?
b) Pleased to meet you, to.
c) I’m look forward to doing lunch.
2 Complete the exam advice list with appropriate d) See, Jack I have to go.
OBJECTIVES verbs. e) I’ll good. And you?
Vocabulary a) yourself with the exam f) How’re the food?
applications for jobs and courses format. g) Perhaps I can give you a telephone?
exams
b) English prior to the h) Really? That interesting.
networking exam to prepare. i) Sounding good. What time?
job hunting and interviews
c) comfortably with no j) Have got my address right?
success and failure
tight clothes.
metaphor and literal meanings 2 Complete the following exchanges with phrases
word building: adjectives, nouns and adverbs d) each question carefully from Exercise 1.
before you answer it.
A:
e) reading without a B: That’s right, I am.
dictionary close by.
Exams f) through the text after A: Pleased to meet you.
reading the questions. B:
1 Unscramble the letters to make words connected
with exams. g) your ears to listen fully
the first time. A:
1 alpn B: Me too. Should be fun.
h) for main ideas and key
2 beermerm details.
A:
3 dear i) your essay before you B: OK, see you later.
4 deifytin write it.
A: How are you?
5 eveal j) in paragraphs with
topic and supporting sentences. B:
6 ilnets
k) time to review what
7 inart A:
you have written.
8 kame B: Not bad, maybe needs some pepper.
l) for the next set of
9 kcehc questions in gaps between listenings. A:
10 kesap m) your grammar and B: Sure. Here’s my number.
spelling after writing.
11 miks
n) features such as the A:
12 orangesi topic, style, purpose and audience in texts. B: Yeah, it is. I love it.
13 parcsite o) Don’t try to the precise A: What about lunch tomorrow?
14 peater meaning of every word or phrase.
B:
15 reapper p) to stick to the word
limit. A:
16 restanddun
q) and link your ideas B: Yes, I have. It’s …@gmail.com, right?
17 risefamilia with discourse markers.
18 serds r) eye contact with
19 uformrealte examiners in speaking exams.
20 wiret s) Don’t words
continually – use synonyms.
t) what you said if it’s
not clear.

Success and failure Metaphors
Consolidation 1 Correct the following idiomatic expressions. 1 Match the two halves to make common figures of
1 grow (somebody’s) socks off speech.
1 apple of a) a taste
2 hit a hole in two 2 breaks b) ahead
motivation
3 give you c) cotton wool
application
salary
3 heat a home run 4 hammer it d) down barriers
benefits 5 let your e) for
candidate solitude motivation 4 pair for the course

6 look at
7 road
f ) guard down
CV
g) home
challenge hobbies suitability

thoroughness
5 be ready to play bell
8 see eye
9 sets the bar
h) the bigger picture
i) the fence
experience HR leadership 6 the ball’s in (somebody’s) cart

10 sit on
11 standing up
j) to eye
k) too low
interpersonal 12 wrap somebody in l) your eye
reliable
accomplishments 7 throw in the vowel
internship
2 Complete the following sentences with
metaphors from Exercise 1.
interview 8 talk in (somebody’s) shoes
a) A nice smile and handshake usually
qualification .
résumé
9 win the hearts and winds
b) Forget the unimportant details.
!
2 Match the corrected idiomatic expressions with
c) He’s dangerous. Don’t
their meanings.
Job hunting and interviews 2 Complete the interview questions with words
a) (that person) must
for a second.
from the word cloud.
1 Match the definitions with words from the word decide d) I’m not sure. I’m going to have to
cloud. a) Are you ? Can we really here.
depend on you in a crisis? b) experience
a) company section / department somebody’s situation e) Let’s agree to not
responsible for hiring and welfare of staff b) Have you ever faced a difficult
and overcome c) gain complete support . We just think
difficulties to achieve success? differently.
b) person applying for position d) give up trying
c) How do you rate your general communication or f) The
e) / for this company is bright and profitable.
skills?
c) summary of experience, education and skills of have a major success
d) I see from your CV you’ve done an g) Try Brussels, it’ll
applicant f) impress somebody
. Care to elaborate on of Belgian culture.
d) how compatible the applicant is for the job
that? g) usual for this situation h) You love her. She is the
e) Is telling people what h) willing to do what .
e) submitted paperwork with form, CV and cover
to do or asking them to do things? someone wants
letter for job
f) On page four of your 3 Write an example sentence for each of the
f) free time activities you mention you are a natural leader. What idiomatic expressions in Exercise 2.
g) face-to-face meeting with applicant to determine exactly do you mean by that?
a)
his/her suitability g) Tell me about your .
You know, significant things you’ve achieved in b)
h) ability to carry out work completely and as
required your working life. c)
i) degree, diploma or certificate from official h) What is your prime for d)
education institution applying for this position?
e)
j) annual or monthly sum received as per work i) What kind of package
did your last job have? Medical insurance and f)
contract
things like that. g)
j) Why should we give you the job when you have h)
no relevant work ?
i)

Consolidation
Advanced
Word building
Happiness
1 Complete the text with the correct words.
OBJECTIVES
In this unit we will work on these objectives.
I wouldn’t say I’m an anxiety / anxious kind of guy. But I do worry. I’m aware / After you work on each one, tick the box.
awareness of that. So some eminence / eminent scientists might say I’m a little less Grammar
luck / lucky than some as a result. However, I am a determined / determination discourse markers to signpost writing
person when faced with a challenge. I show persistence / persist / persistent submodifying adverbs
whenever there is a problem or one of my colleagues is having trouble with some
gradable and non-gradable adjectives
task or other. I do it because of my love of the job, I guess. I’m not out to try and
verbs of emotion
impression / impress / impressive / impressed the boss or anything like that. For me,
discourse markers to structure and signpost
being success / succeed / successful is all about hard work and it’s funny because the
formal and informal communication
harder I work the more fortune / fortunate I get. Still, all work and no play will make
mixed conditionals in the past, present
you less effective at your job and just a little bit boring. So I use a range of relaxation / and future
relax / relaxed techniques to help me switch off when I get stress / stressed / stressful discourse markers to structure and signpost
and there is a deadline to meet. formal speech and writing
modals in the past
narrative tenses for experiences
2
Personal statements Complete the following sentences with
expressions from Exercise 1.
Vocabulary
collocations
1 Match the two halves to make expressions a) I wish to of the personality
commonly found in personal statements. different roles in the banking industry. feelings and emotions
1. active a. a team b) I consider myself to be the idiomatic expressions
2. centre of b. application to fill this position. word building: adjectives, nouns and verbs
3. consider my c. approach c) It is my goal to Listening
4. deepen my d. candidate through working with laboratory professionals identify topic changes
5. develop my e. candidate full-time. identify attitude of speakers
6. exceed the f. excellence d) I have been an of the identify and infer attitudes and opinion
7. grow g. expectations business club for two years. in extended speech
8. held the h. experience e) My includes a year Reading
9. highly i. member abroad in a marketing company as an intern. hypothesise another’s point of view
10. ideal j. motivated skim a text for the main ideas
f) I am to do this job as I
11. strong k. position of have a love of the subject area. relate texts to personal values
12. take on scan a text for relevant details
l. principles g) I have a to projects and
deduce meaning from context
13. team-oriented m. professionally reaching consensus in the group.
use lexis and context to identify attitude,
14. theory and n. skills h) Please as I am a strong mood and intention
15. work o. the role candidate for the role. identify register and style
16. working in p. understanding
Speaking
make generalisations
summarise a text
relate contribution to what other speakers
have said
present ideas clearly
respond to questions in a presentation
use suitable language to hold the floor
Writing
summarise and synthesise information
in a text
summarise writer’s opinions and ideas
use a range of grammatical and lexical devices
use a variety of vocabulary and grammatical
devices to involve the reader

1. All About You Vocabulary 4 Complete the word families for the following
words from Exercise 1. Sometimes there is more
1 Choose the odd one out in each of these groups than one form. Not all of the words have all
‘Glass half full?’ of words. Use a dictionary to help you.
a) contentment euphoria elation outrage
of the forms.
verb noun adjective
b) disillusioned dismayed inconsolable inaudible
bitter
b) Read the following quotations on happiness. c) tranquil agitated serene calm
disillusioned
OBJECTIVES What do you think they mean? Which do you d) resentment fury irritation jollity
agree with? Do the quotations tell you anything to resent resentful
Vocabulary e) upbeat carefree exuberant bitter
about the people who said them? contentment /
collocations 2 In pairs, discuss the words you chose and explain
word building (adjectives, nouns and verbs) Happiness is not any new vocabulary. euphoria
Reading something you 3 Put the words into the categories according to elation
hypothesise another’s point of view experience, it’s something their meaning. Write A for adjective and outrage
skim a text for the main ideas you remember. N for noun.
Oscar Levant dismayed
relate texts to personal values
Thousands of candles can Positive Negative
tranquil
Speaking be lit from a single candle, and to agitate agitated
talk about complex subjects fluently the life of the candle will not
serene
make generalisations be shortened. Happiness never
summarise a text decreases by being shared. to calm / calm
A large income Buddha fury

is the best recipe to irritate irritation
Speaking for happiness I ever jollity
heard of.
1 Discuss the following questions in small groups. exuberant
Jane Austen
a) Look at the word cloud. Which of these Happiness is different from 5 How do you say the words in Exercise 4?
concepts do you associate with happiness? pleasure. Happiness has Mark the stressed syllables and practise the
Which don’t you associate with happiness? Why? something to do with struggling pronunciation in pairs.
Why not? and enduring and accomplishing. 6 Complete the following sentences using words
Keep your face always George Sheehan from Exercise 3. Read each sentence and decide
toward the sunshine – what kind of word you need (verb / noun /
and shadows will fall adjective) and whether it is positive or negative
behind you. in meaning.
contemplation
Walt Whitman a) Everyone in the office was pleased when
achievement
Sophie was made assistant manager.
A wise man is content with his
marriage
Everyone, that is, except Tony, who felt deep

lot, whatever it may be, without
wishing for what he has not. at the fact that he had
pleasure Lucius Annaeus Seneca been passed over for promotion once again.
optimism
b) After Professor Laudrup won the Nobel
Prize for Physics, he decided to give up
his research interests. He said that what he
really enjoyed was teaching and that he was
solitude
to spend the rest of his
wealth
friendship
career as a lecturer.
c) The football fans were
endurance
ambition
by their team’s victory in the championship

game. Even the cold and rainy weather could not
dampen their high spirits.
d) ‘Was David upset about failing the health check
to become a pilot?’ ‘Yes. I tried to cheer him up
but he was . . Being
a pilot is all he’s ever wanted to do.’
e) Anya often practises meditation in
the evening. She enjoys the peace and
that it brings her after
a hectic day.
46 Advanced Unit B: Happiness Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 47

1. All About You
‘Glass half full?’
Developing Use logic to find the source of your unhappiness
Focusing your attention on the things that make you unhappy is a good starting
7 Reading
a Happier
Read the following sentences and cross out point. We often fool ourselves into believing that it is certain people, situations
the words that do not collocate with the words or events that make us unhappy when it is, in fact, our beliefs about those
in old. 1 You are going to read two articles on happiness. things that actually cause the unhappiness. For example, if you are becoming
Before you read, look at the titles below and write
Mindset
a) Thomas (was / grew / set / made / became / irritated by someone next to you on the train talking on a mobile phone, you
down what you think the articles will mention. might reach the conclusion that the person on the phone is the source of your
found) increasingly disillusioned. The Power of Positive Thinking irritation. But by considering your own negative emotions more carefully, you
b) Caroline felt (deeply / perfectly / secretly / can come to realise that your fellow commuter only seems annoying because
vaguely / warmly) resentful towards her boss. of your belief that people should not use phones on the train. By adjusting your
own beliefs, you can remove the real source of your unhappiness.
c) Sitting in front of the fire, the cat seemed Plan for the worst
(perfectly / urgently / evenly / deeply) content. Developing a Happier Mindset When it comes to thinking about the future, it is a good idea to imagine worst-
d) There was no (trace / volume / unit / hint) of The key to happiness case scenarios. Rather than pushing anxieties to the back of your mind, you
is to develop a sense of inner should welcome them. Thinking about what might go wrong has two main
bitterness in her voice.
calm. One way to achieve this is advantages. Firstly, it counteracts the natural human tendency to take the good
e) Adam was (bitterly / exactly / poorly / sorely / to think deeply about negative things in life for granted. After we find a new source of happiness, whether it
terribly) disappointed. emotions and situations. Instead is something as important as a relationship or as trivial as a tablet computer,
of trying to avoid things like we often start to regard it as a normal part of life and draw less pleasure from
Power
unhappiness, anxiety and it. Worrying about losing things can actually help you to value them more.
failure, you should Secondly, thinking about worst-case scenarios will help make your anxieties
The embrace them. easier to deal with. You’ll probably realise that your worst fears are actually
of Positive Thinking unfounded.
Learn to cope with failure
Positive thinking is the key to success and happiness. Our brains respond to negative
Changing your attitude towards failure can be another way to improve your
thoughts by creating stress and sadness. Positive thoughts, on the other hand, result
level of happiness. Many people hold the assumption that talent or ability
in relaxation and a sense of well-being. By following the advice below, you’ll learn how
is something that you are born with. When these people face a challenge in
to minimise the negativity in your life. That will enable you to focus on your goals and
life, they tend to regard it as test of their natural abilities and failure can be
reach your true potential!
very harmful to their self-esteem. Others, though, see talent as something that
Replace negative thoughts with positive ones develops as a result of hard work. They take failure in their stride because
Make a list of the people, places and things that make you happy. The list could they see it as evidence that they are working hard to improve themselves. This
include anything you like; a childhood memory, the smell of a flower or swimming in attitude is much healthier as it allows us to benefit from both our successes
a warm lake. Take your time and concentrate on each item. For a week, monitor your and our failures. So the next time you do badly in an exam, or you get turned
thoughts carefully. Whenever you find yourself thinking about something negative down for a date, remind yourself that the experience will probably help you to
or unhappy, bring to mind one of the items from your list. After a few days, you’ll find succeed next time.
that you’ll have fewer negative thoughts.
Make use of positive visualisation
Thinking about the things that you want can make them more likely to happen. For A
example, if you want a holiday on a tropical island, take a few moments to relax and 2 Work in pairs and each read one of the articles,
making notes on the main points of the article Josephine graduated from university last year with
picture yourself actually on a beach on that island. Also, go through in your mind all
of the things you’ll need to do to achieve your goal; asking for time off work, booking you read. a first-class honours degree in English literature. She
tickets and getting on the plane. You can use this same technique for any of your has a job interview next Friday for a position as a
goals; getting a promotion at work, improving your golf or finding the perfect partner. trainee journalist at a national newspaper. Whenever
Visualising the things that you want will keep you focused and she thinks about the interview, she gets nervous
enable you to create your own future. and becomes more convinced that she will not get
Tips for success the job.
It’s normal to have unhappy and negative thoughts throughout the day, so
don’t be too hard on yourself or become concerned about how many you have.
B
Smile as you bring a happy thought to the fore, this action helps to counteract the Lawrence has been offered a university place at
effects of negative thoughts. 3 Summarise the article you read for your partner.
Newtown University, which is where his girlfriend
Be sure to remind yourself to do this task throughout the day. Don’t let a day go by 4 Discuss the following questions in pairs. Helen is planning to study. He could also go to
without engaging with your negative thoughts and substituting positive ones. Rushfield University, which has a much better
a) What are the differences between the types of
You will probably find that the number of negative thoughts and feelings that you reputation, but is in a different city. Lawrence is
advice in the two articles?
have decreases after a couple of days. As you replace negative thoughts with positive worried that he and his girlfriend will drift apart if he
ones so quickly, this seems to trick the brain into giving up on being negative. b) How useful is the advice in the articles?
accepts the place at Rushfield.
c) Do any of the quotations in Speaking Exercise
1 support or contradict the advice in the
C
articles?
Carlton has just been offered a place on the junior
5 Look at these three scenarios and discuss how coaching programme of a Premier League football
the advice in the articles could help the people
club. Carlton’s family are delighted. His father said
decide what to do?
that it showed he was right about Carlton having a
natural gift for football. Carlton is very excited too,
but he has a nagging doubt about whether he will
ever be good enough to get on the team.

2. About Your World
easu ring the Planet’s
‘Measuring happiness.’ M
Happiness
OBJECTIVES
Reading
deduce meaning from context
Speaking
Writing As we do our best to acquire the latest goods that contentedness. Policy makers around the world agree
sometimes seem essential to modern life, such as that development should be sustainable, which means
summarise and synthesise information in a text
computers, smartphones and fashionable clothes, many that improvements in a country’s well-being should not
summarise writer’s opinions and ideas of us ask the same question. Can money really buy us come at the expense of damage to the environment
happiness? In the 1970s, an economist named Richard that would affect the lives of future generations. In other
Easterlin investigated this very question. He compared words, our happiness should not cost the earth.
measures of income with the results of surveys that Bearing these concerns in mind, the NEF has come up
asked people how happy they were, and what he found with a straightforward approach for measuring progress
was quite surprising. People did indeed become happier in different countries. The HPI is calculated using three
as they got richer. However, this correlation between types of data: results of a simple survey on people’s
wealth and happiness only continued up to a certain satisfaction with life, life expectancy figures and a
point. After that, the relationship broke down. People measure of a country’s environmental impact called the
were becoming more prosperous, but that was having no Ecological Footprint. The life-satisfaction survey makes
effect on how satisfied they were with life. This became use of something called the ‘ladder of life’ question.
known as the Easterlin Paradox. The paradox creates a Respondents are asked to imagine a ladder where 0
problem for national policy makers who want to increase represents the worst possible life and 10 represents
their citizen’s living standards sustainably into the future. the best possible life. They then state their current and
Pre-reading Traditionally, measures of income, such as Gross expected future positions on the ladder. The same survey
1 You are going to read an article about an e) How is the idea of sustainability included in the Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, have been used to is conducted using face-to-face and telephone interviews
alternative measure for evaluating progress and HPI? measure the progress of a country. However, if greater with approximately 1,000 people in 155 different
development in nations around the world. Before wealth does not necessarily bring the things that people countries. This data is then combined with national life-
you read, discuss the following questions in pairs. want, political leaders need a new way of assessing their expectancy figures, which are an objective and widely
a) Does having more money make people country’s progress. Now, an organisation called the New used measure of health. Finally, the HPI also makes use
f) Why is it wrong to think of the HPI as a way of
happy? Economics Foundation (NEF) claims that it has created of the Ecological Footprint, which is a measure of a
comparing how happy people are in different
just such a method, the Happy Planet Index (HPI). country’s environmental efficiency and shows how much
b) Do you think happiness can be measured? countries?
Currently, the most widely used method for measuring land is needed to maintain a country’s consumption.
c) Is economic development always beneficial? the success of an economy is GDP. A country’s GDP is The HPI allows us to rank different countries according
the total value of all the goods and services that the to how efficient they are at making their citizens happy.
country produces. As such, it is a good indicator of It shows us how many long and happy lives countries
Reading economic growth. As GDP is used worldwide, economists produce per unit of environmental input. When the first
1 Read the article about the Happy Planet Index and policy makers can make international comparisons. NEF report was published in 2006, many people were
(HPI) and answer the following questions. Vocabulary However, GDP is quite simply a measure of economic astounded to learn that a country called Vanuatu had
1 Look back at the article and highlight the output. It shows us how wealthy a country is, but it doesn’t come top. Vanuatu is a tiny island state in the South
a) What did Richard Easterlin find out about the
following words. Using the context to help you, provide any information about other things that people Pacific Ocean whose economy is based on agriculture
relationship between wealth and happiness?
write a definition for each one. care about, such as how healthy they are, whether their and tourism. In terms of GDP, Vanuatu ranks 207 out of
children can get a good education or whether their 230 countries. In addition, the world’s richest countries
paradox environment is clean. For example, a country with a fast- performed very poorly in the HPI rankings. In 2006,
b) According to the article, what is one advantage correlation growing GDP might have new factories opening every Germany ranked 81st, Japan was 95th, and the United
of using GDP to measure the success of an subjective day and new jobs being created. Yet people’s lives there States came in at 150th. The bottom 10 places in the
economy? objective could be becoming ever more miserable as a result of ranking were dominated by African and Eastern European
poor health care, deforestation, and corruption. Moreover, countries, while most of the top ten places were taken by
sustainable
GDP does not tell us anything about wealth distribution Latin American countries.
efficiency within a country; certain sections in society can become Some of the surprise that greeted the report may
c) Why have economists been trying to find 2 In pairs, complete the following tasks. more impoverished even as the economy grows and have been a result of a misunderstanding that the NEF
alternative ways to measure a country’s progress? inequalities of this kind are not reflected in GDP figures. rankings tables are simply comparisons of how happy
a) Compare your definitions in Exercise 1.
For these reasons, economists have long been interested people are in different countries, which is clearly not the
b) Explain these concepts. in finding alternative ways of measuring a country’s case. Rather, the figures remind us of the importance
the Easterlin Paradox progress. One approach is to conduct surveys to evaluate of balancing the desire for greater wealth with the
d) Why is it difficult to compare the results of life
why happiness is subjective how satisfied, or not, people are with their lives. However, need to protect the environment and to maintain family
satisfaction surveys?
as happiness is such a subjective concept, it can be relationships. It has been suggested that the HPI replace
why life-expectancy data is objective difficult to make comparisons with data from this type GDP as the global index of choice. Perhaps doing so
why some types of development are sustainable of survey as what makes people happy varies between would encourage states to look more closely at ways to
and others are not cultures and individuals. Furthermore, these surveys can make their citizens as happy and healthy as the people
why the HPI is an efficiency measure. only provide a snapshot of people’s current levels of of Vanuatu.

2. About Your World A
‘Measuring happiness.’ The problem with the HPI has more to do with what it
doesn’t measure as with what it does measure. In any
given country, minorities could be being repressed by
Language focus the government, and human rights or labour rights
1 The article you read discusses people’s reaction might be non-existent, but this index wouldn’t tell us
to the HPI. At the end of the article, the writer anything about it.
also provides an opinion on the HPI. In order to
write this type of conclusion, you need to be able
to summarise and synthesise information from a
range of sources. Look at the diagram below and
discuss the difference between summarising and
synthesising information.
B
The HPI is a step towards shifting the focus away from
not just creating
economic measures of success, which have had such
wealth, as increases
in income haven’t a great influence over most countries’ development
Replacing GDP resulted in greater budgets up until now. It will encourage governments
with HPI Governments happiness to prioritize strategies for development that have a
Perhaps doing so would encourage states to look more closely at ways positive impact on their citizens’ lives rather than just
to make their citizens as happy and healthy as the people of Vanuatu. thinking about how best to boost economic growth.
Look at Vanuatu for

possible ways to
improve happiness
2 Read the following three opinions on the HPI C

and write a one-sentence summary for each one. This is just a new name for an old idea. There are several
other indexes that claim to measure people’s well-
being. This one adds a new twist by including data on
health and the environment, but, however it’s dressed
up, it still relies on rather dubious happiness surveys.
Only a very small proportion of the population take 3 Think about your own opinion of the HPI and Speaking
part in these surveys, and the respondents’ answers write a one-sentence summary of your opinion.
probably depend a lot on how they happen to be 1 In 2012, the New Economics Foundation (NEF)
feeling that particular day. Ask them on another day, published another report using the HPI. Rank
the following countries according to their HPI
and the results could be completely different.
scores with the highest ranking at the top of the
4 Write a short concluding paragraph on the HPI list,
using all of the ideas in Exercises 2 and 3.
Algeria Colombia Costa Rica Egypt
Japan Mali New Zealand Nigeria
Norway Thailand Turkey UK
USA Vietnam
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
2 In small groups, discuss your answers explaining
your choices. Try to agree on an order which
everyone is happy with.
3 Did the answers surprise you? Why? / Why not?

3. Real World (Listening)
Dennis Harmer
‘Improving happiness.’ Dennis Harmer has been a Member of Parliament for
over 20 years. When he served in the Department
of Health and Social Services in the previous
government, he was widely criticised for discontinuing
public-health advertising campaigns. He argued that
OBJECTIVES such campaigns were often not cost-effective and
Grammar
that government should take more radical and direct
discourse markers to signpost writing
measures to try to solve society’s problems. Recently,
Listening Harmer has attacked the present government’s
identify topic changes record on improving the quality of life. He said that
identify attitude of speakers more investment by central government on things
Speaking like crime, health and care of the elderly could make
contribute to informal discussions everybody’s lives happier.
Melanie Jordan
Speaking Melanie Jordan works as a columnist for The New
1 Discuss these ideas in small groups. Pre-listening Nation, and is a best-selling author. She is also the
1 You are going to listen to a discussion president of Balance, a voluntary organisation that
The best way for governments to try to make
people happier is to make them richer. about the role of government in promotes the benefits of healthier lifestyles to young
improving the happiness of its people. In Jordan’s latest book, she argues that the
Happiness is solely the responsibility of the citizens. Before you listen, complete
individual. government should have a long-term strategic plan
the following tasks.
The state should provide the basic for tackling a range of issues that affect people’s
requirements for happiness. a) Read the profiles of the two happiness. However, she also stresses the role that
speakers in the debate and note down families and non-governmental organisations can play
Government has no right to intervene in the the issues you think the speakers will
happiness, or otherwise, of its citizens. in solving social problems.
want to raise.
A happy society is a productive society.
Melanie Jordan
Dennis Harmer
b) Look at the following statements

and decide if you think the speakers
would agree or disagree with them.
Statement Melanie Jordan Dennis Harmer
Happiness is a priority for most
people.
Government action to improve

people’s happiness can reduce
costs to society.
The government should focus on

the prevention rather than the
treatment of chronic conditions
like depression.
Care of the elderly should be the
responsibility of families rather
than the state.
The government needs to take

action to tackle drug and alcohol
abuse.

3. Real World (Listening)
‘Improving happiness.’
Listening
1 Listen to the radio discussion and check your
answers in Pre-listening Exercise 1b.
2 The opinions listed below are given by the two
speakers during the discussion, but they are
listed in the wrong order. Listen again and put
them in the correct order (1–8). Identify the
speaker who made each point. Write MJ for
Melanie Jordan or DH for Dennis Harmer.
Opinion Order (1–8) Speaker (MJ or DH)
Family members have a responsibility to look after elderly

relatives, and doing so can be a satisfying experience.
Opinion polls indicate that being happy is more important

to people than power, fame or money.
Education campaigns designed to promote healthier

lifestyles are ineffective in the short term.
Research from around the world shows that people

prioritise happiness.
The government should focus on the causes of chronic

conditions like depression.
According to research, people regard health as the key

factor determining well-being.
The best way to tackle the problem of drug abuse is
through law enforcement. It might be necessary to use the
military to tackle drug gangs.
Happier people are healthier, so they require less
2 Look at these expressions and decide whether 3 Which of the discourse markers below can you
medical care. they show agreement (A) or disagreement (D). use to move between topics in a discussion?
I’d go along with that. To start with ...
Language focus That’s a good point.
And another thing ...
Let’s get back to …
1 Complete the expressions from the discussion. I beg to differ.
What do you think they mean? Let’s move on to …
That’s not always the case. Talking of ...
a) I couldn’t agree (much / more / little).
Absolutely! Just a small point ...
b) We’re very much on the same (site /
I’d say the exact opposite. That reminds me of ...
page / novel).
No doubt about it. Oh, before I forget ...
c) Well, I agree with you in (half / pieces / part).
I’m not so sure about that. 4 Would you follow these discourse markers with
noun phrases or verb phrases?
I’d have to side with John on this one.
5 What function do the other discourse
markers have?
Using the language
6 In small groups, use the topics you identified in
1 Read the audioscript on page 90 and underline Exercise 2 as the basis for a debate. Give your
the topics that the speakers discuss. These may opinion on each topic and agree or disagree with
be expressed as questions or statements. other people’s ideas. Use examples from your
2 Rephrase the topics in your own words. own experience to back up your points.

4. Real World (Reading) 4 Draw a line to on the graph to represent your idea of the correlation between age and happiness.
‘The best years of our lives.’

5.6
5.5
Average life satisfaction score

Speaking 5.4
1 In pairs, decide whether the following adjectives

5.3
are positive or negative and discuss what they
mean. Write an example sentence for each one.
5.2
a) at ease
5.1
b) carefree
5.0
c) contented
4.9
15–20 21–30 31–40 41–50 51–60 61–70
d) dissatisfied Age group
Pre-reading
e) frustrated 1 You are going to read an article about age and happiness. Before you read, match the words and phrases
to their definitions.
f) gloomy Word or phrase Definition
1 angst a) long life or existence
g) grumpy 2 to brush off b) to draw out a reaction or information from someone
3 cohort c) dealing with the body’s nerves or nervous system
h) ill at ease 4 disposition d) a strong feeling of worry about the future
5 to elicit e) likely to be affected by something
i) irritable 6 frontal lobe f ) a group of people with a common characteristic
7 to go downhill g) a low point, the worst time in a situation
j) jolly 8 longevity h) to get worse
9 nadir i) the way that someone normally thinks or behaves
k) miserable 10 neurological j) the part of the brain behind the forehead

11 prone to (something) k) to cause someone problems, or make someone worried
l) morose 12 to weigh down l) to refuse to listen to someone
2 Complete the sentences using the words and phrases in Exercise 1.

m) satisfied a) Per head of population, there are more people over the age of 100 in Okinawa, Japan, than anywhere else in
the world. Many people would like to know the secret of their .
OBJECTIVES n) surly b) The film critic said that people of a nervous should avoid Night Raiders II because
Vocabulary it is likely to upset them.
personality o) upbeat c) Many of Kevin’s friends said that he should become a professional singer. However, he __________________
Reading their suggestions, saying that he was perfectly happy as an amateur.
2 Describe the people in the pictures using d) The TV interviewer is very good at making his guests feel relaxed, and his intelligent questions always
Speaking adjectives in Exercise 1. interesting responses from them.
3 Do the pictures accurately reflect how happy e) For a week before his first date with Amanda, Robert felt extremely worried and nervous. However, the
most people are at different stages of their lives? that he had been experiencing soon disappeared when he started talking to her at
present ideas clearly
respond to questions in a presentation
the restaurant.
f) The city’s economy reached its in 1991, when unemployment was higher than 5%
and it seemed that a factory was closing every day. It took many years for the area to recover.
g) The part of the coast that Katy lives on is strong winds. Katy and her neighbours
have to strengthen the roofs of their houses to make sure the tiles don’t blow off during storms.
h) Simon was initially pleased when he was made a manager, but soon he started to feel
by his new responsibilities. He missed the freedom that he had in his old job.
i) After Donald reached the age of 40, his health started to . He put on a lot of weight
and had constant problems with back pain.

The best years of our lives
4. Real World (Reading)
‘The best years of our lives.’
Reading
‘H
2 Are the following statements true (T) or false (F) ow incessant and great are the ills with which a suffer from a type of mid-life crisis. The surveys were, of
according to the article? prolonged old age is replete,’ wrote the British author course, filled out by the people looking after or observing
1 Read the article and complete the following
a) Parents of young children typically have high C.S. Lewis. This rather gloomy outlook on the ageing the apes rather than the animals themselves. Humans
tasks.
levels of emotional well-being. process fits well with a commonly held view of how happy share a common biological ancestor with great apes, so
a) Rewrite the quotation in the first sentence in b) The happiness studies were conducted over a we can expect to be throughout our lives. After enjoying a this research suggests that there could be a neurological
your own words. long period of time, so the results are more likely laughter-filled and carefree childhood, we battle with the basis to the changes in how happy we are through our
uncertainties and angst of adolescence. Then we become lives.
to have been influenced by cohort effects.
b) Draw a graph that shows the stereotypical

c) The study reported by Professor Andrew Oswald
lends weight to the idea that socio-economic
more contented in our twenties and thirties as we start our
working lives and settle down with a family. After that, it is
all downhill. We become grumpier with every passing year
W e know that people with a cheerful disposition tend
to lead healthier lives. A pessimistic outlook, on the
other hand, leads to stress, and stress can shorten our
factors are not the main cause of variations in and only have the solitude of old age to look forward to. lives. Therefore, the pattern that we can observe of people
view of how happiness levels change through a
T
person’s lifetime, as described in paragraph 1. happiness over people’s lives. he problem with this view is that it is almost completely becoming more upbeat as they get older might simply be
5.6 d) The fact that pessimistic people tend to die wrong. Over recent years, researchers around the world a result of the longevity of optimistic people. However, this
younger might have had an effect on the results have gathered a wealth of data on people’s satisfaction does not account for the changes in happiness levels that
5.5 of the surveys. with life. After collating this data, a quite different pattern take place earlier on in life.
e) When the frontal lobes of the brain are
emerges. It turns out that happiness is U-shaped.
T ali Sharot, a neuroscientist at University College,
5.4
Happiness levels are high in our youth, and they drop off London, thinks that the differences in levels of
functioning at their full capacity, we are more
in our twenties. The nadir comes in our mid-forties, after contentment between generations can be better explained
likely to be optimistic. which things start to look up again. What, then, is behind by changes in the structure of our brains. In particular, she
5.3
f) Middle-aged people probably respond better to these findings? points to the changes that occur in the frontal lobe. This
H
negative health and safety advertising campaigns appiness surveys can be categorised into two basic part of the brain continues to develop as we reach our mid-
5.2
than old or young people do. types. In the first, people are asked general questions twenties, and it only begins to go into decline after the age
such as, ‘How do you think your life is going overall?’ In the of about 45. This means that the frontal lobe is functioning
5.1 3 In small groups, discuss the following questions.
second type, they might be quizzed about a more specific at its best when we are in our twenties and thirties.
5.0
a) How accurate or reliable do you think
happiness surveys are?
time. ‘How were you feeling yesterday?’ ‘Were you cheerful,
anxious or stressed out?’ The former measures global well-
being and the latter emotional well-being, and they can
O ne function that is influenced by the frontal lobe,
according to Sharot, is our ability to internalise bad
news. She noted that people often pay little attention to
4.9 b) Do you think happiness is more likely to be
15–20 21–30 31–40 41–50 51–60 61–70 elicit quite different responses. For example, people with information that they find undesirable (such as hearing that
Age group
determined by external factors (socio-economic,
young children are likely to report great satisfaction with chocolate is bad for your teeth), but that they are better
lifestyle) or internal factors (neurological,
their lives and at the same time complain about high levels at absorbing more positive news (chocolate is good for a
c) Draw a graph that shows how people’s psychological)?
happiness levels actually change through a of stress. Surprisingly, though, the U-shaped trend appears tickly cough). In brain-imaging studies, it was found that
in data from both of these types of survey. the ability to take on bad news is related to the functioning
lifetime according to research, as described in
Using the language
5.6
paragraph 2.
1 The final part of the article describes how people O ne possible explanation is that the figures are the result
of generational factors. The studies do not follow the
same people throughout their lives, so the pattern could
of the frontal lobe. At the times of our lives when our frontal
lobes are not functioning at their full capacity, we are more
likely to discount bad news.
often ignore bad news but respond better to
5.5
positive messages. You are going to plan a public
health and safety advertising campaign aimed
be a result of what is called ‘cohort factors’. For instance,
it might be that people in their sixties are happier than
those in their twenties because they have experienced
O f course, not paying attention to certain types of
information can be dangerous for people of any age.
We brush off warnings about driving too fast or drinking too
at a specific age group (teenagers, middle-aged
5.4 better economic times than their younger counterparts. much at our peril. And yet, the ability to discount bad news
people, the elderly) that takes the information
in the article into account. Work in small groups However, happiness surveys have been conducted for over can have its advantages. In particular, it gives us a more
5.3
and choose one of the topics below, or come up 40 years in numerous countries, in both the developed and rosy view of life and makes us less prone to depression.
with one of your own. developing worlds, and the same pattern emerges. Another This tendency to discount bad news seems to be stronger
5.2 possibility is that the responsibilities of work or of having among children, teenagers and older people than it is
advice for travelling overseas children tend to weigh people down in middle age. But among the middle-aged.
5.1 diet and exercise even after controlling for employment, marital status and
the presence of children, the U-shaped pattern persists. O ne implication is that perhaps governments should
reconsider public health and safety campaigns,
I
5.0
road safety f the changes in our levels of happiness over our lifetimes especially if they are aimed at young or old people. Instead
smoking cannot be explained by socio-economic causes or other of trying to drum home the message that smoking kills or
4.9 external factors, then perhaps the key is something internal. that fatty food is bad for the heart, perhaps governments
15 – 20 21 – 30 31 – 40 41–50 51 – 60 61 – 70 2 Work together to plan your advertising A recent study reported by Professor Andrew Oswald of should give their advertisements a more positive slant.
Age group
campaign. Think about the following aspects: the University of Warwick suggests that great apes also That way perhaps people of all ages would respond well
enjoy their lives more in youth and old age, and that they to them.
the target group
the media you are going to use
the central message
a slogan
images (you can describe these)
3 Present your ideas to the class and be prepared
to answer any questions they may have.

‘Can you convince me?’
OBJECTIVES
Vocabulary
feelings and emotions
Grammar
submodifying adverbs
Listening
identify and infer attitudes and opinion in extended
speech
Speaking Language focus

1 In pairs, look at the following situations and 1 Read the following sentences and answer these
discuss the questions below. questions about the words in bold.
a) Your friend says something really stupid in front a) Are all of the words the same part of speech?
of other people. You want to laugh but you know
it will make your friend feel terrible. b) Look at the words that are the same part of
speech. What do you notice about their position?
b) You’re on the phone to your parents and
watching a funny film at the same time. Your c) Can you swap the words from one position to
parents are asking you about your studies but another? Why?/ Why not?
you’re distracted by the film and want to laugh.
I was utterly delighted when she started laughing.
c) You are in a meeting and your boss asks you for
something you haven’t completed yet. You know Amazingly, she knew what I was talking about and
you’ll get into trouble if you let him know it’s not ‘got’ the joke!
done. Some people thought it was rather ambitious for
What would you do? me to tell a joke in my first presentation.
What would your voice sound like? My feedback for my first draft had been pretty poor
so understandably, I was terribly nervous before
What would you look like? I started. Thankfully, people found it very funny.
2 Group the following words into suitable

categories.
absolutely awesome clearly completely

convinced difficult displeased ecstatic
even excited extremely fantastic
incredibly naturally not exactly sadly
quite superior sure terrified
totally tremendous tragic unbelievably
phenomenal upset unfortunately upset
wonderful not surprisingly

5. Real World (Speaking) 10 Choose one of the rewritten scripts and try 2 Try reading your rewritten script using
‘Can you convince me?’ reading it using appropriate intonation, speed,
volume and stress.
appropriate intonation, speed, volume and stress
so that you sound happy.
11 Listen to the emotive language versions of the 3 Listen to the emotive language version of the
3 Read language file 3 on page 100 and do the 2 Listen to the person talking. What do you notice six short extracts and compare your ideas to the extract and compare your ideas to the example.
exercises. about the delivery? examples.
4 Choose the best word to complete these 3 Listen to six short extracts from conversations. Speaking
sentences. Write down the emotion each speaker is trying to Preparation 1 Work in small groups and discuss your feelings
a) Naturally / Incredibly, I told her she should have convey.
come to me if she wanted something utterly 1 In pairs, look at these key features of conveying about the following topics.
a)
fabulous / superior. emotion in spoken language and discuss how you immigration to your country
b) would use them to sound happy.
b) There are times when, sadly / totally, I don’t care the range of English accents you have to listen to
whether I have a social life or not. c) word choice the way people dress in this country
c) Some people aren’t exactly displeased / excited d) emphatic stress classical music
when they first walk in but, after a while, they get e) pitch and intonation old age
used to it. non-verbal features
f) 2 Choose one of the topics you discussed and
d) The show was absolutely / extremely
4 write a short conversation between three people.
phenomenal; we were completely ecstatic /
convinced by the performances.
In pairs, discuss your answers in Exercise 3.
Task Choose three emotions and have each speaker
5 Listen again and decide if each speaker has convey that emotion through their word choice,
e) Unbelievably / Clearly, she wanted to ask me out! 1 Look at the audioscript for Listening Exercise 2
generally a high, low or mid pitch? intonation and stress.
It was quite unexpected. on page 92 and complete the following tasks.
a)
a) Add in intensifying, gradable and attitude 3 Perform your conversation for another group.
5 Rewrite these sentences using the words in Can they identify the correct emotions?
b) adverbs.
brackets. Use additional adverbs and adjectives
where appropriate. c) b) Mark the places where you expect the speaker to
pause.
a) The best day of my life was my wedding day. We d)
had a very good time and I was happy from start c) Mark the place where you expect a drop in pitch.
e)
to finish. (absolutely, ecstatic, naturally) d) Mark the words you expect to be emphasised.
f)
6 What do you notice about how the speakers use
the following features?
speed
b) Although we felt the food was very tasty, we
were shocked when they charged us 20% for rhythm
the service which had been very bad. (appalling, volume
magnificent, unbelievably) length of syllables
non-verbal features
7 Listen to the extracts again and note down any
emotive language each speaker uses.
c) The young woman was sad when she left
the cinema. She said the film was scary and
upsetting. (terribly, terrifying)
8 Compare your answers with the audioscript on

page 92.
9 Using the language in Speaking Exercise 2,
d) Nobody could deny that the effects were rewrite the scripts so they are more emotive.
impressive but the performances didn’t excite us.
(not exactly, undeniably)
Listening
1 You are going to listen to someone talking about
the day they graduated from university. How
do you think the speaker will sound? Which
emotions do you expect the speaker to convey?

6. Finding Out (Reading) 5 Listen to two different descriptions of Daphne
(A and B) and match them to the words
in the box.
‘Burning questions.’ insecure self-deprecating observer outsider
popular self-promoter unaware
A
Reading
OBJECTIVES B
Vocabulary 1 Read the questions from a magazine interview
with Daphne Ford. Do the questions tell you 6 Which description do you think best fits Daphne
feelings and emotions Ford? Why?
anything about who she is?
collocations
2 Work with a partner. Match the questions (1–24)
Grammar
to an answer (A–X).
verbs of emotion
3 Do you think Daphne is happy?
Reading
use lexis and context to identify attitude, mood and 4 What can you tell about Daphne Ford from
intention reading ‘between the lines’?
identify register and style
Writing
use a range of grammatical and lexical devices
A The hopelessness that comes with severe depression.
Speaking Answer me this! B Apart from an attack of cockroaches … ignorance ruling the
world.
C Travel. I don’t compromise on comfort or on scope. Last year I
1 What do you think a burning question
is?
This week, actor and planned a two-day trip to Guadalajara. I stayed for a month.
comedian Daphne Ford D The first edition of ‘What Katie Did’ that was once my mother’s.
2 Look at the following topics. Do you answers our questions. I’ll always cherish and adore it.
have any burning questions that you’d E Penelope Banks who made me cry in front of the whole school
like to ask about them? when I was nine. And Pol Pot.
1 What is your current state of mind? 15 What is the most overrated virtue?
your favourite TV programme F Without a doubt, my three-year-old daughter Rosalie. I find
something new to admire about her every day.
a political scandal 2 How would you describe absolute happiness? 16 Which person, alive or dead, do you most G Insecurity. And my eyebrows.
English despise? H How can I identify with a historical figure? I am only an actor/
the characters in your favourite book 3 What do you fear above all else? writer/comedian … OK, Charlie Chaplin.
17 What is your most marked characteristic? I While generally a forgiving soul anyway, I have a soft spot for
3 If you could interview the person you
extravagance or greed. It’s one thing that you just can’t do in
most admire in the world, what three 4 With which person in history do you most
questions would you ask? moderation.
identify? 18 Which vice do you tolerate?
J I have a certain fondness for solitude, but, ultimately, absolute
happiness is the absence of worry for my child and loved ones.
5 Which living person do you most admire? 19 If you could be gifted with a natural talent, K The inevitable patience it requires to be a friend of mine!
what would it be? L My inability to take things seriously. My sister says it’s the
6 What is your most deplorable trait? reason why I still don’t own a house and didn’t have a
20 Where would you like to live? boyfriend until I was 27!
M Patience.
7 What trait do you most deplore in others? N When journalists or PR people ask me for a good reason for
21 To whom, or what, do you attribute your people to come and see my shows.
virtuous qualities? O In a state of contentedness or a contented state.
8 What is your greatest extravagance?
P My sister, Judi Dench or Cleopatra.
22 To whom, or what, do you attribute your Q To my genetic inheritance … and the kindness of my sister who
9 Under which circumstances do you lie?
faults? brought me up.
R With all my wits about me.
10 Who would you have liked to be? S I’d say it’s generally sunny with a hint of cynicism … and
23 How would you like to die?
maybe a spot of exhaustion!
11 Which possession do you most treasure? T Bigotry. Blind intolerance.
24 What is your motto? U People not laughing at my jokes.
V To my sister. Definitely. Her love, tolerance and all-round
12 What is the lowest depth of misery?
Daphne Ford is an award-winning virtuousness have made me the detestable person I am today.
comedian and is a widely respected writer W Remember you are unique … just like everyone else.
13 What do you most dislike? for television and screen. Tickets for her X A singing voice that could charm a nightingale.
one woman show ‘Say it a little louder’ go
14 What do you most value in your friends? on sale on March 13th.
www.daphneford.com

6. Finding Out (Reading)
‘Burning questions.’
Language focus 4 Look at these words from Daphne’s answers and

group them into two categories.
1 Which of the features of formal English describes
the style of the questions in the magazine
interview?
full forms
bigotry contentedness
noun phrases
passive constructions cynicism exhaustion extravagance fondness
complex sentences forgiving ignorance insecurity intolerance
standard punctuation solitude unique virtuousness
indirect questions
less common words
emphatic collocations
2 Now look at Daphne’s answers and write down
the features of her responses.
3 Read two more questions that were not included

in the interview. Which of the responses (1–4) do
you think best match Daphne’s style? Why?
Answer me this!
A At what point in time and in what location
5 Highlight all the verbs in the questions and
were you happiest? answers that relate to emotions.
1 I was at my most content at the start of this decade
6 Put the verbs in order to show degrees of
when taking my first steps into motherhood at the emotion.
beach near my house.
2 Probably a few years back, down the beach with my
sister and new baby daughter.
3 When starting my own family at the place that holds
my happiest childhood memories – the beach near my
house. 7 Match the verbs with these nouns to make
collocations.
4 I’d say a few years ago … With my newborn daughter
a person
and my sister on the beach.
a concept
B What is the achievement of which you are a possession
most proud?
a memory
1 Surviving secondary school! And ‘Disaster’. a quality
2 I am incredibly proud of my first show and on a less a characteristic
professional note of my ability to survive secondary
school.
Using the language
3 Getting through secondary school was pretty good and
1 Write your answers to the questionnaire. Think
my first show was definitely an ego boost.
about your register and style and what this might
4 Being a success story despite the terrible time I had at tell the reader about you.
secondary school. Oh, and I’m pretty proud of ‘Disaster’.
2 Work with a partner. Read their answers to the
questionnaire. What do their answers tell you
about their personality and state of mind? Are
they happy?
3 Using the answer from the questionnaire write a
short profile of your partner similar to one you
listened to in Reading Exercise 5.

7. Finding Out (Listening) Language focus
‘Coached towards happiness.’

1 We use discourse markers to give context to what we are saying or
writing. They can help us to link to our earlier or later ideas or to
other people’s ideas. Sometimes they help us express our attitude.
Put the following discourse markers into the appropriate relevant
categories.
OBJECTIVES I very
Grammar much believe My point was
discourse markers to structure and signpost formal Although I With all due
more related
that …
and informal communication understand you respect, I have
to …
mixed conditionals in the past, present and future may disagree with to …
Please, don’t
Listening my opinion, I think misunderstand
identify and infer attitudes and opinion in extended that... me …
speech We are of the That is
Returning to
same opinion in certainly true,
the point in
this case. however …
question …
Function Examples
Maintaining
interest in
conversation
Giving opinions
Returning to the
topic
Agreeing and
disagreeing
Conceding /
Agreeing in part
Clarifying
2 Read the audioscript on page 93 or listen again. Find equivalent

phrases that Marta, Jules and Rob use and add them to the
categories in Exercise 1.
Pre-listening Listening 3 Listen to some of the discourse markers in context. Compare the two
1 a) You are going to listen to three colleagues recordings. What do you notice about the register?
1 Discuss the following questions in small groups.
discussing a television programme on life 4 Listen again and repeat the expressions, paying attention to the
a) What is a life coach? coaching. Listen and decide which speaker, rhythm and intonation.
Marta, Rob or Jules, is the most supportive of life
b) In what way are they different from the coaching. 5 Look at the audioscript on page 93 and highlight the discourse
following people: markers. Add them to the categories in Exercise 1. Which would you
psychotherapist b) Listen and again and make notes on the be more likely to use in formal situations?
speakers’ attitudes.
hypnotist 6 Complete the following conversation with the best options.
Rob’s attitude towards the amount of work life
counsellor coaching can be
careers advisor A So, you’re saying you would go to a life coach?
psychologist B Well, yeah. I mean, don’t get me wrong / please don’t misunderstand
me, I wouldn’t in every scenario – just if I was really struggling.
c) In which circumstances might you seek out Marta’s attitude towards dealing with problems A And have you ever been in a position like that?
the services of a life coach?
B To be honest, I think that’s a little personal.
d) Can you think of a public personality who A Oh, I’m sorry. It’s just you seem pretty convinced on the subject –
could benefit from life coaching? Jules’ attitude towards a work/life balance doesn’t he Jim?
C I do not agree that he is convinced / I’m not sure I’d say convinced. I
think he’s just playing devil’s advocate.

7. Finding Out (Listening) Using the language
‘Coached towards happiness.’ 1 You are going to work in pairs to practise
giving advice and responding to advice using
the language we have looked at in this lesson.
7 Complete the following written text with the Language review Student A, look at the scenarios below. Student
best options.
1 Look at the audioscript on page 93 and highlight B, look at page 94 and read the scenarios.
examples of conditional sentences.
With all due respect to the writings of Mr. Barton 2 When you are ready, role play the scenarios
2 Which words do the speakers use instead of taking turns to be the life coach and client.
/ Although Mr. Barton has some good points to
‘if ’ ? What do you know about the tense native
make, it is this writer’s opinion/ I definitely think speakers use after conjunctions like these?
that local governments must provide more in the Student A
form of counselling and coaching services. There 3 Look back at the examples you found in the
is an overwhelming need for additional services,
audioscript. Which time do the clauses in each 1 Read your client profile and add details to your
refer to? new persona.
particularly in more deprived areas. I suppose
it’s true that / While it is true that this could be 4 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. Write 2 Choose one of the life coach profiles and give
described as tackling the symptoms and not the the correct sentence on the first blank line. advice to your client on the situation they
describe.
cause, we are faced with a situation in which time a) Supposing I had seen a life coach, probably I’d
is of the essence and waiting for further research still be in a junior position right now.
You are interested in:
Option 1
is not an option.
You work for a coaching service. You are very experienced and hold very
b) I definitely not have changed my approach to strong opinions. Listen to your client’s problem and prepare some advice
8 Complete this conversation with appropriate life, and I’d probably be a stone heavier. to give him or her. Make it clear what you believe the correct path to take is
discourse markers for the function in brackets.
and be sure to clarify any information you provide.
You want to:
A I watched the programme last night and Option 2
although the cases they showed were c) Unless you think I could help you, I think you
should have see a life coach. You work for a coaching service. You are not very experienced and have a
interesting and had positive outcomes,
tendency to give a range of solutions to a problem and let the client decide
what’s best. Listen to your client’s problem and prepare some advice to give
(give opinion) that it was
him or her. Make it clear what you believe the correct path to take is and be
a good direction to go in. d) I wouldn’t have ever did what Riad did if I were You don’t want to:
sure clarify any information you provide.
in his situation.
(clarify) , all of the people were rich and Client Profile
could afford to pay for these services. They
e) As long as I know that my family will be healthy, You have decided to see a life coach because you have found yourself in a
didn’t show anyone who was receiving such
I can see a happy future for all of us. tricky situation. Listen to the advice from your life coach and discuss the next
a service as part of a funded programme. You have the following responsibilities:
steps. You do not have to agree with your life coach and should give your
A young family to take care of; rent and bills to
reasons for feeling a certain way.
(maintain interest) pay; expectations of your parents to fulfil.
You have recently finished university. You got great results and have fantastic
f) Can you imagine if we hadn’t been promoted last
B recommendations from your teachers but you’re not sure what to do now.
year? We would be earning big bucks by now!
(concede) there are cases like that. For The economic situation means the number of opportunities are becoming
example, my local health authority supplies fewer but right now you’re main problem is deciding which path to take.
coaching to young adults who are struggling
to find a career path and also to people 5 Using your corrected sentences, write statements
which have equivalent meaning. Write the
adjusting after traumatic events.
statements on the second blank line in Exercise
4. Look at the example.
a) Supposing I had seen a life coach, probably I’d
Common discourse markers in British spoken
still be in a junior position right now.
English
you know actually basically
But I did see a life coach and now I’m not in a junior position.
like I mean okay 6 Read language file 4 on page 102 and do the
Exam tip: exercises.
Using appropriate discourse markers in your
writing and speaking is a good indicator of
fluency.

8. Sharing Information (Writing)
Local roots
‘Realising our dreams.’ She thought back to what her dreams had been and where she could have ended up. She
realised she would have been shocked at her current position and certainly at how she been
able to get there so quickly. Her beginnings had been humble; by all rights she should have
been a housewife like her mother and grandmother before her. Family, friends and food on
Language focus the table every night, but she had little in the way of business ambition. She would have been
OBJECTIVES
1 You are going to read about three successful as happy working part time in the local post office as she was right now running her own
Grammar
entrepreneurs. Read each of the texts and make successful company. The key for her was, and always had been, her network of friends and
discourse markers to structure and signpost formal
brief notes. family, and it was precisely this happy, close-knit network that had progressed her dreams
speech and writing
modals in the past Different paths from their humble origins to the heady heights of worldwide success. She could have left it all
behind and forgotten her origins but that just isn’t her style. Although humble no more, her
narrative tenses for experiences including passive
lifestyle is still connected to her community and the people in it – many of whom have been
Writing
employed locally.
use a variety of vocabulary and grammatical devices
to involve the reader Local roots
3 Choose one of the texts and make notes on what Using the language
you notice about these features of writing.
1 Skim through the texts again and highlight
Speaking sentence complexity
examples of participle clauses and modals in the
Karel’s story past.
1 Read the following scenario and think about
what John should do. Check any new vocabulary. 2 What can participle clauses and modals in the
past do? Write P for participle clauses and M for
John has recently graduated with an MSc tense and time modals in the past.
from Oxford University. He is now faced with a
a) express ideas in fewer words
quandary. Should he take a high-paid job as a 2 In small groups, discuss which text you think is
research scientist, or start his own company? the most interesting and why.
b) relate events in the past
2 Write down John’s first step in deciding the voice
course of action.
c) avoid identifying personal involvement
3 Pass your paper to the left. Read the decision and
decide on the next course of action.
d) express our attitude towards a past event
4 In small groups, read out the completed scenario vocabulary
sheets and discuss whether you think the courses
e) give more information
of action would be workable.
3 Which language features from the text can we use

4 Compare your ideas with a group who looked at to achieve the remaining effects?
Different paths
‘My dreams were the same as every other boy in my the same text.
home town – we wanted to play for the national team, 5 Exchange information with a group who looked
live life at the top and then come back and open a pub in at a different text.
our hometown.’ He leans towards me with a small smile
creeping into the corner of his mouth. ‘I mean you have
to remember, opportunity wasn’t really knocking on the
door of a small northern fishing village. That really was
the dream and if the strength of our wishing could have
made a difference, it’s what would have happened
to us all.’
Terry Parkinson stirs his coffee and chuckles. He hasn’t
Karel’s story
revealed anything about his current dreams but I can
Not having a formal education has not held Karel Penderton back. He
imagine him, a young boy, happily playing kickabout in
has learned all he needs to know about being a businessman through
the narrow lanes that meander through the small fishing
experience and trial and error. He opened his first shop in the late nineties
cottages lining the shore of his home town. The story is a
having worked as a market trader prior to that. Although not immediately
nostalgic one but I sense disbelief in Terry’s description of
successful, this first business venture focused on mobile technology
it. Could he really have come from such small beginnings?
and gave Karl the confidence and knowledge to expand into the online
‘It’s a question that jars with me to be honest. I mean, I
community. In the mid-noughties he launched his very first subscription
have nothing but pride for my roots, but I do sometimes
music streaming service which has now grown into an online community
struggle to connect with the ‘me’ of my past. I was such a
with more than 4 million paying subscribers. At the most recent
happy, carefree little boy. At my core, I am still the same,
New Business Ventures conference, Karl discussed his newest online
and obviously, my material circumstances have vastly
business which he was developing at the time. He describes himself as
improved, but if I could go back and achieve that dream,
the happiest self-made man in the country and advises fellow young
and give all of this up, I would do it.’
entrepreneurs to learn from mistakes and, as the old cliché goes, always
follow your dreams.

8. Sharing Information (Writing) Planning Writing
‘Realising our dreams.’ 1 Work in a small groups. You are going to write 1 Write your profile in groups. Use the texts you
about someone who has realised their dreams. read in Language focus Exercise 1 to help you.
4 Choose either ‘Local roots’ or ‘Karel’s story’ and rewrite it to include Before you begin, work together to build up a
the following techniques. picture of who the person is and what path they
have followed through life. Use the questions
Add an additional voice below to help you make notes.
Include direct speech Who are they?
Describe the imagined body language of the person being written about What is their background? (age, socioeconomic
status, education, values ... )
Use a range of grammatical devices
What were their childhood ambitions or dreams?
What has their life experience been like? (Did they
benefit from luck or from hard work? Did they have
a formal or informal education? Did they receive any
outside support or did they do it all on their own?)
What dream did they realise? (Was it their
childhood dream or something related or something
unexpected?)
Has realising their dream fulfilled them?
2 When you have finished, swap your profile with

another group. Look at the new profile and work
together in your group to complete the following
tasks.
identify the features of the text
correct any errors
improve the text by adding other language features
3 Give back the profiles and discuss the changes
that have been made with the other group.
4 Think about successful entrepreneurs or national
icons from your own country. Which of them
would you describe as happiest? Research their
profiles and write a short text describing them.
Use the following questions to support your
research.
What are the most important lessons they have
learned?
What evidence do they give for…?
Give an example of something that has helped /
hindered them.

9. About Your World 1
‘Bucket lists.’
• Learn to play poker an
d beat my brother
• Drive a Ford Capri thro
ugh the Cote d’Azur
OBJECTIVES A
Vocabulary • Do some graffiti art
idiomatic expressions
• Go out for the day and
Speaking pretend to be someone
completely different
use suitable language to hold the floor • See the stars above th
e Gobi desert
• Ride a motorbike
Speaking
1 In small groups, complete the following tasks.
a) Discuss what you understand by the term
‘bucket list’. Which of the following is the best
y.
description of a bucket list, in your opinion?
bo a rd m em be r at my compan
2 ngest
a focusing tool designed to make you consider the
B
Become the you
important things in life
cash
a list of things to ‘tick off’ throughout your life Buy a house in re
ec e of P h il ipp e Starck furnitu
your goals and dreams written down Own a pi
3
things you want to accomplish because you feel e suit
Get a handmad er y,
you are getting old
o so m et h in g p ractical like join
b) Look at the pictures of people and discuss Learn how to d
what you think they do and what their lives are bing.
like.
Visit the 10 best beaches in the world carpentr y, plum
ti
c) Read the following bucket lists and match the Learn Mandarin Drive a Masera
people to list that you think best fits their image
and profile.
Have a family
4
Laugh until I cry
Help a complete stranger, just for the good of it Date someone from
another country
Beat my fear of heights Live alone
C Do the Three Peaks Challenge Work for myself

Win a competition
Inspire someone
D Do a headstand in
yoga (Sirshasana
)
Meet one of my he
roes without lettin
g them
know I’m a fan
Be closer to my br
other
Sing in front of st
rangers

9. About Your World
‘Bucket lists.’
Vocabulary
1 Where do you think the expression ‘bucket list’
comes from?
2 You are going to listen to someone discussing
their bucket list, she uses a range of idiomatic
expressions. Listen and note down any idiomatic
expressions she uses.
3 Listen again. Which idiomatic expressions does

she use to express the following? Check your
ideas in the audioscript on page 93.
Partiality (meaning not completely) TIP:
Use of idioms is common in native speakers of
Discounting something English internationally. The meaning and use of
idiomatic expressions can vary from country to
country so focus on learning high frequency idioms
Thinking about something or deciphering those that you hear frequently.
Attempting something 4 Read language file 5 on page 105 and do the

exercises.
5 What do you think the literal meaning of the 1 Write your own ‘things to do before I die’ list
idiomatic expression ‘hold the floor’ is? with at least five items. Think of reasons for your
a) to speak for an extended period without letting choices.
others interrupt you 2 Work with a partner. Combine your list and
b) to direct a conversation by asking people to choose the five items that best represent you
contribute together.
c) to wait for someone to give their opinion before 3 Get together with another pair. Explain your
you speak selections and try to hold the floor. Choose the
6 Listen to Ruth holding the floor and check your five items that best represent you collectively.
answer in Exercise 6. 4 Join with another group, explaining your reasons
7 Look at the audioscript on page 94 and highlight for your selections and discussing your final five-
the language Ruth uses to hold the floor. item list.
8 You are going to discuss some topics in pairs. 5 Present your list to the class. Make sure you hold
Read the topics your teacher gives you and try the floor.
to hold the floor as you give your opinion and
prevent your partner from interrupting you. Out in the real world
1 Make your bucket list of things to do before you
Speaking leave this city, this country or this continent.
Compare with a partner and plan to do at least
one of the things before next week.

Consolidation
Collocations
OBJECTIVES
Grammar 1 Read the following sentences and correct the
mistakes in the collocations. Write the correct
submodifying adverbs
collocations in the space provided.
discourse markers
a) Everyone was bitterly disillusioned with the new
marketing plan.
mixed conditionals
Vocabulary
b) She suspected that Marie resented her but she
collocations could hear no piece of bitterness in her voice.
feelings and emotions
My most 1 memory is the
idiomatic expressions
c) I know it’s not everyone’s cup of tea but I am day my father took me to the beach for the day. It
perfectly jolly in my own company. was just the two of us, I was around four years old
and it was absolutely perfect. I
2
him. Actually when I was
Word building d) Marie felt vaguely bitter towards her but she did
her best to hide it. six he gave me my first guitar. It’s probably the thing
1 Mark the main stress on the following words. I3 beyond anything else. He Idiomatic expressions
jolly told me once that he 4 my 1 Find the mistakes in these idiomatic expressions
serene 2 Unscramble the letters to make words. musicality because it was something he had always and rewrite them correctly.
disillusionment a) redao wanted for himself. I have to admit, he seemed to of a way
b) tops ftos have a 5 (two words) for to rule something over
irritate
c) hcshrie me to a greater extent than my brothers and sisters,
contented to make the plunge
although he loved them dearly too. My younger
exuberance d) madrei kind a
brother found our closeness very difficult to
agitated e) suretrea to get the hanging of something
6
because he absolutely
outrage f) arettloe 7
our dad. Unfortunately,
resentment g) uvale my dad was from a background that didn’t to cross in mind
8
closeness between father to give something a shoot
2 Group the words in Exercise 1 according to their
stressed syllables. and son.
to draw the line over something
Stress on first syllable Stress on second syllable Stress on third syllable
to bear your mind

3 Complete the text above using words in Exercise sorted of
2. You may have to change the form of the words,
2 Complete these sentences with the correct
for example from verb to noun.
idiomatic expression from Exercise 1.
Degrees of emotion a) I was just when all
of a sudden the teacher quit and we had to stop
1 Read these people’s comments about a television
the classes.
programme. Put them in order (1–4) from those
with the strongest feelings to those with the b) It never that she
weakest feelings. might be in danger.
a) My friend went on one of those talk shows. I c) I think the ending was quite entertaining
utterly adored it! I think I’ll treasure the memory , even though they
both died.
3 Change the form of the words in Exercise 1 to of her on it forever! It was very funny.
complete the following text. b) I don’t watch a lot of television but if I do, I d) I don’t want to
dislike anything with talk show hosts. I find them know what’s inside the box. It might be scary!
quite arrogant and I don’t really value their e) I’ll go so far as to hire a cleaner but I
I think the first step towards complete 1 is finding your inner calm. someone doing my
opinions or input.
Many people become 2 when they change their environment and have ironing for me.
c) Naturally, I don’t think those TV chat shows
to interact with people they’re not familiar with. Remember that wherever we are in the world, f) We had so many choices for our holiday but we
show the best examples of human nature,
we’ll interact with other humans who will be different from us and react differently to us. This however, I can tolerate watching them Costa Rica because
means 3 , rather than 4 is a likely outcome of sometimes. I have a soft spot for the stories that it’s just too far away.
human interaction. I, for example, am not very 5 , and when I see that reunite families. I mean, we’ve all got problems, g) I’ve never been snowboarding before
quality in others, I find I 6 the upset to my equilibrium. haven’t we? but this year I thought I would
d) I absolutely deplore the people who go on those .
TV talk shows. Undoubtedly, they are the most h) When you’re traveling on foot please
despicable examples of humanity! that the roads are
quite uneven. Appropriate footwear is essential.

2 Rewrite the phrases in bold to make the following 3 Read the following statements and write a
Consolidation conversation more informal. conditional sentence for each one that has the
same meaning. Look at the example.
A There are no circumstances in which you can You are obsessed with your wedding. You have a
deny he is the big smile on your face.
best thing in the whole film. Supposing you weren’t so obsessed with your wedding?
To some extent
Submodifying adverbs Discourse markers
B
you’re right but he’s only in it for fifteen minutes.
Do you think you’d still have such a big smile on your face?
1 Change these adjectives into adverbs and 1 Complete the following conversation with I cannot understand how you can believe a) You’re not fine because you didn’t listen to me.
include any negative prefixes, for example (un) appropriate discourse markers. it’s worth paying
fortunately. Sometimes, the forms do not change. to see at the cinema.
With all due respect Before I forget Well
a) deep A In fact,
Returning to the point in hand Talking of
b) ridiculous That’s certainly true Let’s get back to I do. Please, do not misunderstand me.
c) pretty . If something b) (It’s snowing) We’ve seen snow before so we’re
better’s on, I think you should see that instead. not excited right now.
d) fortunate A Fiona’s earlier
e) natural example. I think it indicates the type of funding By the way, you know the director? He’s from my
f) sad we’re likely to get. home town.
B but I also B Really? How funny. Getting back to the topic,
g) incredible
think there are other options we should consider I still don’t think c) Your typing skills aren’t good. Your friend thinks
h) believable
which is why I brought up the Greek example. it’s worth paying to see. it’s the reason you didn’t get the job.
i) entire
A ,
j) extreme
k) complete
I think the Greek example is out of date.
Conditional forms
, did you take
l) total notes about the other examples? It’s just I don’t 1 Complete the following sentences with an
appropriate word from the box. Write all the d) While we are students we are able to travel
m) expected think we should move forward without recording during the summer.
words that are possible.
n) terrible the ideas.
o) simple B , I think your supposing as long as unless if
secretary is note-taking for us.
p) tragic a) I leave work on
C recording
q) convinced time, I should make it to the party before 9pm. e) We continue to try to find out more about the
ideas. I didn’t notice anyone taking notes when we
r) tremendous b) we’d never met. world because we know so much about it already.
covered the budget requirements
s) surprised You wouldn’t have got your current job and we
A . What do we
wouldn’t be living together.
t) slight all think about Fiona’s example?
c) There are times when I think
2 Put the adverbs from Exercise 1 into the correct we had been
category. f) In the event that you don’t understand your
closer in age we would never have got on as well
teacher you may struggle to understand people
as we do now.
To indicate attitude To indicate strength of gradable
in London.
To intensify extreme adjectives d) you and I went
adjectives
on a date? Do you think we’d have a good time?
e) I wouldn’t have done it
you had asked
me to!
2 Match the sentence halves to make mixed
conditional sentences.
1 I’d have been able to a) we would be able to

sleep in get tickets.
2 If we’d remembered b) if he hadn’t been in
to sign up early the position we’re in
3 Correct the mistakes in the following
now.
conversation.
3 They wouldn’t have c) if you didn’t snore so
A Look at them in this photo, they look entirely happy don’t they? asked you to come loudly!
B Oh yes. Unfortunately, their parents were also absolutely delighted about the
4 There would be an d) we would know
proposal. opportunity to stop exactly where the
A Really? I was simply surprised when she accepted. for a break museum is.
B Oh? I thought it was naturally sweet the way he did it. 5 The principal wouldn’t e) if they didn’t like
A Well, yes it was. But, he cheated on her you know. She was slightly devastated have understood you.
when it happened. Unsurprisingly, she took him back though.
6 If only we’d
B No way? And they’re still married? I am fortunately shocked. f ) if you hadn’t made
remembered to
A Yes, but ridiculously, the marriage wasn’t to last. They divorced after just two years. everyone late.
download that app
Everyone was convincingly upset.

25 Rich: Really? That is interesting. Who’s on your client
Audioscript list, Dave, if you don’t mind me asking? Listening 5
Dave: Not at all. We have launched for Porsche, Ferrari, ‘Networkers.’ Page 14
Microsoft and Samsung. You might remember the Dave: Mr Fairbanks, good to see you again. How
TV event for that big phone launch last year. are you?
speaking test is recorded on computer and assessed 30 Rich: Yeah, I do. Sounds interesting.
Listening 1 later whereas the IELTS is still done face-to-face. 10 Dave: Maybe you’d like to hear more? What about
Rich: I’m good, and remember it’s Rich. Good to see
you again, too Dave. Let me just check, it’s Dave
‘Success research.’ Page 6 Obviously, they each have speaking, reading, writing lunch tomorrow? There’s a new sushi place in the Harrison, right? From Head-Think. 5
and listening sections as those are the skills you’ll city centre. I could tell you about the sort of things
1 need when studying here. There are some differences Dave: Yes, good memory. It’s been a great conference
we do for great companies just like yours. for us, seen some interesting exhibits.
Researcher: As you can see from the diagram there between the two, though. The TOEFL has six
are some clear trends establishing themselves recordings of conversations and lectures whereas 15 35 Rich: Sure, why not. I’m free for lunch tomorrow. Rich: Great! Let’s look at the menu, shall we?
among thirty-year olds. Chosen by the way, as the IELTS has just four of increasing difficulty. The Dave: Great. Here’s my business card. Perhaps I can Dave: Looks good. Maybe you can recommend
they are uniquely considering career and family, speaking tasks tend to differ considerably, too. In give you call. We could share a cab there. something? §0
5 and yet young enough to enjoy life’s activities in the IELTS there are three speaking sections with Cassandra: Excuse me, Dave.
full, and be looking to the future. Anyway, those an interview, a monologue based on cue cards and Rich: The sashimi looks very good. Saw some as I came
Rich: Oh, let me introduce my head of media Cassandra in. Let’s go with that. What do you think?
trends. Firstly, this table indicates a steady increase then a discussion with the examiner. In the TOEFL 20 40 Olivetti. Cassandra this is Richard Fairbanks from
through the five generations in the importance of there are six tasks which involve giving opinions Dave: Sounds good to me. By the way, are you staying
Infini-Tek. in the Hilton near the conference centre? It looks an
fame and its role in success. It’s hard to ignore how and answering questions on listenings and texts.
10 consistently the notion of a good life runs through It also has a reading section with four academic- Cassandra: Hello, Mr Fairbanks. Nice to meet you. amazing place. §5
the generations at a steady forty-four to forty-seven type texts to read and answer questions on, while Rich: You too, Cassandra. Look, Dave I have to go, but Rich: Yeah, the whole team’s there. It’s got some
percent. And then there’s experience, which I find the IELTS has just three with 40 multiple choice 25 I look forward to lunch tomorrow. incredible facilities …
particularly interesting and telling. It has declined questions to answer as well as written responses. 45 Dave: Me, too. Dave: … So, are you enjoying the conference? Seen
somewhat over the years, but more on that later. The Both exams involve writing an essay or argument. anything that’s caught your eye?
15 table shows us that happiness is as important as it The TOEFL also asks for a written lecture summary
ever was … and the IELTS needs a letter or graph description, Listening 4 Rich: Yeah, the tech companies are coming on strong. 20
2 depending on whether you are taking the general 30 ‘Networkers.’ Page 13 Some great media events and launch presentations.
We’re going to have to up our game a bit, I think.
or academic version … clearly you are the latter.
Researcher: The diagram tells us how success is Frank: Hey, Rick Fairbanks, right? Seen your photo in How about you?
TOEFL scores on the iBT version total 120 with
perceived quite differently between three key age the press release.
30 allocated to each of the skills. IELTS is quite Dave: Really impressed by your company’s stall and
groups chosen for very specific reasons. Those Rich: Err, yes I am. Are you with the press? 25
different as scores are shown as bands ranging new product catalogue. Fits right in with what’s
thinking about careers and study, those bringing up
from zero for non-users to 9 for expert users. Most 35 Frank: No, Rick. You don’t mind me calling you Rick, happening across the whole sector. It’s pretty hard to
5 children and on their career paths and those looking
colleges require about an 80 to 90 minimum score 5 right. I’m Giggsy, Frank Giggs from People-Rule - stand out from the crowd these days, though.
back and settling into retirement. Classic groups,
for the TOEFL and a 6.5 band on the IELTS, and PR, get it? How are you Rick? Rich: True. You mentioned you might have some ideas
don’t you think? So it’s fair to say connections
we are no exception to this. A key question for you Rich: Erm, good thanks Mr Giggs. But it’s Rich not for us when we met. Any thoughts?
and family ties are pretty important across the age
will be how often you take the exam as nobody Rick, VP at Infini-Tek. Not sure we’ve met.
groups. The third pie chart is interesting as it shows Dave: I have, Rich. Media exposure and social media 30
tends to get the necessary score to begin with. You 40
10 the sudden emergence of ‘good life’ and ‘legacy’ Frank: No, we haven’t. Just thought I’d introduce buzz is a must have at the moment. The public
can retake the TOEFL after a week or so. With the
categories amongst people in the final third of their 10 myself. Do a little business, you know. We’re doing and press is hungry for messages, you just need to
IELTS you used to have to wait a while, but now
lives. More on that later. Note too, how achieving lots of media things this week, really busy. In fact it’s coordinate them and make them, well, fun. So, yeah.
you can take it as often as you like so long as you
happiness is only considered a trait of success by the been a busy year for us despite the recession. Guess There are things you could do.
can find an exam centre running the exam. So, any
very youngest groups … intriguing. The ‘gimme’ in great companies are always busy. Maybe we can Rich: OK, I’m listening. Do you really think social 35
questions so far? 45
15 the numbers is the idea of money as a standout for help, er, Infino-Tek? media is the answer for people to sit up and take
the middle-aged respondents in our survey … 15 Rich: Infini-Tek. Well, we’re launching a tablet this week notice?
3 Listening 3 at the show. The PR event is later this week. Perhaps Dave: I do, well what I mean is, it’s part of the answer.
Researcher: A curious but telling chart I’m sure you’ll ‘Networkers.’ Page 13 you’ve heard about it. Let me outline how I might raise your profile.
agree. It shows the gender differences between Dave: Excuse me, are you with the Infini-Tek people? Frank: Not really. Leave that sort of thing to the tech Rich: I’m all ears … 40
people who scored highly on each category. So, in guys. I have helped launch some high-profile gadgets
Rich: Yes, I am. Who do you work for? Dave: … Well, that was a great meal. It was a good
essence, the difference between working-age men 20 in my time though. You’ve probably bought a few
Dave: Let me introduce myself. I’m Dave Harrison, recommendation to go with the sashimi. You really
5 and women in their perceptions of success. Notice yourself.
consultant at Head-Think marketing. Pleased to know food. Sorry to mix so much business and
how the good life notion shows parity between Rich: Perhaps. Excuse me, I need to get to a meeting.
meet you. 5 pleasure.
the sexes and how experience shows the greatest
difference between male and female respondents. Rich: Hello Dave. Good to meet you, too. I’m Richard Frank: Look, how about we get together later to see Rich: I enjoyed it. I spent a time out in Japan with my 45
An enormous difference in fact, that warrants Fairbanks. The VP at Infini-Tek, call me Rich. what we can do for you and your company. Come first company. Incredible food culture.
further study. However, today I’ll be exploring 25 on, just a quick bite to eat and a coffee. We could
10 Dave: Tell me, Rich. Are you promoting any new Dave: Really? Sounds interesting. Did you get to see the
reasons behind women’s idea of legacy being much offer you some great ideas for your launch events.
products this year? You’ve got a great track record for country much?
more important in a successful life and why women innovation. 10 Rich: Well, my schedule’s pretty full, Mr Giggs. I’m
Rich: I did. One of the most beautiful in the world it’s
consider happiness substantially more important meeting some TV people at eleven and a magazine
Rich: As a matter of fact Dave, we are. We’re launching safe to say. You should go there some time. 50
than men … interview at one.
a tablet onto the market. The CEO will be doing his Dave: I will. Let me get the bill. This one’s on me. After
launch-party thing for the press tomorrow. 30 Frank: Great. You’ve got time for a spot of lunch. Don’t
all, I did invite you.
Listening 2 Dave: I think I’ve read about it in the industry press.
worry, my PA will find you later and bring you along.
Rich: If you insist. I prefer to go Dutch, maybe next
Just thirty minutes or so, OK?
‘Making the grade.’ Page 9 A real ground breaker if I recall. New operating 15
Rich: Well er, I don’t know. That’s cutting it fine with
time. Why don’t you drop me a line? Put in some of
‘Making the grade.’ Page 9 system, 4G with a huge app store, sounds amazing those suggestions you mentioned. You know, give me 55
stuff. the magazine people. I guess half an hour couldn’t
some details I can discuss with the team. You’ve got
Teacher: Right, thanks for coming today. I’m just 35 hurt. Some interesting ideas you say?
Rich: We like to think so, Dave. Come along to the my address right? Anyway, google me, if not.
going to run through the two exams briefly before Frank: Yeah, really big stuff. We’ll touch base later, shall
we get down to what you’ll need individually launch if you like, should be a real show stopper. TV, Dave: Thanks for meeting up. I really enjoyed it. I
catering and, you know our CEO, he’s a showman so 20 we? Look Rick, I’m in a bit of a rush to be honest.
on the exams to get a place here. Well, both the think we put together some really good concepts for
it’ll be entertaining. My head of corporate communications here needs 60
5 IELTS and TOEFL exams have paper-based and you going forward. I’ll be in touch later this week.
to talk. I’d introduce you, but it’s all go-go-go at the
computer-based versions although these days most Dave: Thanks Rich. I’d love to see how your PR people Thanks again and have a good trip home. Goodbye.
40 moment. Talk later Rick. See ya.
of the TOEFL is done on the iBT version which work. We actually set up launch events for high- Rich: Thanks Dave. Bye.
is the internet-based test. Of course, the TOEFL profile tech companies and luxury-end goods.
86 Advanced: Audioscript Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 87

stimulate them from their sleep. Would you turn 20 Anyway, enough of me. Let’s watch the real pros do far more consistently than the unlucky people.
Listening 6 your attention to the presentation screen, please? it. As you can see on the screen I’m going to show But, why? Well, so-called ‘lucky’ people are less 65
‘Networkers.’ Page 14 So what are these tricks? Well, asking questions you a clip of a famous politician. Watch, then you tell
me what he’s doing.
susceptible to stress and anxiety. Unlucky people
to your audience, challenging them to think with 95 are generally tenser and this seems to disrupt their
Frank: Rick, good to see you buddy. Please take a seat. what we call rhetorical questions. Once they start ability to notice opportunities. Conversely, lucky
Rich: Well Mr Giggs, I see you’ve ordered. Never mind.
I’ll have something quick for time’s sake. Got an
the thinking process you’ve got them. They’re
ready to play ball. So you’ve got their attention, but
25
Listening 8 people tend to be more open and relaxed, and as a
result see what is there, rather than just seeing what 70
interview to do in forty minutes. you’re just this anonymous person stood in front ‘Born Lucky?’ Page 29 they are looking for.
5 Frank: Waiter! Another deluxe burger and fries … and of them. But they want to know something about Alice Ford: I’m here today to tell you something you So, first of all, lucky people are skilled at noticing
make it snappy this time, eh? Right, yeah sure. So you. Life? It’s about stories, it’s about people, it’s most probably don’t want to hear. We are told all opportunities. I also found they listen closely to
let’s get down to business. about people’s stories. That’s right, anecdotes. Draw 30 our lives, growing up, that with plenty of hard work, their intuition, their expectations are more positive-
them in with confessional tales or funny but telling resilience and determination we’ll get success. Well, they are more cup half full, than half empty and 75
Rich: Errm … OK. What was it you wanted to talk
sketches to illustrate your point, your message, your 5 I’m sorry to say that just isn’t true. Luck! Luck is finally, they are resilient. They persist until they
about?
big idea. Often the audience is confused, often the what leads to success. Of course, we mustn’t share reach a positive outcome. So, there is a touch of
10 Frank: Boy, have I got some great ideas for you and crowd is tired. They can miss the point or especially this with the youth of today, they should go on hard work involved after all.
your company. Have to say Rick, those guys you’ve competing points. That’s when we use parallel 35 believing that all their hard work will pay off. In an attempt to test these good luck strategies I
got doing your media stuff are amateurs, you know. structures – two similar ideas presented with similar
They will let you down badly. You might be thinking that this is all highly unfair asked four people to act on these principles and then 80
sentence structures for powerful effect. This theme
10 and so, why bother, let’s all give up on our dreams evaluate their amount of luck.
Rich: Really, why do you say that? of repeating is never so impactful as when we use
of success right now. Well, I am also here to let you One month later, the volunteers returned. The
15 Frank: Just look at your brochure. It’s not going to cut allegory, allusion and alliteration. Especially the last
in on a little secret, we can manufacture our good results were dramatic: 80% of people were now
it, is it? I downloaded your last press release. It’s, err, one where three initial sounds are repeated to drive 40 luck. So, how can I say this with such certainty? happier, more satisfied with their lives and, perhaps
how should I say … boring. You need to add some home your message. It’s memorable, meaningful …
Well, I know this is true from my own experience. most important of all, luckier. They reported that 85
showbiz, that’s what the customers want these days just joking. You can over-do it you know. Am I losing
15 Ten years ago I was just about to graduate from through persistent efforts to recognise opportunities,
Rick. Infotainment … you? A few I see. Well, that’s par for the course, I’m
college. I’d done pretty well but the job market view things in an open and unbiased fashion and
afraid. Have a look at this slide. Let me read one of
20 Rich: Info what? Is that even a word? … was awful. I was desperate to get into academic remain positive, they felt significantly happier.
them for you: Great presentations are like hitting a 45
Frank: … How’s the food? Not bad, eh. Tell me, are you work, but opportunities were few and far between.
home run. It captures the idea in an easy to imagine I would like to thank to Professor Frank Wiseman,
married? Children maybe? Then, I had a sudden stroke of good fortune. I was
way, a memorable way. Technically it’s a simile. whose research led to the writing of my latest book, 90
20 invited to a dinner party. Not particularly lucky you
Rich: Erm, I am actually, why? I’d lump metaphors in with them as incredible ‘The loser’s guide to getting lucky’. His top tips,
might say. But, next to me at the dinner table was
Frank: Well I bet your kids watch a lot of TV, right? Of ways to make things stick in the minds of your which you can find in the book are: listen to your
an eminent professor and his wife. By the end of
25 course they do. That’s where you need your exposure listeners. Sports and war are favourite themes for 50 gut instincts - they are normally right, be open to
the night, she had basically talked her husband into
… on TV. Let people know you’re here. Anyway, I’ve my audiences. Business and politics, they’re pretty new experiences and breaking your normal routine,
giving me a job in his department. He was looking
jotted down some ideas and prices for you to look at. similar. Well, the ball’s in your court. See what I did spend a few moments each day remembering things 95
25 for a research assistant at the time. Looking back,
there? Now, let’s add my final ingredient, my final that went well, visualise yourself being lucky before
Rich: Thanks. Maybe I’ll flick through it later. yes, this was incredibly lucky, but on the other hand,
insight, my final intuitive piece to the puzzle. Yeah, an important meeting or telephone call. Luck is
Frank: So, did you see the match at the weekend? I what had I done to make this woman think that I
the rule of three. Three similar chunks, sounds, ideas 55 very often a self-fulfilling prophecy. The book also
30 don’t reckon the new manager’ll last long, not unless was worth employing? Well, basically, I had seen
repeated to ram home that thing you are trying to contains more research findings and practical advice
they get some serious results and sharpish. the opportunity, and had set out to impress. This is
say in the way you want it said. on how to improve your own luck. Go on, you really 100
30 the story of so many successful people, in the right
Rich: Do you think so, Mr Giggs. We’ll see. … Now relax. The info overload is over. Let me tell place at the right time. But there is slightly more can turn your luck around!
Frank: … Right, I think I’m about done. Shall we you a story about the time I presented in Japan at to it than that. Five years ago, I set out to examine
split the bill, Rick? Never sure what to do in these a conference. I thought I’d show off by opening in 60 luck. I wanted to know why some people get all the Listening 9
Japanese. Let them know I’d made an effort. Well,
35 situations.
it didn’t go as I’d hoped and after 15 minutes of 35
breaks and are always in the right place at the right
time, while others live a less charmed existence.
‘Epic fails.’ Page 36
Rich: If you insist. I’ll have a look at your ideas and get
killer insights I left the podium to just a ripple of I placed advertisements in a national newspaper Inventor 1: Look it’s a long way from epic fail. OK, the
back to you sometime, OK?
applause. Afterwards, I was told I’d started with asking for people who saw themselves as consistently project may have run aground of late but yeah, we
Frank: Great. I love a successful business lunch. I’ll get ‘Good afternoon, urinals and toilets’. Well, ladies 65 can still turn it around. So don’t count us out yet.
lucky or unlucky to contact me. I interviewed
my PA to email you maybe. and gentlemen. The moral you ask? Be careful where It’s a great product and once you’ve used one there’s
these volunteers, asked them to complete diaries,
40 Rich: Yeah, you do that. you get your words and make sure they are the 40 personality questionnaires and IQ tests, and invited no going back. I was at a friend’s house just before 5
Frank: Later Rick. right ones. Another time I addressed a meeting on them to take part in some scientific experiments. Christmas in oh-nine. We were busy making cupcakes
tedious but important new legislation full of jargon Lucky people, I found, get that way by following for the girls and I had been trying to catch up socially
and acronyms. Well I got a brain freeze and forgot 70 on my new smartphone all morning. IM-POSSIBLE,
Listening 7 most of them. I paused, pondered and pounced on
some basic principles - seizing opportunities;
creating self-fulfilling prophecies through positive I can tell you. Who wants to mess up that sparkly new
‘Presentation tricks.’ Page 21 the opportunity. ‘Who can tell me what XYZ stands 45 expectations; and adopting a resilient attitude that phone screen? What I needed was some washable 10
for?’ They sat up and noticed, remembered what I turns bad luck around. phone glove type thing. I looked round the kitchen
Business guru: Good morning. Ever wondered what
had said and made the speech a success. The point? and screamed … got it! Sue jumped out of her skin.
makes Obama compelling or made Steve Jobs great Hundreds of extraordinary men and women
You can’t script the thing because you will forget it. 75 Well, we put our heads together and brought into
to listen to? What makes them so special? Well, volunteered for my research and, over the years,
Have a trick up your sleeve for when things don’t go being the digit dial finger glove that covers your SMS
keep listening. Ever thought why you really liked they’ve been interviewed and had their lives
to plan. Finally, I gave a public speaking course to digit … get it? With a latex glove so you can text and 15
5 that speaker even though you are unable to recall 50 monitored for signs of luck. The results reveal that
foreign students a while back. One Chinese student keep a clean screen while you clean up all the messy
any piece of information, number or figure they although these people have almost no insight into
showed how to make fortune cookies. He mixed stuff that family life can throw at you. It took a while
mentioned? Well, pay attention. I’m going to let the causes of their luck, their thoughts and behaviour
the stuff, he rolled the stuff and finally he handed 80 to move from the sketch to actually outsourcing the
you into their mind, let you walk in their shoes for a are responsible for how things turn out.
the stuff out. Inside mine, well, what do you think manufacturing stage to China, mind you. But there
while. Yes, let’s call them techniques, tactics or tricks One experiment I carried out aimed to discover
it said? ‘How about an A teacher?’ The lesson here? they were, express delivery from the Far East in a 20
10 of the effective speaker’s trade. You want to persuade 55 whether this was due to differences in their ability to
Prepare those words well. But as I said, when it all range of seven colours and our company name …
your buyers, convince your voters, don’t you? spot opportunities. I wanted to see if some people
goes wrong don’t throw in the towel, have a back- ‘Sarah and Sue’ – ‘S and S’ actually, for brevity’s
Hit a hole in one? Well, listen up. Imagine a huge 85 are more aware of chances that come along, just as I
up plan. Look at this next slide. It brings home my sake stamped on each. The website sales have been
hall and a large cruel-looking, hungry-for-laughs had done at the dinner party.
message today. In short: show you’ve got something slow. It’s down to marketing I suppose. I knew we
audience and you’re up there lonely and afraid
to say; show you’ve got something worth listening to. I gave both lucky and unlucky people a booklet and shouldn’t have hired Sue’s brother to create the 25
15 with the spotlight on you. Well, you had better have
Business is a battleground. Politics is war. There are 60 asked them to count how many images were in it. I ‘e-shopping portal’ as he puts it – what a dud! Never
something interesting to say, or should I say have an
no prizes for coming second. You have to lead from had added an advert saying, ‘Tell the experimenter mind. Turns out though, we may not have been the
interesting way of saying it. That crowd is merciless, 90
the front as a general does ahead of his troops. The you have seen this advert to win £100.’ The results first. Perhaps it’s time to move on … ‘Quinn’s Cakes’
calling for blood unless you can blow their socks off
presentation is his chance to win hearts and minds. were astounding. The lucky people spotted it … nice ring, hasn’t it?
with your opening. Challenge them, provoke them,

30 Inventor 2: I wouldn’t say that password memory fail ‘conversation’ – yeah, right. As a software engineer it agree more. And also, we have to think of other contributing factors towards people feeling happy in
is a problem … it’s an epidemic! Clearly something didn’t take much to dream up the app to translate … 50 aspects; there’ll be less suicide, less alcohol and drug their environment was something you just touched 120
is, was, will be needed to overcome the daily or to be precise … interpret what your dog is saying abuse, um, and as you’ve just mentioned, it means upon, Dennis: Security and personal safety. So, you
challenge of multiple security walls on our devices and vice versa. Cool, huh? Anyways, I got home and 110 we’ll have a healthier society and it’ll be cheaper for know, things like going down to the shops without
and favourite secure sites. You know … PayPal, set about the design and to cut a long story short … all of us as a result. getting mugged, or shouted at by a group of hoodies
35 credit card verification and even Facebook lo -in. voila … the Mutt-Mutter app was born. And seeing Presenter: So far we’re both very much on the same on street corners, as one contributor said. Melanie,
Well, it was rainy Friday afternoon and I was trying I‘m Martha, I really like the whole alliteration thing. 55 page. Let’s move on and look at the social and what do you have to say on this issue? 125
to remember … for the zillionth time my pet dog’s But the Smith didn’t really fit so we threw that out at political policies which are specifically designed to Melanie Jordan: Yes, I think security is one of the key
favourite treat and birthday. I’d been tap-tapping the first marketing get together. We launched at the 115 improve people’s general happiness. Dennis, I know issues, crime and personal safety in the home, on the
on my keyboard and going round in circles, when London Olympics, or I should say the same week as. you have very strong views on this. Maybe you’d like street. People are very suspicious of other people,
I looked up and saw my girlfriend’s photo – she’s Maybe that was a mistake in hindsight. Our blunder to start. and that creates distrust or happiness, if you like, in
40
working abroad – with a lipstick kiss on it. Bingo! cost us dear and we haven’t appeared in the app 60 society. 130
Dennis Harmer: Yes, thank you. I’d like to begin
Came up with it there and then. Not sealed with a chart since. What can I say … we were found lacking.
with the health aspect. Research shows that people Dennis Harmer: Absolutely right, and they have good
kiss but opened with one. I quickly got on the phone Well, at least our business acumen was. We’ve got a 120
listed health as the biggest factor that impacts their reason to be suspicious, I mean, there is a real
to a designer friend and in next to no time we had doggy training app out next month. You know, Sit!
overall sense of wellbeing and contentment. Not problem with youth gangs and with hoodies, as you
45 our saliva encoded USB plug-n-play device built Roll over! Fetch the newspaper, boy! I can already
surprisingly, it’s one of the key policies that sway said, and they need to be treated harshly and quickly.
and ready for the market. Give it a lick, it checks smell the money.
65 voters come election time, so it’s something we Melanie Jordan: No, I disagree with you. I really 135
the online database via low-noise DNA sampling …
have to be very much aware of. Now clearly, the think that you actually need the generations to
won’t go all-technical on you … let’s just call it bio
data unique to you. The perfect solution. A number
Listening 10 government can make positive moves to improve our socialise together, to do more together, so it’s the
50 of names were tried … ‘lick-n-go’, ‘Steve Swann’s ‘Improving happiness.’ Page 56 health through the policies they advocate and they complete opposite. You know, if you spend money
put into action. They should, though, I think, focus on initiatives that bring people together, you’ll break
e-swab’ but we went for ‘Secure-Saliva’. Well it Presenter: Good evening and welcome to Mind and 70 more on chronic conditions that lead to unhappiness down the barriers that cause these problems. 140
bombed. We are still not sure why it fell short yet, as Body. On tonight’s show we’ll be discussing how directly; especially things like depression and stress
we are running it through a business analysis even the government can impact on the happiness of Dennis Harmer: Yes, that all sounds very nice, nice ‘pie
related sleep disorders. I think that’s a big factor.
as I speak. Maybe we need to relaunch and think up the public; an interesting conversation I think. But in the sky’ ideas, but actually what we really need is
some better branding. Who knows? 2012 was a big first perhaps we should ask what happiness actually Melanie Jordan: I agree with you, but I think they really strong policing to tackle crime, and making sure that
55
year from lipstick to USB-stick but maybe next year is and how it is connected with government and 5 need to tackle the causes and not the symptoms. we get value for money on this, and that we get the
will be our year to strike it rich. 75 Dennis Harmer: Er, no, I don’t agree with I must say. right results.
political policy. Clearly, happiness is a very complex 145
Inventor 3: It started with a cup of tea. Don’t all great issue, however most would agree it involves two Um, I think we really need to think about how to Presenter: Well, plenty of disagreement there. Let’s
ideas and inventions. I had studied mechanical specific ideas. First is the immediate gratification look after these people who are suffering from these move on. Let’s talk about the government itself
engineering at university and design was on that comes from pleasurable, or un-pleasurable, like depression and not getting a proper night’s for a moment. Research in your book, Melanie,
60
my mind. Innovators innovate was my mantra. experiences during each day. And second, and 10 sleep, because it’s having a huge impact on how suggests that the quality of government and people’s
‘Inventors invent’ read the poster above my bed with perhaps more confusing, the conclusions we come to 80 society’s run and the number of sick days and things confidence in their government may turn out to have 150
a picture of my namesake Clive Sinclair … my hero, when reflecting on our lives in general. You know, the like that. a substantial effect on how they feel.
I mean inspiration. So, I just needed the big idea. eternal question; How is my life? Am I doing OK? Melanie Jordan: Yes, but if you just target the causes Melanie Jordan: Mm.
Well, there I was at a house party with my mug of I’ll be putting the second part of the question to and you get people to lead healthier lives in the first
65 Presenter: Being important or having purpose, maybe,
Darjeeling when suddenly, bang! Some klutz had today’s guests. Here to discuss the topic is Melanie 15 place, they avoid the conditions that will lead to the
stumbled into the sound system and the decks were Jordan, a political journalist and author of a brand within society. Dennis, would you like to comment
85 unhappiness, you know, things like a better diet and
ruined. Party over. We headed for the exit when new book: ‘How the Government Can Make Me on those ideas? 155
educating people better in schools and workshops
boom! It came to me. A turntable you could carry Happy’. that’s where the money should go. Dennis Harmer: Yes I would, actually. Um, the first
around in your pocket, albeit a slightly over-sized Melanie Jordan: Good evening. point I’d like to say is that what we need to do is we
70 Dennis Harmer: Actually apologies, but key research
one. The record - a big black CD-thing to you young 20 need to take money out of politics, we need to make
Presenter: My other guest this week is Dennis Harmer, has shown that actually you get much faster results
folk - would slot in to a thin device and rotate and sure that there’s a fixed budget for each party during
a member of parliament who is known for his 90 by just treating the symptoms. It’s all very well trying
you could plug it into an external amplifier. I ran the elections, so that we get all sorts of different 160
outspoken views on government policy and its to re-educate people, but that takes a lot longer.
home, mostly, so excited was I with the brainwave views heard, otherwise it just becomes an issue of
impact on society’s well-being. Melanie Jordan: Well long term health benefits come
I’d hatched. I set to work and with engineer friends who’s got more money and who can shout loudest.
80 Dennis Harmer: Good evening. from those early changes to prevent the problems
I cooked up a prototype for the market within Melanie Jordan: No, it shouldn’t be for each and every
six months. There I was, standing on the edge of Presenter: Let’s get back to my first question then: 25 in the first place. If you educate people about sport,
party because, you know, the bigger and richer ones
greatness. The world at my feet and a porta-player Should the government stick its nose into the affairs 95 then they’ll always do sport and then they won’t get
are so because they’re more popular, it represents 165
in my pocket. What happened you ask? Sank without of the public to the point where it worries how happy obese and you won’t have that problem.
society. Why should people fund parties that nobody
85 a trace. It was a question of capital. Nobody was they are, or should I say, is it the government’s Dennis Harmer: Yes, I think we’re having arguments agrees with, you know?
willing to take it on, which was crazy. Eighty two was business how happy it’s people are? Melanie. on long-term arguments and short-term arguments.
Dennis Harmer: Well, precisely because otherwise
a great year. The first CD player, ET, my all-time Melanie Jordan: Thank you Jim. Erm, I think they are 30 Nevertheless, another factor of this is the health care
we won’t hear the minority’s voice, and that’s an
favourite movie and the Weather Channel. Shame a number of very good reasons why the government 100 and the social care of the elderly. Um, I think we
important voice. In any society we need to hear from 170
nobody thinks of the lame duck pocket-porta-Player should take more than just a passing interest in how need to make sure that they are well looked after so
the majority speakers and the minority speakers; it’s
90 anymore, eh? To make matters worse, others later happy its population is. Firstly, opinion polls show they don’t become a burden on future generations.
very important to have that balance.
‘invented’ it and, although they sold very few, at least it’s really important. People want happiness more Melanie Jordan: Well, you see, I can’t agree with that
made it to market. Anyway, I may yet launch, some Presenter: Well that’s great. Thanks Dennis, thanks
than power or fame and money, and anything that 35 because I think that’s every family’s duty. Just
30 years after flopping. The gadget nostalgia market Melanie. Let’s take a break there to take some of
popular should be on our politicians’ radar. 105 being involved in something and taking action; that 175
is huge, I’m looking for finance currently. your questions. What do you think the government
Presenter: Interesting. actually makes people happier. And also with alcohol
can do to improve the happiness, wellbeing, or
95 Inventor 4: It takes a certain brand of cookie-brained and drug abuse, that can be tackled early on through
Dennis Harmer: Yes generally I agree with that, I think whatever you want to call it, of the public? Email us
weirdness to come up with killer solutions to education, er, rehab programmes and in schools.
we need to be careful about chasing votes and always at the usual address: ‘healthyliving@nationalradiogb.
problems none of us even consider unless, you Dennis Harmer: Well I agree with you in part; I agree
following what is popular, but I have to say that 40 com’ or give us a call on our usual number:
know, we’re in the moment. Anyways, I have lots of 110 that the abuse of alcohol and drugs is a big issue in
research has shown, not just in this country but in all ‘01230657915’. We’ll talk more…. 180
buddies with dogs who are forever trying to figure our society; however, as I said before, I don’t think
countries, there have been recent studies in North
100 them out or talk with that annoying baby-talk voice the re-education line is actually the way to go. I think
and the pooch just stands there thinking ‘what?’ The
America and in Europe, that back this up.
you actually need to target the drug gangs using Listening 11
science is there, in fact. The ability to interpret their Melanie Jordan: The second reason is happy people
actually live longer. They’re generally healthier 45
police, using military, if need be, and increasing ‘Can you convince me?’ Page 64
barks and woofs – it’s ‘I’m hungry’ nine times out of 115 taxes on alcohol to make sure that these situations
ten. The Eureka moment hit me on the train home. I which means they need less medical care, and that’s Helen: It was a tremendous feeling! The whole day was,
don’t occur.
was watching a women talk into her phone and what cheaper for society. just magnificent. I’d had a few struggles during my
105 Presenter: Well, plenty to think about there. We ran a degree, particularly with my mathematics course. I
was clearly her dog the other end. She was having a Dennis Harmer: Absolutely right, again I couldn’t poll on our website this morning, and one of the key

found it difficult and didn’t expect to pass. I went D Marta: Well anyway Jules, they were really successful
to my tutor for help and attended a few extra study Speaker 4: It’s my last day here. I’m extremely Listening 16 you know, jet set lifestyles, loads of money but lonely
5 sessions which helped but I still wasn’t sure of
success. So, to know that I was graduating that day,
displeased about it to be honest. I mean, what do my ‘Coached towards happiness.’ Page 70 too. It just shows how crazy people’s focus can be.
parents expect me to do now? Go home and forget Marta: Oh God. Did you see that documentary last Jules: We’re on the same page there Marta. I mean, 70
with good results overall and with all my friends, about English? It’s tragic. Clearly, I should be able to don’t get me wrong, I want more money, I want
well, I mean I was just over the moon, ecstatic night? Most depressing thing I’ve seen in ages.
stay and improve until I have a superior level. 5 to get to a high point in my career but sometimes
even! My parents were delighted and me and all my Jules: What? What are you on about? getting there can make you so unhappy, like stressed
E
10 friends were excited about celebrating. I couldn’t Rob: Oh, I saw it. It was that one about life coaching, and agitated you know?
believe the day had finally come! Speaker 5: Uuuh. It’s my last day. I’ve told you that wasn’t it?
5 Rob: That’s ‘cos you’re ambitious, Jules. I mean, I’m 75
already a million times. I’m not exactly ecstatic
about it, but it is what it is so, no, I can’t stay and Marta: Yeah, that’s the one. All the people in it were so not saying you’re one of those stressed, agitated
Listening 12 help you with your homework. You’ll have to do it on pathetic. I wanted to tell them to just pull themselves people or anything.
‘Can you convince me?’ Page 64 your own. Just like everyone else. 5 together and get on with it. And all those predictable
parts about coaching yourself towards a successful
Jules: It’s OK. You’re right. I am ambitious, but I look at
A F some people I work with and maybe they could do
10 life, I mean, please. It’s just a load of rubbish. with some coaching. 80
Speaker 1: It’s my last day here. I’m really a bit upset Speaker 6: It’s my last day next week? Are you quite Jules: Not a fan then Marta? Why did you watch it?
about it to be honest. I mean, it’s been fantastic sure? Wow. How wonderful! I hadn’t even realised! Rob: How come?
Huh. Oh, I can’t wait to go home and see my family! Marta: Oh. Matt wanted to and if I weren’t such a Marta: Yeah, why Jules?
being here and now I’ve got to go back to the real
It’s going to be awesome. good girlfriend, I wouldn’t have let him! He said if
word. Jules: Well some of them are in the office for like
he hadn’t met me, he’d be the one in need of a life
B coach right now! eighteen hours a day and weekends. They’re
Speaker 2: It’s my last day here. I’m really excited Listening 14 15
Rob: Oh, did he? Well, I’m not a hundred percent
obsessed with the markets. I don’t think they have 85
a life outside work. Supposing I hadn’t taken this
about it to be honest. I mean, it’s been amazing ‘Can you convince me?’ Page 65 convinced about life coaching either, but you can’t job in the city, I don’t think I’d realise how seriously
being here but I’m going travelling for a few months deny that the life coach got some excellent results.
Helen: Not surprisingly, it was a tremendous feeling! some people take it all and I really don’t want to
now and I cannot wait!
The whole day was, just magnificent. Unfortunately, Jules: Yeah? Like what? turn into that.
C I’d had a few struggles during my degree, 20 Rob: Well, there was this one woman who had Rob: Well, remember, they wouldn’t have turned into 90
Speaker 3: It’s my last day here. I’m not too sure about particularly with my mathematics course. I found it emigrated to the UK from South Korea. She had something like that if they weren’t going to make
finishing, to be honest. I mean, I’ve learned so much terribly difficult and didn’t expect to pass. Naturally, 5 dual nationality or something, but she hadn’t massive bonuses.
but I’m not sure I’m ready to go back home and use I went to my tutor for help and attended a few extra anticipated how difficult it would be to adjust.
English for work. I’m a bit nervous actually. study sessions which helped, but I still wasn’t sure Jules: As long as I remember who my friends are, you’ll
She thought she knew a bit about life in the UK be able to tell me if I ever get like that, right?
D of success. So, to know that I was graduating that 25 and everything, but when she got here she realised
day, with good results overall and with all my friends Marta / Rob: Right. 95
Speaker 4: It’s my last day here. I’m not happy about it finding a job wasn’t as easy as she thought it would
well, I mean I was just over the moon, ecstatic even! 10 be, people were difficult to understand.
to be honest. I mean, what do my parents expect me
to do now? Go home and forget about English? It’s
My parents were understandably delighted and me
Marta: That’s the truth! Listening 17
and all my friends were incredibly excited about
not fair. I should be able to stay and improve until I
celebrating. I couldn’t believe the day had finally 30 Rob: Yeah, anyway, she didn’t make any friends but ‘Coached towards happiness.’ Page 71
have a very high level. she felt too proud to go back. She thought she’d be
come! Mr Roberts: Although I understand you may disagree
5 E giving up or something. So the life coach worked with my opinion, I would very much like to reiterate
with her, got her to think about things that made her
Speaker 5: Uuhh. It’s my last day. I’ve told you that
already. I’m not happy about it, but it is what
Listening 15 happy in her old life, prioritise them, really plan how
the fact that not one of these supposed ‘life coaches’
featured on the programme had credentials that
it is, so, no, I can’t stay and help you with your ‘Burning questions.’ Page 67 35 she might be able to achieve something similar here would give me confidence to engage their services. 5
homework. You’ll have to do it on your own. Just like A and, well, it was quite a lot of work really, wasn’t
Audience member: With all due respect, Mr
everyone else. it Marta? But, at the end she was so much more
Presenter 1: Daphne Ford is a comic, known for her Roberts, none of us are aware of the credentials of
5 F positive. Personally, I think the coach did a great job
television sitcoms and stand-up shows in which everyone whose services we employ. And, please
with her. She felt she had a future here, didn’t she?
Speaker 6: It’s my last day next week? Are you sure? she draws on her real life experience of mental do not misunderstand me, I very much believe
illness, single-parent families and her entertaining 40 Marta: Yeah you’re right. But, I was just thinking, that consumers should have access to relevant 10
Huh. Great! I hadn’t realised! Huh. Oh, I can’t wait
childhood. Her debut show, ‘Disaster’ was received 5 well what do you expect? People need to prepare information about whoever they employ, however,
to go home and see my family! It’s going to be great.
warmly by the critics and dealt explicitly with her themselves for difficulties and when they face them, my point was more related to the benefits of
struggles with depression. Popular with audiences they need to problem solve themselves. You don’t employing such a service which the programme very
Listening 13 up and down the country, although less well- honestly believe that you need to employ someone much demonstrated were positive on the whole.
‘Can you convince me?’ Page 65 received critically, her television writing has tended 45 else to do that, do you?
A to focus on female characters as outsiders and 10 Rob: But Marta, when you’re that unhappy it can be
really difficult to think clearly and see your way out
Listening 18
humorous observers. In ‘Mind how you go’ her
Speaker 1: It’s my last day here. I’m really a bit upset previous stand-up show, Daphne drew on stories of something like that. And that poor girl barely ‘Bucket lists.’ Page 80
about it to be honest. I mean, it’s been utterly from her experience at secondary school, sharing knew anyone here so she didn’t even know where to Ruth: I saw a film that dealt with the idea of bucket
fantastic being here and now I’ve got to go back to embarrassing stories and proving, yet again, she’s the 50 look for help. I know you won’t agree with me here, lists. The people in it wanted to take the plunge
the real world. queen of self-deprecation. 15 but, she had the money to pay for him so, why not? and try the things they always wanted to do before
B B Marta: I suppose. It’s just, I can’t get my head around they kicked the bucket, so to speak. They were all
Speaker 2: It’s my last day here. I’m unbelievably employing someone to make me happy. It’s old by the way, and bear in mind that it was a film 5
Presenter 2: Daphne Ford is a comic, known for her
excited about it to be honest. I mean, it’s been ludicrous. It’s … , what’s it you say over here? Oh, so it was sort of cheesy, but in a nutshell, the film
television sitcoms and stand-up shows in which
phenomenal being here but I’m going travelling for a 55 old money for rope? No. Money for old rope, isn’t it? showed them ticking off the items on their bucket
she draws on her real life experience of mental
few months now and I absolutely cannot wait! Jules: Yeah, money for old rope -paying for something lists and realising what was important in their lives.
illness, single-parent families and her entertaining
C that’s not worth anything. But, I have to disagree When I was watching it, it crossed my mind that I
childhood. Her debut show, ‘Disaster’ was received 5
with you there Marta, I mean, it sounds like it was was kind of just plodding along, working, enjoying 10
Speaker 3: Sadly, It’s my last day here. I’m not too sure warmly by the critics and dealt explicitly with her
invaluable for that woman. my life but not really pursuing the big, important
about finishing to be honest. I mean, I’ve learned so struggles with depression. Popular with audiences up
things. In a way, it made me reassess my life, which
much but I’m not totally convinced I’m ready to go and down the country, although less well-received 60 Marta: Well, they showed other cases too. Like some is quite amazing for a Hollywood movie! So, I gave
back home and use English for work. I’m completely critically, her television writing has tended to focus senior executives who hadn’t managed to balance it a shot and wrote up my list. I’m going to get the
terrified actually. on female characters as arrogant outsiders. In ‘Mind 10 work and happiness. I didn’t think those results were hang of playing chess and hopefully win a game 15
how you go’ her previous stand-up show, Daphne very good did you Rob?
5 against a champion. I really want to learn something
drew on stories from her experience at secondary Rob: Well they seemed more positive, but they hadn’t from scratch, maybe another language. I want to do
school as part of the ‘popular crowd’ and proved, yet 65 filmed them for long enough to see proper results in something physical but I draw the line at anything
again, she’s the queen of self-promotion. my opinion.

dangerous so I’m in training for a half marathon and Laura: So, did you make a list?
Additional material
20
20 next year I hope to do a full marathon. I’ve ruled it Ruth: Well, I was just getting to that if you had given
out for this year, I can’t be too ambitious, can I? me a second! So, I gave it a shot and wrote up my
list. I’m going to get the hang of playing chess and
Listening 19 hopefully win a game against a champion. I really
‘Bucket lists.’ Page 81
want to learn something from scratch, maybe
another language.
25 ‘Born lucky?’ Page 31
Ruth: I saw a film that dealt with the idea of bucket lists. Laura: Oh yeah, me too.
How lucky are you?

Laura: Oh yeah- was it any good? Ruth: OK, Laura. Please, if you could just let me finish?
Ruth: Just a second and I’ll tell you. The people in Laura: Oh, well I just wanted to say …
it wanted to take the plunge and try the things
they always wanted to do before they kicked the Ruth: So, I want to do something physical but I draw 30 Add up the total number of ‘lucky’ answers you got. Read the feedback and find
5
the line at anything dangerous so I am in training
bucket, so to speak. They were all old by the way,
for a half marathon and next year I hope to do a full your score on the luck index.
and bear in mind that it was a film so, I know what
you’re thinking, and yes, it was sort of cheesy, but marathon. I’ve ruled it out for this year- I can’t be
too ambitious, can I? 1 Yes = lucky. Feedback: trying new things or looking for different solutions is essential to improving your
in a nutshell, the film showed them ticking off the luck. You’ll hit on the right idea eventually. But if you don’t change you never will. Experiment, it may
10 items on their bucket lists and realising what was
surprise you.
important in their lives.
Laura: Ah um…
2 No = lucky. Feedback: make it happen, if it isn’t right then it’s up to you to do something about it. Only
Ruth: When I was watching it, it crossed my mind that I you can change your luck. Be pro-active.
was kind of just plodding along, working,
15 Laura: Oh yeah- me too, I… 3 Yes = lucky. Feedback: be on the look-out for opportunities and to do that you need to notice stuff. Take
Ruth: Just a second Laura, so yeah, I was working, your head out of the clouds and be alert to openings and you’ll start to get all the breaks
enjoying my life but not really pursuing the big,
important things. In a way, it made me reassess my
life which is quite amazing for a Hollywood movie!
4 Yes = lucky. Feedback: to win you need to believe you will. This will motivate you to go that extra mile
in order to succeed. Start believing and go for it!
5 Yes = lucky. Feedback: bounce back stronger than ever. Use the negatives to strengthen your resolve.
Show the world you are made of tough stuff and it will reward you.
6 Yes = lucky. Feedback: never give up or give in, the belief you can bounce back is key to long term
achievement. Look for silver linings and they surely will appear. Come on, good things can happen even in
the face of adversity.
‘Coached towards happiness.’ Page 73 Student B
1 Read your client profile and add details to your new persona. 7 No = lucky. Feedback: learn to let go. Turn off those negative thoughts and don’t worry the small stuff.
Focussing on the important things and getting a good night’s sleep will do wonders for your luck.
2 Choose one of the life coach profiles and give advice to your client
on the situation they describe.
8 No = lucky. Feedback: meeting people is vital to maximising potential and talking opportunities they
You are interested in: might offer. Don’t be a wall flower, jump in and network. Shake hands, say ‘hi’ and the rest will come
Option 1 naturally.
You work for a coaching service. You are very experienced and hold very
strong opinions. Listen to your client’s problem and prepare some advice 9 Yes = lucky. Feedback: that inner voice or gut instinct is often right. Your subconscious works ten times
to give him or her. Make it clear what you believe the correct path to take is faster than your rationale brain. Trust it and it will reward you but you need to look after it. Give it some
and be sure clarify any information you provide. quiet time for reflection. Think back on your successes at the end of the day.
You want to:
Option 2 10 No = lucky. Feedback: stop looking for black cats and ladders! Don’t let
You work for a coaching service. You are not very experienced and have a superstition govern your life with lucky numbers, rabbit’s feet and omens.
tendency to give a range of solutions to a problem and let the client decide Focus on what’s real, understand your future is about the decisions you make
what’s best. Listen to your client’s problem and prepare some advice to give and then make the right ones.
him or her. Make it clear what you believe the correct path to take is and be
You don’t want to:
sure to clarify any information you provide.
0 out of luck, literally. You need to adopt some lucky behaviour traits
Client Profile 1-3 down on your luck, try our suggestions to give your life a kick start
4-6 pot luck, sometimes you win, sometimes you lose – check out or advice
You have decided to see a life coach because you have found yourself in a 7-9 your luck’s in – you are naturally lucky, you don’t need our advice but
tricky situation. Listen to the advice from your life coach and discuss the next read it anyway
You have the following responsibilities:
steps. You do not have to agree with your life coach and should give your 10 lucky streak, you know how to be lucky and success is guaranteed
An upcoming appraisal where your annual bonus
reasons for feeling a certain way.
will be decided, based upon on your performance
You are a young professional. You got off to a good start in your career and in your job; a wedding to save up for.
have a few years’ experience behind you, however you find yourself taking on
more and more work and aren’t sure how to deal with it all – or even if you’ll
make your deadlines. Your family is always moaning that they never see you
and you can’t remember the last time you had a night out with your fiancé.

Language notes
Language file 1
Finite adverbial clauses: page 10 Finite and non-finite 6 The system of choosing members of the aristocracy 3 Joseph kept walking down the street as if he hadn’t
Finite adverbial clauses are linked to the main clause of a sentence, and The words ‘finite’ and ‘non-finite’ are grammatical by examination resulted in a high level of stability. heard us.
they tell us something about that main clause. They have the same a terms that are used to distinguish between two war or other upheaval
structure as a sentence and include a subject and a predicate. different types of verb. Finite verbs have a subject
resulted in the collapse of one imperial regime, the
and tense. Finite verbs, on the other hand, do not 4 Tabloid papers will keep on prying into the private lives
show tense. The three non-finite verbs forms are examinations continued.
Yuki took the TOEFL because she wants to study at an American university. of public figures as long as the public continues to be
the infinitive, the gerund and the participle. We can 1 If only 2 Until
interested in scandal.
therefore distinguish between finite and non-finite 3 Wherever 4 Even when
Main clause Adverbial clause adverbial clauses. Look at the examples.
7 A number of unsuccessful candidates went on to
Subordinating conjunctions Finite adverbial clauses 5 Tony left his mobile phone in his drawer as he didn’t
channel their energies into art or literature. For
You can recognise finite adverbial clauses easily because they begin with a Abdul Aziz passed the exam easily even though he want to be disturbed.
hadn’t studied very hard. example, the novelist Cao Xueqin wrote The Dream
conjunction such as ‘when’, ‘although’, ‘as soon as’ or ‘such that’. This type
of conjunction is called a subordinating conjunction because it joins clauses As soon as the new teacher walked through the of the Red Chamber his hopes
of unequal importance in a sentence—the main clause (the more important door, Rose knew that she would like him. of a civil service career had been dashed by failure in 6 You don’t stand a chance of passing that exam unless
clause) and the subordinate, or dependent, clause (the less important the examinations. you study harder.
Non-finite adverbial clauses
clause). The conjunctions ‘and’, ‘but’ and ‘or’ are not subordinating 1 even though 2 in order that
conjunctions—they are called coordinating conjunctions and can be used to Craig came to London to work for an IT company.
join two independent clauses. (Infinitive) 3 whenever 4 after 7 Supposing that it snows tomorrow, will you still come
Here is a list of subordinating conjunctions. Exhausted after a long day at the office, Josephine 8 the Imperial examination into work?
sat down in front of the TV. (Participle) system was ended in 1905, there have been a
after before now than whereas
Closing the door quietly, she left the room. great number of changes in the Chinese education
although even now that that wherever (Gerund) 8 I’ll buy that necklace as long as it’s not too expensive.
as even if once though system. The emphasis is now on science rather than
whether Reversing the order philosophy and literature.
as if even though provided til which Often, it is possible to reverse the order of the main 1 Until 2 Since 3 Investigate how finite adverbial clauses are used.
as long as if provided that unless while clause and the finite adverbial clause. Read a magazine article and underline all the finite
3 Whereas 4 If
as much as if only rather than until who Even though he hadn’t studied very hard, Abdul adverbial clauses that you find.
as soon as if then since when whoever Aziz passed the exam easily. 9 The examination system enabled a genuinely
as though in order that so that whenever why Abdul Aziz passed the exam easily even though he meritocratic system to develop where even the
because just as supposing where hadn’t studied very hard. lowliest peasant could rise to the top of society.
We usually put information that is already known you were intelligent enough to
Subordinating conjunctions and adverbial clauses can be put into or that is taken for granted in the first clause, and pass the examinations, you could gain a place in the
categories according to their meaning. These categories include time, place, new or surprising information comes in the second
civil service.
manner, reason, contrast, condition, purpose and result. clause.
However, some conjunctions such as ‘where’, ‘as 1 Whether 2 Even if
if’, ‘as though’, ‘so that’ and ‘in order that’, usually 3 Although 4 Provided
come after the main clause.
10 The Imperial examinations, with their heavy
1 The following are extracts from essays on the bribed, and candidates could pay to avoid taking some emphasis on the Confucian Classics, were criticised
history of the Chinese imperial examination system. exams altogether. The expense of buying books and for holding back China’s economic and technological
Complete the sentences using the most appropriate hiring tutors meant that poorer candidates were at a development. universities in
conjunction.
disadvantage such corruption was the West began to offer tuition in the areas of science,
1 there are a few well-known not a problem. economics and engineering, academic study in China
examples in literature of women dressing up 1 as soon as 2 even when remained firmly focused on classical literature.
as men to take the examinations, there are no 3 even though 4 as 1 As 2 Whether
historical records of this actually happening. The
4 It took many years to study for the examinations. 3 Because 4 As if
examinations were an all-male affair.
As a result, many scholars had reached their dotage 2 Underline the adverbial clause in each of these
1 While 2 Since
they were finally able to join the civil sentences. Reverse the order of the adverbial clause
3 Supposing 4 Unless
service. and the main clause if it is possible to do so. In what
2 the consequences of being 1 as though 2 where circumstances might you want to reverse the order?
caught were terrible, some candidates resorted 3 if 4 before 1 My mum was angry with me even though I got home
to cheating. Some of the methods used by on time.
5 The examinations required enormous amounts of rote
unscrupulous candidates were quite ingenious.
learning. _______________________ a candidate was to
1 Whereas 2 If only
have any chance of success, he would have to memorise 2 The company director says that he will not hand over
3 Although 4 Since
texts with a total of over 400,000 characters. the documents unless there is a change in the law.
3 The well-off tended to do better in the exams. 1 Unless 2 If
During some periods, particularly the late Qing 3 As long as 4 Provided
period, corruption was rife. Examiners could be
96 Advanced: Language notes Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 97

Language notes
Language file 2
Participle and infinitive clauses: page 18 1 Rewrite the following sentences or pairs of sentences 14 The cat purred contentedly and rolled onto its back.
as single sentences beginning with a participle clause.
Participle clauses Faced with growing criticism over unemployment, the government
Make any other changes that are necessary.
We can use participle clauses to express ideas efficiently, introduced a raft of measures to create jobs in high-tech industries. 15 Kelvin straightened his tie and walked purposefully
using fewer words than would be necessary with other (This implies that the government introduced the measures in into the lobby of the publishing company.
sentence patterns. response to the criticism.) 1 Andre ended up back at the seafront. He had got on
A) Present participle clauses Discouraged by the large number of rejection letters that he had the wrong bus.
1) We can use participle clauses with a gerund to show that received, Anthony gave up looking for paid employment and started 16 Rashid carefully went over his notes for his
two actions happened simultaneously or that one action working as a volunteer. presentation as he waited for the conference to begin.
followed immediately after another. (This implies that the reason Anthony gave up looking for paid 2 I felt bored, so I started to look through some old
Taking a deep breath, Alison dived under the water. employment was that he was discouraged by the rejection letters photographs.
he received.) 17 I remembered that I had left my wallet on the kitchen
(Alison took a deep breath and then dived under the water.)
Founded in 1858, the school has over 500 pupils. table, so I rushed back to my flat.
Strolling hand in hand through the wood, Helen and Alan 3 Matthew was disturbed by the increase in crime
discussed their wedding plans. (In this case, there is no implication of cause, reason or condition.
The sentence can be rewritten with a relative clause: ‘The school, in the area, so he decided to move to a safer
(Helen and Alan discussed their wedding plans while they which was founded in 1858, has over 500 pupils.’) neighbourhood.
18 Deidre didn’t want to hurt Adam’s feelings, so she
were walking through the wood.) assured him that he had a good chance of getting the
Avoiding dangling participles
Waking to the sound of church bells, Luke realised he was job even though she knew he lacked the necessary
going to be late again. When writing sentences with participle clauses, it is important 4 Amanda hadn’t noticed that the company chairman experience.
to make sure that it is clear which noun the participle clause is
Sitting on the beach, Paulo and Latika listened to the gentle was sitting at the next table. She then proceeded to
modifying. If the subject of the participle clause is not stated, it
sounds of the sea. complain about her job to her friends.
should be the same as that of the main clause. For example, the
2) –ing participle clauses are also sometimes used with a 19 James checked that nobody had followed him, and then
following sentence contains a dangling participle and does not
stative verb such as ‘believe’, ‘think’, ‘feel’, ‘know’ or ‘want’ make sense. he turned into the dark alleyway.
to suggest a cause or reason. Note that when we make a 5 This flat, which is located within easy reach of the city
Wagging its tail enthusiastically, Richard stroked his
negative participle clause, the ‘not’ usually comes before centre, would suit a young professional.
neighbour’s dog. 2
the participle. Some of the following sentences contain dangling
You would need to write this sentence in the following way. participles or incorrectly modified clauses. Rewrite
Thinking that Amanda was at home, Luigi went over to her
apartment. Richard stroked his neighbour’s dog as it wagged its tail 6 Josephine performed well in the interview. Now she the sentences where necessary. If the sentences are
enthusiastically. feels confident that she will land the job. correct, write ‘correct’.
(Luigi went over to Amanda’s apartment because he thought
that she was at home.) If the subject of the participle clause is stated, then it is possible for 1 Impressed by her performance in the initial interview,
the main clause of the sentence to be different. Caroline was invited back by the members of the
Wanting to find out more about the position, Ann decided to 7 Caroline was shocked by the news of her
contact the recruiter by phone. The weather being terrible that day, a lot of the tourists were making selection panel for a second interview.
use of the indoor swimming pool in the hotel. grandfather’s illness. She went straight to the hospital.
(Ann wanted to find out more about the position, so she
decided to phone the recruiter.) To-infinitive clauses
2 To ensure that candidates are suitable for the job, a
Not knowing what to say, Sophie listened in silence to the old We often use to-infinitive clauses to express purpose, but they can 8 While Karen was walking up to the front door of the
man’s extraordinary story. also be used to show consequence, condition and result. When the wide variety of questions are chosen by interviewing
old house, she had a strange feeling that something
infinitive clause comes at the beginning of a sentence, the subject panels.
B) Perfect participle clauses was wrong.
of the main verb must be a logical agent that could perform the
We can use a perfect participle to show clearly that one action described by the infinitive verb. Look at the following two
action happened before another. incorrect examples and the revised versions. 3 Having negotiated the multi-million pound contract
9 Sarah talked about her skills and qualifications. She
Having checked that all the doors and windows in the house To do well in an interview, good manners are an essential quality successfully, Roberta was confident that she would
were locked, Stuart got in his car and headed for the airport. then went on to explain why she would like the job.
for a candidate. receive a large bonus.
(Stuart checked that the doors and windows were locked, You would need to write this sentence in the following way.
and then he got in his car.) 10 The dog growled menacingly as it moved towards the
To do well in an interview, a candidate must have good manners.
Having missed the last bus home, Charlie went to look for an 4 To attract as many applicants as possible, positions are
To understand how to put together this wardrobe, the instructions intruder.
all-night café where he could wait until morning. advertised in various media outlets.
must be read.
Not having shaved that morning, Bill looked extremely
You would need to write this sentence in the following way.
scruffy when he got to the interview. 11 Tom believed that he was well qualified for the job, so
To understand how to put together this wardrobe, you must read the he sent off an application.
5 To reduce the level of tension, interviewers often begin
B) Past participle clauses instructions. by asking candidates relatively simple questions about
We can also make participle clauses using the past Here are some more examples of sentences beginning with a to- their background.
participle of a verb. This type of construction is used more infinitive clause 12 Laura and her family went straight to bed because
frequently in written English than it is in spoken English.
Past participle clauses are sometimes used to suggest To make sure that he had plenty of time to spare for the interview, they were exhausted by the long drive.
Tom caught an earlier train. 6 Having spent all the money he had given her,
cause, reason and condition. They can also be rewritten as
relative clauses. To avoid seeming nervous, you should sit back in your chair and Miranda’s father knew that Miranda would have to
keep your hands on your lap. 13 Dave hadn’t prepared for the interview properly, so look for a job.
he found that he stumbled over his words in response
to even the most predictable questions.

Language notes
7 To find out more about the company, research on f) Terry, you look ( ) in that 3 Complete the following sentences using an adverb in
hat. You definitely shouldn’t buy it. People would just the box. Remember to choose adverbs that collocate
the company’s website is an important thing for
well with the adjectives in the sentences. Sometimes
candidates to do. laugh at you. more than one answer is possible. Use a dictionary to
1 utterly 2 completely help you.
8 Established in 1703, the bank has a well-deserved 3 perfectly 4 very
astronomically blatantly completely
reputation for prudence and sound management. g) ‘Colin is in a bad mood, isn’t he?’ ‘Yeah, he’s been deeply fabulously fiercely
( ) all morning. He’s utterly hardly heavily
hugely painfully perfectly
hardly spoken to anyone.
wholly
Language file 3 1 very 2 dreadfully
3 awfully 4 practically a) It turned out that one of Josephine’s ancestors was
Submodifying adverbs: page 64 h) ‘How did Mr Carter react to your business proposal?’
wealthy. He owned a beautiful
A submodifier is a type of adverb that is used in front of an 3) Adjectives that are used for classification, such as ‘pink’, ‘He was ( ) . He said he
mansion house and a very large area of land.
adjective. Examples include ‘very’,’ rather’,’ utterly’ and ‘plastic’ and ‘silk’. b) After over 20 years, Nadine has become
‘absolutely’. One thing that influences the choice of which really likes the idea and that he’s definitely going to
We do not normally use submodifying adverbs with non-gradable acclimatised to life in England.
adverb to use is whether the adjective is gradable or non- invest money in the company.’
adjectives. For example, we would not usually say that someone is In fact, she’s worried that she wouldn’t fit in if she went
gradable.
‘very married’ or talk about an ‘extremely silk dress’. However, we 1 grossly 2 very
Gradable adjectives can use non-grading adverbs with non-gradable adjectives. These back to her home country.
3 extremely 4 immensely
Adjectives such as ‘cold’, ‘difficult’ and ‘exciting’ are known include adverbs like ‘absolutely’ and ‘completely’, and they usually c) Wages for expatriates in Saudi Arabia are good, but the
function to add extra emphasis. i) Amanda was supposed to get home at ten o’clock
as gradable adjectives. They describe qualities that can vary cost of living is high. As a result,
in their intensity. For example, a question might be ‘quite Joan was totally exhausted, so she went to bed. last night, and her parents were beside themselves
some people find they don’t save as much money as
difficult’, ‘very difficult’ or ‘extremely difficult’. Gradable Tom was absolutely delighted when he heard the news. with worry. When she walked through the door at
adjectives have comparative and superlative forms, so you they had hoped.
The task was virtually impossible. midnight, they were angry but also
can say that one film is ‘more exciting’ than another or that a ( ) that she had got home d) ‘I’m worried about Diane. She’s
film is ‘the most exciting’ that you have ever seen. Some adjectives can be either gradable or non-gradable depending
safely. thin.’ ‘She lost a lot of weight when she got sick last
on the context in which they are used. For example, ‘old’ is gradable
We can use adverbs that modify gradable adjectives, such as week, but she told me she’s feeling better now.’
for the meaning of ‘not young’ and non-gradable for the meaning of
‘very’, ‘fairly’, ‘extremely’ and ‘a little’. These are known as 1 perfectly 2 immensely
‘former’ or ‘ex’. e) The market for computer accessories is
submodifiers. 3 extremely 4 hugely
My computer is very old (gradable). competitive, so it can be very
That band was fairly popular 10 years ago. j) I really must clean my shoes. They’re ( )
I met my old maths teacher last week (non-gradable). difficult for small firms to make a profit.
Richard’s son is extremely intelligent. .
The adverbs ‘really’, ‘pretty’ and ‘fairly’ can be used with both
Non-gradable adjectives f) The critic said that the film was
gradable and non-gradable adjectives. 1 very 2 absolutely
Non-gradable adjectives, describe qualities that do not vary enjoyable and that he recommended it highly.
Collocation 3 completely 4 fully
in intensity. g) The young girl was upset by the
When choosing which adverb to use with an adjective, it is k) ‘Malcolm is a really smart guy, isn’t he?’ ‘You’re right.
1) Adjectives that describe extremes, where the meaning loss of her grandmother.
not enough just to be able to recognise whether the adjective
of the adjective already includes the idea of ‘very’. For He’s ( ) , but I find him a
is gradable or non-gradable. You must also consider whether h) The parents at the meeting argued that the system for
example, ‘terrified’ means ‘very frightened’ and ‘tiny’ means little difficult to get along with.’
the adverb and adjective collocate well together. Collocation
‘very small’. allocating school places was
dictionaries can help you to determine this. 1 highly 2 very
2) Adjectives that describe qualities that can be thought of unfair and that it should be changed immediately.
as absolutes, such as ‘correct’,’ dead’, ‘alive’ and ‘perfect’. 3 absolutely 4 essentially
i) The head teacher said that she was
You are either alive or not, and an answer is correct or it l) ‘Did you agree with what Matthew said last night?’
isn’t—there are no degrees of intensity. appalled by the poor behaviour
‘Yes. What he said was ( )
that she had witnessed in the school.
, but it wasn’t very tactful. I’m not surprised that
1 Complete the following sentences using an adjective cards and flowers that she received from her friends and j) The bus company is only able to continue its
Judith got so upset.’
in the box. Write the adjectives on the blank lines. neighbours when she was sick. After she recovered, she operations because it is
wrote to each of them to say thank you. 1 perfectly 2 totally
appreciative correct delightful enthusiastic subsidised by the government. It wouldn’t be able to
3 very 4 entirely
exorbitant filthy grumpy hilarious 1 very 2 virtually make a profit without public money.
intelligent obedient relieved ridiculous 3 incredibly 4 hugely 2 Circle all of the adverbs that you could put in the
space in brackets ( ). k) ‘Do you agree with Thomas?’ ‘I thought he put
a) ‘Was that film funny?’ ‘Yes, it was ( ) d) ‘Did you and your wife have a good time yesterday?’ ‘Yes, forward a valid argument, but I
. It had me in stitches.’ we enjoyed a ( ) stroll by the can’t say that I agree with it.’
river.’ l) The inquiry found that the accident at the factory was
1 absolutely 2 completely
3 very 4 virtually 1 rather 2 practically unavoidable and absolved the
3 most 4 fully management of any blame.
b) The interest rates that many pay-day loan
companies charge are ( ) e) Sophie’s pet Doberman can seem rather frightening
. Some work out to over 1,000% per annum. sometimes, but he is a ( ) dog.
He does exactly what she tells him to do.
1 totally 2 very
3 absolutely 4 grossly 1 highly 2 really
3 very 4 nearly
c) Mrs White was ( ) of the

Language notes
Language file 4
Mixed conditionals: page 71 1 Choose the sentence that best matches the situation. C) Newton Industries would have gone out of business
about the present or future results of something that happened (or
didn’t happen) in the past. For this reason, we often use this type of 1 Situation: The company did not conduct proper if it wasn’t for that legislation introduced by the
Basic conditional sentences
sentence to express regret about something in the past. health and safety inspections, and some workers are government.
Before looking at mixed conditionals, we will review some
basic conditional sentences. Conditional sentences contain The ‘if’ clause of a mixed third/second conditional sentence is the dead now as a result. 6 Situation: The weather was nice, and the two teams
two clauses—an ‘if’clause that sets out some kind of same as the ‘if’ clause of a third conditional sentence, and the main
A) Those people would still be alive if the management played football.
condition, and a main clause that tells us the result of that clause is the same as that of a second conditional sentence. Look
condition. Remember, it doesn’t matter in which order these at these examples. hadn’t been negligent over its health and safety A) If it had been raining, the match wouldn’t have
two clauses come. Below are some examples of the three A) Present results of past actions/inactions inspections. gone ahead.
most common types of conditional sentence. B) If the management isn’t negligent over its health and B) If it had rained, the match wouldn’t be going ahead.
Condition Result
First conditional safety inspections, there won’t be any fatalities.
past perfect would + base form of verb C) If it rains, the match won’t go ahead.
• used when talking about the future
If Josh had studied hard at school, he wouldn’t be in a dead-end C) Some workers might end up losing their lives if the 7 Situation: Paul always spends too much money on
• there is a real possibility that the condition will happen job now. management isn’t more conscientious over its health things he doesn’t need. Last month, his bank account
Condition Result In the example above, we know that Josh didn’t study hard at and safety inspections. was in the red.
present simple will + base form of verb school and that he is in a dead-end job now. 2 Situation: Elaine always sees the best in people. A) You wouldn’t have been able to buy that sports car if
If you give me your phone I will call you tonight. If the police hadn’t carried out their investigation so thoroughly, the That is why she started going out with Thomas even you had been in debt last month.
number, perpetrators would still be at large.
though he is unpopular with her friends.
(= The police carried out their investigation thoroughly, and now the B) If you were more careful with your money, you
If it rains tomorrow, the trip will be cancelled.
perpetrators are not at large.) A) You’ll never agree to go out with Thomas if you find wouldn’t have got into debt.
In the second example, there is a real possibility that it will
If you had put more effort into advancing your career, you would be out what kind of person he really is.
rain. C) If you hadn’t saved so wisely, you would have found
assistant manager now. B) If you weren’t such an incurable optimist, you would
Second conditional yourself in the red.
You wouldn’t be in so much pain if you had taken my advice and put never have got involved with Thomas in the first
• used when talking about the future on some sunscreen. 8 Situation: Steve and his wife regret the fact that they
place.
• there isn’t a real possibility that the condition will happen If the company hadn’t wasted so much money on refurbishing the didn’t buy some shares in a company last year.
building, we’d all have higher salaries. C) If you hadn’t started going out with Thomas, you
Condition Result A) If we bought those shares, we’d be rich.
B) Future results of past actions/inactions would never have started to see the best in other
past simple would + base form of verb B) If we’d bought those shares, we’d be rich.
people.
If I married a film star, I would move to Los Angeles. Condition Result C) We’d buy those shares if we had enough money.
3 Situation: Amy and Steve are having financial
If Angela asked Chris he would say yes. past perfect would + gerund form of verb
difficulties because they borrowed a lot of money last 2 Complete the following conditional sentences using the
out on a date, If If Ann had studied harder, she would be going to university
year. best options (a, b, c, d).
next month.
In the second example, there is no real possibility that In the example above, we know that Ann didn’t study very hard and A) If we hadn’t borrowed money from your dad, we 1 If the political leaders of the 1980s
Angela will ask Chris out on a date. she isn’t going to university next month. wouldn’t have been able to buy the flat. the foresight to introduce
Third conditional If I hadn’t lost my passport, I’d be travelling to the Caribbean with those reforms, the economy would be in a much worse
B) We would have been able to get a mortgage if we
• used when talking about the past my friends next month. state than it is in today.
hadn’t been so heavily in debt already.
• the condition is something that did not happen (=I lost my passport and so I’m not going on holiday with my a) hadn’t had b) wouldn’t have
friends) C) If we hadn’t taken out that large loan, we wouldn’t be
Condition Result
c) should have d) did have
The company would be expanding its operations in Europe next year so heavily in debt now.
past perfect would have + past participle if the new regulations hadn’t been introduced. 2 If you in this government
4 Situation: Matthew is often rude to people. He ended
If you had bought shares you would have made a lot of 2) Mixed second/third conditionals bond, you’ll receive a return of 3.5% over a period of
up having an argument at a café last week.
in that company, money. We use mixed second/third conditional sentences to show how one year.
A) If you were more polite to the people at the café, they
If it had been sunny we would have gone to the park. present, on-going circumstances relate to the past. a) had invested b) invested
wouldn’t argue with you so much.
yesterday, The ‘if’ clause is the same as that of a second conditional, and the c) invest d) would have invested
main clause is the same as that of a third conditional. B) If you hadn’t had that argument with those people at
In the second example, we know that the weather wasn’t 3 If my camera working in
sunny yesterday and that they didn’t go to the park. the café, they wouldn’t have been so rude to you.
Condition Result
the middle of the parade, I’d be able to show you a lot
Remember that we sometimes use ‘could’, ‘should’ or past simple would have + past participle C) You wouldn’t have got into that argument at the café
more pictures.
‘might’ in place of ‘would’ in the main clause of third if you were more polite to people.
conditional sentences. If I lived in central London, I would have applied for the job. a) didn’t stop b) hadn’t stopped c)
In the example above, we know that the speaker doesn’t live in 5 Situation: Newton Industries had to close down
Mixed conditionals stopped d) stops
central London now and that he didn’t apply for the job. as a result of a law that was introduced by the
In the three types of conditional sentence outlined above, 4 If I knew more about computers, I probably
If you were a more tactful person, you wouldn’t have offended government.
the time that is being referred to is the same in both that job I was
Joanne at the party last night.
the ‘if’clause and the main clause. In mixed conditional A) If the government hadn’t introduced that legislation,
If you were more sensible, you wouldn’t have been driving so fast. interviewed for last month.
sentences, however, the time being referred to in the Newton Industries would still be in business.
two clauses is different. There are various types of mixed If you weren’t so preoccupied with your own problems all the time, a) got b) had got
conditional sentences. you would have noticed that Elaine was really upset last night. B) Newton Industries would go out of business if the
c) would have got d) will get
If I spoke Spanish a little better, I might have been able to government introduced that legislation.
1) Mixed third/second conditionals
In mixed third/second conditional sentences, we are talking understand what she was saying.

Language notes
Language file 5
5 If Josephine and I hadn’t had that argument, we 3 Using your own words, explain the situation described in the
Idiomatic expressions: page 80 Captain Rogers made the ultimate sacrifice in the Battle of the
going on holiday following conditional sentences. Look at the example.
There are thousands of idiomatic expressions in English, Bulge. (Captain Rogers was killed in the Battle of the Bulge.)
next month. If the merger hadn’t taken place, we would still have our jobs. and English speakers often use them in speech and writing. There are many more informal or humorous idioms related to death.
a) would be b) will be Answer: Learning idioms requires a great deal of effort, but it is He dropped dead (he died) outside the supermarket.
important to do so as it will help you to communicate more
c) are d) should have been A merger took place, and they lost their jobs as a result. fluently. In this section, we will look at idioms related to the You’ll have to look after the garden after I’ve popped my clogs. (after
6 If governments around the world were more topics of life, death and happiness. I’ve died)
1 If Kevin had ridden his bike more carefully, he wouldn’t be in
I’m not ready to cash in my chips yet. (I’m not ready to die yet. The
concerned with the plight of the poor, they casualty. Life
‘chips’ in this expression refer to the chips used for gambling at a
the problem of world Here are some examples of idiomatic expressions that casino, which you can exchange for money.)
hunger years ago. include the word ‘life’.
2 We’d still be going out if we hadn’t had that stupid argument. After that heart operation, it feels like I’ve got one foot in the grave.
a) solved b) could solve Marc is a very sociable person, and he can get along with (I’m close to death.)
people from every walk of life. (people with different jobs or
c) could have solved d) had solved Some idioms related to death can be used in other contexts.
3 If the river flooded, this house would be severely damaged. different social statuses)
7 If Watson and Crick had not discovered the I’ve had that computer for nearly ten years, and now it has finally
In many parts of the country, high unemployment is a fact of
given up the ghost. (This expression can mean ‘to die’, but in this
structure of DNA in the 1950s, scientists life. (something that is unpleasant but which people have
context it means ‘to stop working’.)
the technology used 4 Harold wouldn’t have got the job if he wasn’t so good looking. come to accept as normal)
Some other idioms include words related to death but actually have
today to convict or exonerate people in criminal cases. I don’t want to take my life in my hands(risk my life) by going
an entirely unrelated meaning.
rock climbing with Anthony. I’m not sure if he really knows
a) cannot develop b) did not develop 5 Annabel would have gone to the party with you if you’d asked what he’s doing. You’re due on stage in one minute. Knock ‘em dead! (This
c) could not have developed d) would not develop her to. expression is used to wish someone luck before a performance.)
You should definitely invite Carla. She’s always the life and
8 The company thriving if soul of the party (Br) / the life of the party. (US) (a person ‘The neighbours want to cut down that oak tree in their front
who makes a party fun) garden.’ ‘Over my dead body! I love that tree.’ (I won’t let that
only we had invested more heavily in new technology 6 If you hadn’t forgotten your gloves, your hands wouldn’t be so happen)
five years ago. After the operation, I felt like I had a new lease of life (Br) / a
cold. Happiness
new lease on life. (US) (a new and fresh view of life)
a) is b) had been Why don’t we do something a bit different this weekend? We Here are some examples of idioms related to the theme of
c) was d) would be 7 If you were a more skilful driver, you wouldn’t have scratched could go canoeing. Come on, variety is the spice of life. (This happiness.
9 Samantha would probably still be talking to you today that car. is a proverb that we use when we want to say that doing Josh won’t mind if you change the arrangements even at this late
something different or unusual is a good thing.) stage. He’s got a happy-go-lucky personality. (carefree, easy going)
if only you to her right
You could probably find this book a bit cheaper in another Thanks for coming to see me and bringing me these beautiful
after she found out about what you did. shop, but life’s too short! (You shouldn’t worry about
8 If Steve is promoted next month, I’ll quit. flowers. Your visit made my day. (We use this expression to talk
a) had apologised b) apologised unimportant things) Let’s buy it here. about something that we enjoyed or made us happy.)
c) apologise d) would have apologised Death I’ve been a piano teacher for over ten years, and I still enjoy it a
10 If Harrington Industries started to produce There are a large number of idiomatic expressions related to lot. I really get a kick out of seeing my students improve. (This is an
death. One reason for this is that death is a sensitive subject informal expression that means ‘enjoy’.)
washing machine parts on a large scale, we
and people often do not want to talk about it in direct terms. There are a number of informal expressions that mean ‘very happy’.
to compete with them. Instead, they use euphemisms—words or expressions that Carl was on cloud nine after Lucy said she would go out on a date
a) wouldn’t be able b) haven’t been able we use to talk about something unpleasant without naming with him.
c) weren’t able d) won’t be able the subject itself.
He’s over the moon.
Here are a few commonly used formal idioms related to death.
He was on top of the world.
My grandmother passed away last year. (My grandmother
died last year.) She’ll be thrilled to bits.
Aunt Joan is at rest now. (Aunt Joan is dead.) He was in seventh heaven.
1 Complete the sentences with the most appropriate 2 ‘Is Terry happy about being transferred to
words or phrases. Some of the phrases are not the Berlin office?’ Yes, he’s been walking on
covered in the explanation above, so you may need to since he heard the news. He’s
use a dictionary.
always wanted to live in Germany.’
1 There’s a civil war going on in that part of the
a) air b) water
country, so you’d be if
c) the wind d) time
you went there on holiday. I strongly advise you to
3 After details of the financial scandal at the bank were
change your route.
reported in the media, the head of the department
a) getting a new lease of life
involved was quick to . He
b) taking your life in your hands
resigned immediately, foregoing his bonus and pension.
c) leading a charmed life
a) put another nail in the coffin
d) making a life for yourself
b) dice with death
c) fall on his sword
d) keep the skeletons in the closet

Language notes Notes
4 Most of your friends are lawyers or accountants, Rob. 12 Nobody was for joy when the
You should try to meet some people from different news went around the office that Colin had been promoted to
of life. Regional Sales Manager. He is widely disliked.
a) walks b) facts a) calling b) waiting
c) spices d) leases c) swinging d) jumping
5 Can you help me look for my car keys? I can’t 2 Replace the underlined clause using the most appropriate
the life of me remember idiomatic expression from the list below. Try not to change
where I put them. the meaning of the sentence.
a) at b) with to give up the ghost to have one foot in the grave
c) by d) for to pass away thrilled to bits
to give someone a new lease of life
6 I grew up during a time of terrible conflict when
to eat somebody alive to have the time of one’s life
life was . I hope my a fact of life happy-go-lucky
grandchildren never have to experience war.
1 ‘Was Harry pleased with the bike he got for his birthday?’ ‘Yes,
a) bright b) fast
he’s delighted with it. . He can’t
c) cheap d) open
wait to go out for a long ride in the countryside.’
7) My teenage daughter is thinking about spending half
2 Violent crime has become so common in some parts of the city
of her savings on a new coat, but I’m not going to
that people accept it as normal. .
try to stop her. If she really wants to buy it, then
The police don’t seem to be able to do anything about it.
! I mean, she’s old
enough to make her own mistakes. 3 That poor dog seems very unwell. In fact, it looks like it’s
about to die. .
a) it’s her funeral b) over my dead body
c) knock ‘em dead d) I’ll give up the ghost 4 I’m going to have to buy a new food mixer. My old one has
stopped working. .
8 The idea of building a new road connecting
Fishergate and Westfield is dead in the 5 John has really changed since he became a teenager. He used
as all of the political to be such a carefree child. . Now,
parties oppose it. he’s anxious about everything.
a) water b) earth 6 We need to work on our project a lot more before we hand
c) sky d) money it in. If we showed it to Professor Jones today, he would get
angry and criticise us. .
9 I guess that one day people will fly to Mars.
But by that time, I’ll be pushing up the 7 Uncle Harold is much more cheerful since he moved into his
My grandchildren might new retirement flat. It has changed his outlook on life for the
see it, though. better. .
a) chips b) clogs 8 ‘Are you having a good time at university, Sue?’ ‘Yes, I’m really
c) daisies d) ghosts enjoying myself.’ .
10) Every time I turn on the television, there’s

another stupid reality TV show on! I’m
. Let’s watch something
else.
a) over the moon about them
b) sick to death of them
c) dead as a doornail
d) dead to the world
11 The police found out that the man had been leading
. Completely unknown
to his wife and family, he had thousands of pounds
in a secret bank account that he used to entertain
members of the criminal underworld.
a) the life of the party b) the life of Riley
c) a dog’s life d) a double life

Notes
Acknowledgements
The publishers are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce
photographs and images:
Cover image: Pajor Pawel/shutterstock.
© Copyright 2014 Aspect Education Limited. All rights reserved.
Aspect Education Ltd, Kaplan International Colleges, 2nd Floor, Warwick
Building, Kensington Village, Avonmore Road, London, W14 8HQ.
www.kaplaninternational.com
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani-
cal, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission
of Kaplan/Aspect Education Ltd. You must not circulate this book in any
other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on
any acquirer.
Kaplan/Aspect Education Ltd. has no responsibility for the persistence
or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party websites referred to in this
publication and does not guarantee that any content on such sites is, or
will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel
timetables and other factual information given are accurate at the time of
first printing but Kaplan International/Aspect Education does not
guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter.
108 Advanced: Notes

Kaplan English
Language Learning System
K+ is a blended package of In addition to K+ IELTS, six levels of K+ take students from

Pre-A1 to C1 on the Common European Framework of Reference.
classroom learning materials,
online practice and opportunities Beginners Pre-A1
to prepare for real-world Elementary A1
language use. Developed with Lower Intermediate A2
the expertise that comes from Intermediate B1
educating English language
Higher Intermediate B2
learners, the comprehensive K+
syllabus is aligned to the CEFR Advanced C1
and EAQUALS. IELTS B2
Student’s Books Online

• Lessons that combine a clear language • Online learning management system that
focus with integrated skills development offers additional practice, tracks progress
• Opportunities to prepare for and monitors student activity
real-world language use • A searchable grammar catalogue with clear
• Grammar files for self-reference or explanations and high-frequency examples
extended practice • Password-protected online assessments
• Unit-by-unit consolidation material
O N L I N E . K A P L A N I N T E R N AT I O N A L . CO M

KICC1SB2
Reprinted November
KIC Advanced 2018
Orange 2013
C1SB2

C1 - Advanced - SB2 Orange Online 2018

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with Online Study

is the Kaplan International online learning

2 Advanced: Contents Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 3

4 Advanced Unit A: Success Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 5

Out in the real world

Experience Money Good life

6 Advanced Unit A: Success Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 7

8 Advanced Unit A: Success Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 9

2 Work in small groups. Using the advice from

Using the language

1 Adverbial clauses are used to make writing where you can do it

a) improve your fluency

2 Look back at the exam advice and highlight the

d) advance your grammar

10 Advanced Unit A: Success Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 11

‘Networkers.’ potential client and complete the following tasks in pairs.

12 Advanced Unit A: Success Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 13

b) Ms Jarvis, isn’t it?

c) Do you mind me asking?

d) I’ll be in touch later this week.

e) Perhaps you can recommend something.

f) Look, Suzanne, I have to go.

g) What about lunch tomorrow?

h) You’ve got my number, right?

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2 Look back at the maze and put the skills and

accomplishments career goals creativity experience interests and hobbies motivation

3 Do you agree with correct responses to the

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‘Presentation tricks.’ Listening

b) How does he try to frighten the audience?

c) What three stories does he tell?

b) Match the six key language tricks to their definitions.

20 Advanced Unit A: Success Kaplan International English online.kaplaninternational.com 21

4 a) The speaker uses a variety of expressions

2 As these slide shows, ...

3 Have look at this slide …

4 I’ll like you to look at this ...

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‘Grow great kids.’ Ask yourself

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How lucky are you?

Noun Verb Adjective

5 Are you and believe you can

7 Do you sometimes feel or

9 Is __________ and listening to the voice in your head

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3 Decide if these statements are true (T) or false Language focus

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‘Epic fails.’ Invention 1 Invention 2

b) Were the inventions successes or failures?

What does it do? What does it do?

Who invented it? Who invented it?

When was it invented? When was it invented?

Why do you think it failed? Why do you think it failed?

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c) I’d been tapping on my keyboard all day when I

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